Presentation Title:
Managing evolutionary ontologies in
semantic web service with
MMFI4Ontology Registration
9th Open Forum on Metadata Registries
Harmonization of Terminology, Ontology and Metadata
20th – 22nd March, 2006 , Kobe Japan.
Day:
2nd Day
Slot No.P11
Name: HE Yangfan , HE Keqing, WANG Chong, WANG Jian
Organization: State Key Lab. of Software Engineering, Wuhan University, China.
ISO/IEC 19763-3
MMFI4Ontology Registration
– China;
•
•
•
•
He Keqing (Project editor, SKLSE, Wuhan Univ.)
He Yangfan (SKLSE, Wuhan Univ.)
Wang Chong (SKLSE, Wuhan Univ.)
Wang Jian(SKLSE, Wuhan Univ.)
– Japan;
• Hajime Horiuchi (Tokyo International Univ.)
• Masao Okabe (Project editor, TEPCO)
• Masaharu Obayashi (K-three)
– Korea;
• Doo-Kwon Baik (Korea Univ.)
• Sam Oh (Sungkyunkwan Univ.)
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Content

Background

Introduction of MMFI

MMFI4Ontology Registration

Future Work
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Content

Background

Introduction of MMFI

MMFI4Ontology Registration

Future Work
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What is Ontology

In philosophy, Ontology
– used to describe the characteristic of “beings”.

In computer science,ontology
– explicitly express the implication of concepts
– basis for the communication, knowledge sharing &
exchange and interoperation between
• People
• People and information system
• Information systems
– semantic web service
– a kind of metamodel
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What is Ontology Evolution (1/2)
Validation
Business
Requirement
Change Capturing
Propagation
Representation
Implementation
Semantics
of change
Basic process of
ontology evolution
from User-driven Ontology Evolution Management,
L. Stojanovic, A. Maedche1, B. Motik, N. Stojanovic
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What is Ontology Evolution (2/2)

Ontology evolution
– Adadaptation of an ontology to changed business requirements
– Adaptation to trends in ontology instances and patterns of usage
of the ontology based application,
– Consistent management/propagation of these changes to
dependent elements.
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Basic change operations:

Class
– equivalence change
• Class equivalence added
• Class equivalence modified
• Class equivalence removed

ObjectProperty
No change to
the skeleton of
ontology
– Cardinality change
• Lower bound change
–
Cardinality lower bound added
–
Cardinality lower bound modified
–
Cardinality lower bound removed
• Upper bound change

ObjectProperty restriction type
OWL
– Type changed to allValuesFrom
– Type changed to someValuesFrom
…
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Complex change operations

ObjectProperty Filler change
– Filler changed to subclass
– Filler changed to super class
Some changes to
the skeleton of
ontology

Inverse changed to sub property

Merge multiple siblings into single class

Move a set of siblings to a new subclass

Move ObjectProperty from one class to a new class
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Ontology Evolution ,semantic Interoperation
& semantic web service (1/2)
Reference Ontology
Local Ontology
Information
Information
System A
System B
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Ontology Evolution ,semantic Interoperation
& semantic web service (2/2)
Problem 1: How to set
up the inherent
relationship between
Reference Ontology
Local Ontology
ontologies?
Problem 2:How to
realize the
interoperation
The evolution process conforms to
some restriction.
Keep information about evolution process .
Consistency predication algorithm
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Design goals for the models in
MMFI4 Ontology Registration
Structure of RO and LO
Evolution to get LO
Kernel Model (1st CD)
Evolution Rule Model
Evolution Information Model
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Reference Ontology and Local Ontology

Reference Ontology
– Specified by standard organizations
– Stable
– Component, Atomic Construct

Local Ontology
–
–
–
–
Used by information systems
Modification to Reference Ontology
Adding new Component
Adding new Atomic Construct
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Transformation and Composition
Transformation
No change to the skeleton of ontology
• New attributes/associations are added
• Changes to the restriction
• Basic changes
Composition
Some change to the skeleton of ontology
• New concepts are added to one ontology
• Concepts from different ontologies are
composed to get new ontology
• Complex changes
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Content

Background

Introduction of MMFI

MMFI4Ontology Registration

Future Work
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Intention of MMFI
Registering and sharing of various type of
the modeling constructs such as models,
ontologies, Identification scheme, Metadata or
Mapping transformation rules, rather than
standardizing the defining scheme for the
modeling constructs.
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Role of MMFI
( Wuhan University )
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Abstraction Layer
where MMFI Resides in
Core Model
inherit
M3
Metamodel Framework
inherit
M2
Metamodel
Metamodel
describe
Model
Modeling
Facility
refer
Common Data
Element
use
M1
Object Patterns
Modeling Constructs
M0
Values
Object
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Real World
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MMFI (Meta-Model Framework for
Interoperability)
MOF,ISO 11179(MDR)
Core Model
MMFI
(Meta-Model Framework
for Interoperability )
MMFI for Ontology
Registration
MMFI for Mapping
Metamodel Instance
MMFI for Modeling
Constructs
Interoperability,
Exchanging
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Universe Of Domain
MOF: Meta Object Facility from OMG
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MMFI Core Model
From ISO/IEC 19763－2
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MMFI4Ontology Registration
& MMFI Core Model
MMFI4Ontology
Registration
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MMFI4Mapping
Meta-meta model of MOF
Core Model
MMF for Model Mapping
Transformation
Trans Patterns
Relation
Trans Rule
•Upper level model lower level model
•Implementation modelcode model
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•Concept modelcode model
•Concept modelconcept model
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Overview of
MMFI4Ontology Registration
MMFI Core
MMFI4Ontology Registration
Kernel Model
Evolution Rule Model
Evolution Information
Model
Dependency
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MMFI4Ontology Registration
&MMFI4Mapping
Meta-meta model
of MOF
Core Model
Transformation
Trans Patterns
Relation
Trans Rule
MMFI4Ontology registration
MMFI4Mapping
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Content

Background

Introduction of MMFI

MMFI4Ontology Registration
– Models
– An example
– Ontology Mapping

Future Work
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Kernel Model
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Evolution Information Model
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Evolution Rule Model
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An example to show the registration of
ontology ,
evolution rule and evolution information
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Reference Ontology X
Physical quantity
Base quantity
1..*
describedBy
S1 base unit symbol
instanceOf
Length
Mass
describedBy
describedBy
describedBy
Time
m
kg
s
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From Annex A of MMFI4Ontology Registration 1st CD
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Reference Ontology Y
Physical quantity
disjoint
Derived quantity
instanceOf
Base quantity
describedBy
S1 derived unit special symbol
expressedBy
instanceOf
Energy
describedBy
S1 base unit symbol
instanceOf
J
expressedBy
m
kg
s
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From Annex A of MMFI4Ontology Registration 1st CD
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Local Ontology Z—evolved from X
and Y
Derived quantity
instanceOf
S1 derived unit special symbol
S1 base unit symbol
instanceOf
Energy
describedBy
instanceOf
expressedBy
Cal
m
describedBy
Base quantity
instanceOf
Length
kg
describedBy
sec
Time
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From Annex A of MMFI4Ontology Registration 1st CD
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Local Ontology W—evolved from X
and Y
Derived quantity
instanceOf
describedBy
S1 derived unit special symbol
1..1
instanceOf
instanceOf
expressedBy
describedBy
Force
S1 base unit symbol
Newton
kg
second
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Registration Information about
ontology –based on Kernel Model
Z: an ontology
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Registration Information about ontology
component--based on Kernel Model
LC1: an ontology component in Z
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Registration Information about atomic
construct--based on Kernel Model
sec: an atomic construct in Z
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Registration Information about Transformation
Rule—based on ER Model
TR_1: a transformation rule
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Registration Information about the Evolution
Rule on Atomic Construct
—based on ER Model
TRAC3: transformation rule applied on “Class”
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Evolution Information about Ontology—
based on EI Model
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Ontology Mapping based on
MMFI4Ontology Registration and
MMFI4Mapping
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Modification to concept &
change to concept’s extension
• Adding new attribute/ new association
– Shrinkage of extension
• Deleting attribute/ association
– Enlarge the extension
• Change the name of the concept
Extension of
concept
A
B
– No change to the extension
•…
A
A
B
/B
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Consistency—(1/2)
A
B
A
/B
A
B
Extension
of concept
B is consistent
with A
B is consistent
with A
B is
inconsistent
with A
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Consistency—(2/2)
Extension of concept
•M,N :consistent with R
•Can be mapped to each other
•Common part :Attributes from R
R
A
M
N
B
•M:inconsistent with R
•N :consistent with R
•Can be mapped to each other
•Common part: Attributes from M
R
M
N
C
R: Instance of
Reference Ontology.
M,N:Instance of
Local Ontology.
M
R
N
•M,N :inconsistent with R
•Can not be mapped
...
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Algorithm to predicate consistency between concepts
Begin
A
M is
consistent
with R?
Y
N
N
Systems based on
M and N can not
interoperate
Y
Systems based
on M and N
can
interoperate ,
using M to
communicate
B
N is
consistent
with R?
Y
Systems based on
M and N can
interoperate ,
using
R to
communicate
N
Simply enlarge
the extension of
the concepts?
Simply enlarge
the extension of
the concepts?
Y
Systems based on
M and N can
interoperate ,
using
N to
communicate
Y
N
N is
consistent
with R?
Systems based on
M and N can not
interoperate
N
Systems based on
M and N can not
interoperate
C
End
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Mapping between Z and W (1/2)
Constructs from X
Evolution Information
Ontology Z
Constructs from Y
New Atomic Constructs
Constructs from X
Evolution Rule
Constructs from Y
Ontology W
New Atomic Constructs
Not supported by MMFI4Ontology
Registration
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Mapping between Z and W (2/2)
Derived quantity
instanceOf
S1 derived unit special symbol
S1 base unit symbol
instanceOf
Energy
Base quantity
instanceOf
describedBy
expressedBy
Cal
m
instanceOf
describedBy
Length
kg
describedBy
sec
Decremental
Transformation
Time
Direct mapping
Equivalent
transformation
Derived quantity
instanceOf
describedBy
S1 derived unit special symbol
1..1
instanceOf
instanceOf
expressedBy
describedBy
Force
S1 base unit symbol
Newton
kg
second
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Algorithm to predicate consistency between
ontologies
List empty
No mapping to the
construct
Begin
Registration about
ontology Z & W
List of
atomic construct
in Z,W
Take one atomic
construct from W
(while List not empty)
Evolution information
about AC in W
Ancestor of AC in W
List empty
End
Take one atomic
construct from Z
Mapping
between atomic
constructs
( while List not empty)
Evolution information
about AC in Z
AC in Z=AC in W?
or ancestor relation
Yes
No
Ancestor of AC in Z
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Ontology management Workbench
based on MMFI4Ontology and MMFI4Mapping (future work)
Registration Facility
Ontology
Registry
Regsitration Info about
Reasoner
Mapping Registration
Facility
Rule
Registry
• Ontology,
• Evolution ,
• Ontology Mapping
Mapping
Registry
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Closer Look
MMFI4Ontology
Registration
Ontology
Registry
Registration Facility
Structural Info
Evolution Info
Rule
Registry
Evolution Rule
MMFI4Mapping
Mapping Registration
Facility
Mapping
between
ontologis
Algorithm to
predicate consistency
between concepts
Algorithm to
predicate
consistency
between ontologies
Reasoner
Mapping
Registry
Mapping info
about
ontologies
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Content

Background

Introduction of MMFI

MMFI4Ontology Registration

Future Work
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
Revision to Evolution Information Model and
Evolution Rule Model

Extend MMFI4Ontology Registration for
service ontology registry.
 MMFI4Ontology Registration based
evolutionary ontology management workbench.
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Any Question?
Thank you !
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
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