Language, Culture & Communication- the meaning of message Chapter 1 Linguistic Anthropology Dr. Harriet J. Ottenheimer Anthropology is Holistic • Four Fields: – Archaeology – Physical Anthropology – Cultural Anthropology – Linguistic Anthropology • Applied Anthropology – A fifth field or a second dimension?. Introducing Linguistic Anthropology • Linguistic Anthropology – Contexts & situations – Cause of different world views Anthropology is Comparative • Cultural relativity • Ethnocentrism – frames of reference • Commonalities. Anthropology is Fieldwork-based • • • • In the field ethnography Participant Observation New frames of reference Learning ‘inside’ view. Chiapas, Mexico- 2003 Boas and Fieldwork • Language vs culture vs race • Language as window into culture • Language as necessary for fieldwork. Franz Boas, 1900, posing for model of Kwakiutl dancer Introduction • Uses and meaning transmitted are situational, social, and cultural – Situational – Social – Cultural • Speaking is an action through which meaning is contextually created. – Ethnography of communication – Cultural model- is a construction of reality. Methodologies • Ethnolinguistics – Anthro. Ethnographic methods – Extract rules of communcation • Sociolinguistics – Discover patterns of linguistic variation – Linguistics differences result from gender, age, class, region, race, ethnicity and occupation – Instead of “rules” are statements of probability • individual and societal patterning are based on behavior exhibited over time and in diverse situations. – Context complex In Search of the First Language • • • • • • • • Tower of Babel Did a mother tongue ever exist? Sr. William Jones discovered What is the Proto Indo European?Date? Why are Salish speakers concerned about language survival? What are the consequences of language loss? Why is the Basque a language isolate? How have scientist tried to study language (CavalliSforza)
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