(Appendix)
Cool Earth－Innovative Energy Technology Program
Technology Development
Roadmap
○RD&D Roadmap
Milestones including elemental technologies to promote RD&D and the direction of RD&D for 21 Innovative
Technologies are developed on temporal axis. Relevant supporting technologies are also referred to.
Major performance targets of R&D
and expected timing of
accomplishment
2000
Power generation cost
2010
46 JPY/kWh
2020
23 JPY/kWh
2030
14 JPY/kWh
○Compound crystalline solar cell
Module production cost 〔conversion efficiency〕
2040
2050
7 JPY/kWh
●High-efficiency compound concentrating solar cell
50 JPY/W 〔40% at collection]
75 JPY/W 〔30% at collection]
- Multi-junction technology
Leap in efficiency
Supporting and related technologies
- System technologies (grid connection, batteries, etc.)
◆High-performance power storage
◆HEMS/BEMS/Local-level EMS
Innovative technologies
◆: Innovative technologies described in other area
○: Existing technologies
- : Elemental technologies, etc.
Italic: Direction of technology development
●:
Direction from RD&D toward diffusion
RD&D
Market introduction and diffusion
○ Introduction/diffusion scenario
Major steps to accomplish RD&D goals and related policies are summarized for 21 technologies.
① High-Efficiency Natural Gas Fired Power Generation
2000
2010
○Natural gas combined cycle power generation
2020
2030
●High-efficiency natural gas power generation
2040
2050
Leap in efficiency
52% (1500℃ class)
56% (1700℃ class)
60% (FC/GT hybrid power generation)
- Large-capacity high-temperature fuel cell (MCFC, etc.) technology
- Combined cycle power generation
- High-temperature gas turbine - High-load compressor, turbine technology
technology
- Advanced cooling, combustion and heat insulation technology
Net efficiency (HHV)
- Heat resistance material technology
- Advanced Humid Air Turbine technologies
Supporting and related technologies
◆Integrated coal gasification fuel cell combined cycle (IGFC)
◆Integrated coal gasification combined cycle (IGCC)
◆CO2 capture and storage
Introduction/diffusion scenario
High-efficiency
natural gas fired
power generation
While protecting the intellectual property rights, Japanese technologies, know-how and so forth will be provided to overseas power suppliers to meet the demands of
developed and developing nations where demands for power are expected to grow to promote diffusion of high-efficiency natural gas fired power generation in
overseas.
Hybrid SOFC (several hundred kW～)
System verification
FC/GT hybrid power
generation
Demonstration
Initial introduction
Diffusion
② High-Efficiency Coal Fired Power Generation
2000
2010
2020
2030
2040
2050
●Integrated coal gasification fuel cell combined cycle (IGFC)
Demonstration plant
(1000 t/d class)
Net efficiency (HHV)
55% (600 MW-class commercial generation)
65% (A-IGFC)
- Next-generation
IGFC
●Integrated coal gasification combined cycle (IGCC)
48% (1500℃ class, hot gas clean up)
41%
(250 MW demonstration plant)
50% (1700℃ class, hot gas clean up)
46% (1500℃ class, wet gas clean up)
Leap in efficiency
57% (A-IGCC)
- Next-generation IGCC
○Ultra super critical pressure coal power generation (USC) ●Advanced ultra super critical power generation (A-USC)
42% (600℃ class)
46% (700℃ class)
48% (750℃ class)
Supporting and related technologies
◆CO2 capture and storage
Introduction/diffusion scenario
IFCC
IGFC
A-USC
Verification by IGCC pilot and demonstration plants
Introduction as additional or replacement of coal fired power plants (IGCC, IGFC)
Verification and demonstration of FC system for IGFC
Introduction as replacement of existing coal fired power plants (A-USC)
Leap in efficiency
Leap in efficiency
③ Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage (CCS)
2000
2010
2020
2030
2040
●Separation and capture of CO2
4,200 JPY/t-CO2
Capture cost
2050
Drastic reduction of capture cost
2,000s JPY/t-CO2
1,000s JPY/t-CO2 (adoption of separation membrane on high-pressure gas)
1,500s JPY/t-CO2
addressed by practical
- Chemical absorption, Physical absorption/adsorption, Membrane separation,
use of separation
Utilization of unused low-grade exhaust heat to regenerate absorbent, etc.
membrane
- Size increase in separation membrane, Successive production
●Geological storage of CO2
Pilot study on geological storage
●Ocean sequestration of CO2 Leap in storage potential
Large-scale demonstration
Full-scale domestic implementation of underground storage
- Aquifer, Waste oil and gas field, Coal seam
- Dissolution and dilution,
- Transportation technologies
Deep-sea storage and sequestration, etc.
Supporting and related technologies
◆Integrated coal gasification fuel cell combined cycle (IGFC)
- Enhanced oil recovery (EOR)
- CO2 behavior analysis technologies
◆Integrated coal gasification combined cycle (IGCC)
- Monitoring technologies
◆High-efficiency natural gas fired power generation
地中貯留実証試験
排出源近傍大規模実証試験
地中貯留の国内本格実施
Introduction/diffusion scenario
Cost reduction of CO2 capture
Separation and capture
System
Large-scale system demonstration
Successive application making sure of legal system development and social acceptance
Environmental impact evaluation and public acceptance (including monitoring for protocol post closure )
Establishment of domestic laws, international rules, etc.
Others
Evaluation of storage potential
Reinforcement of international cooperation
④ Innovative Photovoltaic Power Generation
2000
Power generation cost
2010
46 JPY/kWh
2020
23 JPY/kWh
2030
14 JPY/kWh
2040
2050
7 JPY/kWh
●PV
with innovative structure/material
Theoretical efficiency 50% or higher
Leap in efficiency
Module conversion efficiency 40% or higher
-Ultra high-efficiency PV
such as quantum nanostructure
○Compound semiconductor PV
Module production cost 〔conversion efficiency〕
●High-efficiency compound semiconductor PV
50 JPY/W 〔40% at collection]
75 JPY/W 〔35% at collection]
- Multi-junction technology
Leap in efficiency
●Organic PV (dye-sensitized, thin-film organic)
ー JPY/W 〔6%〕
75 JPY/W 〔10%〕
50 JPY/W 〔15%〕 Drastic cost reduction and
expansion in popularization
- Multi-junction technology
○Single-junction
○Tandem thin-film Si PV
thin-film Si
PV
100 JPY/W 〔12%〕
●Ultra high-efficiency thin-film PV
75 JPY/W 〔14%〕
45 JPY/W 〔18%〕
75 JPY/W 〔18%〕
50 JPY/W 〔22%〕
- Multi-junction technology
○Thin-film CIS PV
○Crystalline Si PV
Drastic cost reduction
●Ultra-thin crystalline Si PV
100 JPY/W 〔16%〕
75 JPY/W 〔19%〕
50 JPY/W 〔22%〕
Drastic cost reduction
Supporting and related technologies
- System technologies (grid connection, batteries, etc.)
◆High-performance power storage
◆HEMS/BEMS/Local-level EMS
Introduction/diffusion scenario
Residential
Industrial
Overseas
Conventional grid connection
Medium-range community PV system
Introduction support by public authorities, etc.
Wide-area PV system
Market expansion support by RPS, etc.
In-building high-voltage connection system for captive consumption
SHS (Solar Home System)*Mini grid
* Small-scale system for houses in areas without electricity supply in developing nations
Very-Large-Scale Photovoltaic power generation (VLS-PV)
⑤ Advanced Nuclear Power Generation
2000
2010
2020
2030
2040
2050
●Fast reactor
Demonstration fast reactor
Experimental fast reactor “Joyo”
(O-arai-machi, Ibaraki)
Achieved initial criticality in 1977
and operating up to present.
Commercial fast reactor
Drastic improvement of efficiency of
uranium utilization
Substantial reduction in radioactive wastes
Prototype fast reactor
“Monju”
(Tsuruga-city, Fukui)
Under modification
●Next-generation light-water reactor Excellent economics, reliability and safety
○Proper utilization of existing reactors with increased safety
- For domestic replacement
- Expansion into international market as a
global standard reactor
- Shift to more effective inspections
- Steady management of substantial measures against aging
●Small and medium reactors
Expansion into international market (addressed by subjecting markets different from large
reactors such as the next-generation light-water reactor)
Supporting and related technologies
- Technologies for radioactive waste treatment and disposal
(including recycling of nuclear materials through reprocessing)
- Decommissioning technologies
Introduction/diffusion scenario
LWR
FR
Conceptual design and elemental
technology development
Achievements of development and Feasibility
study
operation in light-water reactors
FR Cycle Technology
Development (FaCT) Project
Feasibility Study on FR Cycle
Small and medium reactors
Detailed design, licensing, construction, etc.
Operation of next-generation light-water reactor
FR Cycle demonstration
1977 - Operation of experimental reactor “Joyo”  Operation of prototype reactor “Monju”
SMR
Next-generation light-water reactor
Designing and construction of
demonstration reactor
Commercialization of FR Cycle
Operation of
demonstration reactor
Designing and licensing on
commercial reactor
Construction of commercial reactor
(before 2050)
Development in international market
⑥ High-Efficiency Superconducting Transmission
2000
2010
100～500 m
（Bi-system）
AC66kV
(3-phase)
Length
High voltage
Large current
1 kA
Low loss
1 W/m/phase
＠1 kA
2020
Several hundred
meters ～1 km
Several km
AC66kV-class,
DC125kV-class
3～5 kA
(Triplex)
0.3 W/m/phase
＠3 kA
5～10 kA
(Single or Triplex)
2040
154～275kV
Several GJ
(with current-limiting function)
6.6 kV
10 MVA
Transformer
2030
●Y-system superconducting stabilization technology for power transmission
●Y-system superconducting●Y-system superconducting transformer
cable
ブッシング
冷却装置
Engineering Critical Current Density
Tape/Wire Cost
Je>300 A/mm2
8～12 JPY/A･m＠77K
Transformer
Je> 300～500 A/mm2
4～6 JPY/A･m＠77K
2～3 JPY/A･m＠77K
- Long Tape, Low Cost Technology
- High Efficiency in Cooling System, Scale-up, Cost Reduction
鉄心
超電導巻線
サブクール液体 窒素
Cable
○Bi-system Superconducting Tape
Je～150 A/mm2
20 JPY/A･m＠77K
Je～200 A/mm2
12 JPY/A･m＠77K
Je～250 A/mm2
6 JPY/A･m＠77K
○Nb-system wire
1 JPY/A･m＠4.2K
SMES for momentary outage compensation
Supporting and related technologies
- Cryocooler technology
- System management technology
- Electrical insulation technology
- Superconducting power generator (including wind power generator)
Introduction/diffusion scenario
Power cable
Industrial application cable
Power
transformer
On-vehicle transformer
Stabilization technology
for power transmission
Others
Micro SMES
Underground transmission in urban area
Distribution
transformer
For load change compensation
Long-distance transmission - Large-capacity transmission
System connection
transformer
Trunk system transformer
SMES for power system stabilization
Deregulation, Standardization, Human resource development
2050
⑦ Intelligent Transport System (ITS)
2000
2010
2020
2030
2040
●Automated driving, Vehicle platooning (highways)
2050
●Automated driving,
Cooperative driving
（Improved driving method）
- ECO driving route guidance system
- ECO driving control system utilizing car navigation system
- Real-time fuel
efficiency meter
- Adaptive cruise control (ACC)
●Traffic signal control using probe data
●Traffic signal linked ECO-driving
●Traffic signal linked green wave system
（Elimination of bottlenecks）
- Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) - Optimal control system on sag in the roads
- Autonomous Merging system
○Traffic flow improvement technologies
（Effective utilization of roads）
- Optimal route guidance system
- Vehicle information and communication
system (VICS)
- Parking information system
- Optimal leaving time prediction system (using probe data)
- Car navigation system
- Abnormal situation detection system (using probe data)
Supporting and related technologies
- CO2 reduction effect evaluation technology and monitoring technology
CO2 emission estimation hybrid traffic flow simulation technology,
Traffic condition monitoring technology using probe data,
CO2 emission estimation technology by driving situation
Introduction/diffusion scenario
Individual vehicles control
（ Personal vehicle ）
(Automatic engine stop)
Vehicle control
External
Information
Development of
Communication
Cooperative traffic flow control
Distant, white lines, host vehicle Road geometry
Traffic signal
(Traffic signal control using （Optimal control system Traffic signal-linked
on sag in the roads） ECO-driving
probe data )
(Cooprative driving on Ordinary roads)
Platoon information, Merging information, Surrounding environment
(Autonomous merging) (Vehicle platooning on expressways)
Vehicle to Infrastructure
communication
Inter-vehicle communications
Effect evaluation and monitoring technology, Standardization, Internationalization,
Systematization, Public outreach
Plan for Diffusion
⑧ Fuel Cell Vehicle (FCV)
2000
2010
2020
Traveling distance
300 km
400 km
800 km
Endurability
2,000 hours
3,000 hours
5,000 hours
Vehicle cost (vs. ICV)
20
3～5
1.2
●Fuel cell vehicles (FCV)
2030
Leap in cruising distance and drastic cost reduction
- Drastic improvement in hydrogen storage capacity
- Reduction in rare metal content, development of Non-rare metal catalysts
Supporting and related technologies
◆Fuel cell (PEFC)
・Hybrid vehicle
◆Hydrogen production, transport and supply
・Vehicle body weight reduction
◆Intelligent transport system
Introduction/diffusion scenario
Active introduction in public service vehicles
Large-scale social demonstration
Full-scale diffusion of fuel cell vehicles
Standardization
Establishment and safety measures for hydrogen supply infrastructure,
institution review and legal system development
2040
2050
⑨ Plug-In Hybrid Vehicle (PHEV) and Electric Vehicle (EV)
2000
2010
Battery capacity
(vs. current level)
2020
1 time
1 time
Battery cost
Traveling distance
on a full charge
1/2
2030
1.5 times
3 times
7 times
1/7
1/10
1/40
200 km
500 km
130 km
2040
2050
●Electric vehicle (EV)
- Improvement of battery performance
- Development of post-Li ion batteries
Leap in cruising distance
Drastic cost reduction
●Plug-in hybrid vehicle (PHEV)
- Improvement of Li ion battery performance
Supporting and related technologies
◆Intelligent transport system
- Vehicle weight reduction
◆High-performance power storage (Li ion battery, high-performance capacitor, Post Li ion battery)
- Hybrid vehicle
◆Power electronics
- Alternative material of rare metal
Introduction/diffusion scenario
Public service vehicles,
Commuters EV for limited-use
Commuter EV
Full-spec EV
Plug-in hybrid vehicle
Establishment of charging infrastructures
⑩ Production of Transport Biofuel
2000
2010
(Alternative fuel of Diesel)
2020
2030
○GTL (Gas to Liquid)
○CTL (Coal to Liquid)
2040
●BTL (Biomass to Liquid)
Drastic cost reduction and high-efficiency improvement
- FT(Fisher-Tropsch Process) technology, DME technology
- Butanol fermentation
- Bio Hydrofined Diesel
- Gasification technology
-The securing of short rotation crops by domestic product
and international cooperation
- Small, high-efficiency liquefaction technology
○Bio-diesel fuel (BDF)
(Alternative fuel of Gasoline)
○Ethanol production from sugar, starch, etc.
●Ethanol production from cellulose
- ETBE production
100 JPY/L (From rice straw ,waste wood, etc.)
-Improvement of process
40 JPY/L (From short rotation crops)
(Pretreatment, saccharification, conversion to ethanol)
Drastic cost reduction and high volume production
-Development technologies for microorganisms and enzyme
-Development of new short rotation crops
with high-efficiency photosynthetic capacity
Supporting and related technologies
◆Fuel cell vehicles (FCV)
- Clean diesel vehicles Equivalent emission and cost to gasoline vehicles
- Combination vehicles of flex fuel vehicles (FFV) and hybrid vehicles
Introduction/diffusion scenario
Ethanol / ETBE production
Ethanol production from cellulose
BDF production
GTL production
Direct synthesis of DME
Spread promotion by demonstration
Establishment legal system for quality assurance of biofuel
Spread promotion of diesel engine
CTL production
BTL production
2050
⑪ Innovative Material, Production and Processing Technology
2000
2010
2020
(Glass production process)
2030
2040
●Innovative glass melting process
2050
Leap in efficiency
Small melter
Large melter
- Glass melter automatic control technology
Scale-up
technology
- High-efficiency oxygen production technology
- Simulation technology
- In-flight melting technology utilized plasma, etc.
- High-efficiency cullet heating technology, etc.
(Non-ferrous metal materials production process)
●High performance titanium alloy production process
Industrialization of new smelting process
- High performance titanium alloy design technology
- Molding process technology - New smelting scale increase technology
(Chemical process)
●Bio refinery technology
Mass production, cost reduction and
material conversion of oil for various substances
●Water processing by innovative
separation membrane system
(Other industries)
Drastic energy saving and application expansion
- Development of new energy-saving separation membrane materials
- Establishment of water processing technology using energy-saving separation membrane
(Material technologies and innovative design technologies for
energy saving in transport devices such as airplanes)
●Energy saving material and design
technology for transport devices Drastic energy saving in airplanes , other transport devices and so forth
- Carbon fiber composite material technology
- Next-generation structural part production/processing technology
- Environmentally–friendly, small aircraft engine
- Development of thermoplastic carbon fiber composite material
- Technology to enable gradient functions with optimal thermo-mechanical treatment
(Cross-cutting energy saving technologies)
●Co-production
- Next-generation gasification
(exergy recuperation-type)
technology
- Autothermal regeneration
industrial process
●Steam generation heat pump
Leap in efficiency
Next-generation coal gasification
power generation (A-IGCC/A-IGFC)
Leap in application
- Steam generation by utilization
- COP improvement for low-temperature steam heat pump
of air-source
COP 3.0, 120℃ steam
COP 4.0
- Temperature increase in generated steam
Introduction/diffusion scenario
Innovative glass
melting process
New titanium forging
technology
Development of energy-saving
technologies regarding glass melting
and forming process
Technology development
regarding titanium smelting
and molding process
Small-scale practical
application
New heat collection and
utilization system
Medium-scale practical
application
Small-scale practical application
Large-scale practical application
Large-scale practical application
Development of new energy saving or resource saving processing technologies
Increase in the number of key materials, general purpose chemical products, etc. using bioprocesses
Bio refinery
Increased number of products made from biomass materials
Increased distribution of biomass-derived chemical products
Water processing by
innovative separation
membrane system
Carbon fiber composite
material technology
Development of membrane pore orientation
control technology
Technology to add functions to improve water permeability
Development of endurance (pressure resistance,
chemical resistance) improvement technologies
Technology development related to forming
process and ensuring thunder resistance
in carbon fiber composite material
Co-production
Practical application and diffusion of energy-saving membrane separation water processing system
Practical application
in small jet liners
Application in other transport devices, etc.
Reduction of exergy loss in industrial processes
Improvement in compressor performance
Steam generation
heat pump
Practical application of steam
generation (approx. 120℃)
HP using exhaust heat
Co-production of power and materials (hydrogen, etc.)
Practical application and popularization of steam generation HP with increased steam temperature
Improvement in heat exchange parts
Development of working fluid
Expansion in application range by high performance
⑫ Innovative Iron and Steel Making Process
2000
2010
COURSE50*1
2020
(step 2)
PhaseⅠ(step 1)
2030
2040
2050
Industrial application/diffusion
PhaseⅡ
●Innovative Iron and Steel making process
*1: CO2 Ultimate Reduction in Steelmaking Process by Innovative Technology for Cool Earth 50
- Blast furnace gas circulation technology
- Hydrogen amplification technology
- Iron ore hydrogen reduction technology
●CO2 separation and capture technology
○Energy saving technologies
- Next-generation coke production technology (SCOPE21*2)
- High temperature waste heat recovery
*2: Super Coke Oven for Productivity and Environmental
enhancement toward the 21th century
- Medium- to low-temperature waste heat recovery
(blast furnace top pressure recovery turbine (TRT), new establishment of coke dry quench facility (CDQ), etc.)
- Facility efficiency increase (high-efficiency oxygen plant, power generation turbine improvement, etc.)
- Operation efficiency increase (reduction in reducing agent ratio, steel products temperature management, etc.)
- Effective utilization of waste plastic, etc. (substitution for coking coal, gasified gas utilization)
Introduction/diffusion scenario
Process innovation
Process efficiency increase
PCI, CNC, etc.
Continuous operation, AI, CNC, etc.
By-product gas utilization
Gas holder operation, ACC
Waste heat recovery
TRT, CDQ, etc.
Waste utilization
Innovative iron and steel making process
SCOPE-21
Continuous efficiency increase promotion
H2 supply
Separation and capture of CO2
Regeneration burner, etc.
Medium to low temperature waste heat recovery
Waste plastic and tires
Biomass
⑬ High-Efficiency House and Building
2000
2010
2020
2.7 W/m2･K
Heat loss coefficient
2030
2040
2050
1.6 W/m2･K
●High heat insulation and shielding houses and buildings
Remarkable advance in heat
insulation performance
Leap in heat insulation performance
- Low thermal conductivity insulators
- Vacuum insulation wall
- Vacuum insulation window
- Window glass with low
coefficient of heat transmission
- Light control glass
- Solar shading
- Low vacuum heat insulation technology
- Multi-ceramic layer heat insulation material technology
Thermal conductivity 0.002 W/m･K, Heat transmittance 0.3 W/m2･K (super insulation wall)
Thermal conductivity 0.003 W/m･K, Heat transmittance 0.4 W/m2･K (super insulation window)
- Development and cost reduction of externally
insulation control system
○Highly airtight housing and building
- Heat exchange
ventilation system
- Indoor air improvement technology
(VOC absorption building materials, moisture adjustment building materials)
○Passive houses and buildings
- Natural ventilation
- Utilization of natural light
- Heat storage
Supporting and related technologies
◆HEMS /BEMS/Local-level EMS
Introduction/diffusion scenario
Insulation wall/window easy construction system
Technologies to utilize insulation walls and windows (structure, design and construction)
Diffusion of energy-saving housing by financing, tax system, etc.
Establishment, expansion and diffusion of housing performance indication system, etc.
⑭ Next-Generation High-Efficiency Lighting
2000
2010
2020
2030
●Organic EL lighting
Light emission efficiency
Life
15 lm/W
1,000 hours
100 lm/W
2040
2050
●Next-generation lighting
200 lm/W
60,000 hours
- Micro cavity light emission,
cluster light emission,
light storage technology,
optical transmission technology, etc.
●High-efficiency LED lighting
65 lm/W
40,000 hours
100 lm/W
200 lm/W
60,000 hours
- Area lighting system using light sensor/human detection sensor
○Incandescent lamp
○High-efficiency fluorescent lamp
15 lm/W, 1,000～2,000 hours
50～100 lm/W, 10,000 hours
Supporting and related technologies
◆HEMS /BEMS/Local-level EMS
Introduction/diffusion scenario
Individual
houses
Creation of initial demands by subsidiary, tax system reform, etc.
Industrial
Effective management with top-runner method
Overseas
Active promotion of cooperation to developing nations
⑮ Stationary Fuel Cell
2000
2010
2020
2030
2040
2050
(PEFC)
System cost (stationary, JPY per kW)
4 – 5 million
Approx. 700,000
500,000
<400,000
36%, 90,000 hours
Power generation efficiency (HHV), durability 32%, 40 thousand hours
(SOFC)
Small-capacity cogeneration
Power generation efficiency (HHV),
Durability, System cost
40%, 40,000 hours
1 million JPY/kW
Medium-capacity cogeneration
GT/FC combined power generation
* Cost for household products are estimated
including hot water storage tank
>40%, 90,000 hours,
<250,000 JPY/kW (*for household use: 300,000～400,000 JPY)
>45%, 90,000 hours, <200,000 JPY/kW
42%, 40,000 hours, 1 million JPY/kW
60%, 40,000 hours
>60%, 90,000 hours
several hundred thousand JPY/kW
<10,000 JPY/kW
●Polymer-Electrolyte Fuel Cell (PEFC)
Drastic cost reduction
- High temperature, low humidity, robust development technology
- Reduction of platinum content, etc.
- Non-humidified MEA, Non-platinum/low oxygen overvoltage catalyst, etc.
Household cogeneration
For automobiles (auxiliary power supply, power train)
●New direct Polymer-Electrolyte membrane Fuel Cell (PEFC)
Drastic cost reduction
- Stable anion membrane, Medium-temperature electrolyte
- Bio fuel (direct)
- Nonmetal air electrode, Nonmetal fuel electrode
- Direct ammonia
●Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC)
Small-scale cogeneration
Medium-scale to large-scale power generation
- Separation and capture of CO2
●Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC)
Small-scale cogeneration
○Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell (PAFC)
Drastic lifetime extension and cost reduction
Drastic lifetime extension and cost reduction
Medium-scale to large-scale power generation
- Separation and capture of CO2
Diffusion expansion
Commercial cogeneration, Industrial cogeneration
Introduction/diffusion scenario
Introduction and Diffusion of Fuel Cell Vehicles (FCV)
Polymer-Electrolyte Fuel Cell (PEFC)
Diffusion of fuel cell cogeneration (commercial/industrial)
Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC)
High-efficiency bio-gas power generation
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC)
Promotion of international standard
Output increase
(several MW)
GT/FC composite power generation
⑯ Ultra High-Efficiency Heat Pump
2000
2010
Cost (vs. current level)
Device efficiency (vs. current level)
(Annual Performance Factor)
2020
2030
2040
2050
1
0.75
0.5
1
1.5
2
* Reference value: Air conditioning and heating APF 6.6 (2.8 kW)
Hot water supply rated COP 5.1
- Next-generation coolant technology
- High-efficiency compressor technology
- Expansion work recovery technology
●Ultra high-efficiency heat pump for air conditioning
(Air conditioning)
Leap in efficiency
- High-efficiency heat recovery technology (simultaneous supply of cold energy and heat)
- New air conditioning method such as chemical HP
- Low ambient temperature addressing technology - Next-generation ground source utilization technology
(including very cold district)
(Room heating)
●Ultra high-efficiency heat pump for
dual purpose of heating and hot water supply
Leap in efficiency
- Heat pump technology
for snow melting
(Hot water Supply)
- Ultra high-efficiency heat exchange
technology
- Next-generation latent/sensible heat storage technologies
- Exhaust heat utilization technology
for exhaust heat from ventilation and human sewage
●Ultra high-efficiency heat recovery type heat
pump for multiple purposes including air
conditioning, and hot water supply
Drastic improvement in convenience and cost reduction
Supporting and related technologies
◆HEMS/BEMS/Local-level EMS
High-efficiency motor, Inverter technology, Control by forecasting technology, High flux heat removal technology, Material/processing technology, etc.
Introduction/diffusion scenario
Subsidiary, preferential treatment in tax system
Diffusion promotion by top-runner program
Research and development with industry-academia-government cooperation
Information provision to public
International cooperation promotion though IEA etc.
⑰ High-Efficiency Information Device and System
2000
2010
(TV)
2020
2030
2040
●High-efficiency Back Light technology (LCD)
Drastic power consumption reduction
5.3 kWh/year・inch
Annual power consumption
2.7 kWh/year・inch
1.6 kWh/year・inch
●Organic EL display
(LCD TV size 52V)
Energy saving in individual information devices
- Larger screen area
- Light emission
efficiency improvement
- Lifetime extension
70 lm/W
50,000 hours
(Information and telecommunication devices)
●Energy-saving information & communication devices
Drastic power consumption reduction
Drastic expansion in popularization
- Ultra high recording density HDD
- Large-capacity optical communication network technology, power saving router/switch technology
30% reduction in power consumption
●Energy-saving information and communication system (server, data center, etc.)
Energy saving for the entire network system
- Cooling technology, Energy management technology
- Virtualization technology, energy saving network architecture
(Next-generation semiconductor devices)
Line width (nm) 90
65
●Ultra low power consumption semiconductors
45
32
22
16
14
11
- Heterogeneous multi-core technology
- Ultra low power circuit/system technology
- Microfabrication technology
- Circuit design technology, Transistor with new structure
Supporting and related technologies
◆ HEMS/BEMS/Local-level EMS
- High-efficiency motor and motor control technology, High-efficiency DC/DC converter technology, DC power supply/distribution technology, etc.
- SiC, GaN high-efficiency inverter
Introduction/diffusion scenario
Technology
development
System
Promotion of energy saving technology development
with industry-academia-government cooperation
Green IT promotion council
Enlightening and diffusion of environmental IT business management
visualization of environmental contribution by IT in the entire society
Diffusion promotion by top-runner program, etc.
Holding of international symposium
Reduction in social load by IT society, how environmental IT business
management should be implemented, transmission of development of energy
saving innovative technologies to domestic and international society
2050
⑱ HEMS/BEMS/Local-Level EMS
2000
2010
2020
2030
2040
2050
●Local-level EMS (Energy Management System)
- Application of HEMS/BEMS technology
- Organic combined technology with HEMS/BEMS and local heat/electricity supply
- Coordination with autonomous local energy demand and supply system
- Local area EMS
- Block-level EMS
- Cluster type (local-/city-level) EMS
●HEMS (Home Energy Management System)
- Telecommunication hardware
- In-house sensor network
- Micro sensing technology
technology
- Renewable energy integration - Energy (electricity/heat) storage system integration
- Middleware technology
- Energy demand and supply analysis
- Energy saving technologies such ad DC power supply
/forecasting technology
- Energy saving cooperation and control by living activity forecasting technology
●BEMS (Building Energy Management System)
- Application of HEMS technology
- High efficiency, power saving BEMS - Next-generation ultra energy saving BEMS
- Integrated/flexible BEMS
Supporting and related technologies
◆Next-generation high◆Innovative photovoltaic power generation
efficiency lighting
◆Advanced Li ion battery
◆Energy-conserving information
◆High heat insulation and shielding houses and buildings
devices and systems
◆Power electronics
Introduction/diffusion scenario
HEMS
Individual development of communication hardware,
middleware and sensor technology
Local-level EMS connected distributed power supply, Photovoltaic power generation, etc.
BEMS
Diffusion of ESCO projects, Development in energy saving businesses such as EPS, Further efficiency and IT development in commercial and household devices
⑲ High-Performance Power Storage
2000
(For vehicles)
2010
2020
2030
2040
Energy density
70～100 Wh/kg
150 Wh/kg
200 Wh/kg
500 Wh/kg
Cost
200,000 JPY/kWh
30,000 JPY/kWh
20,000 JPY/kWh
5,000 JPY/kWh
(For stationary use)
Lifetime
Cost
10 years
20 years
40,000 JPY/kWh
15,000 JPY/kWh
2050
●Batteries with new concept/principle
Drastic performance improvement and cost reduction
・Metal-air battery, etc.
●Advanced Li ion battery
For Mobile device
For Hybrid vehicle
○NＡS battery, Redox flow battery
Drastic performance improvement and cost reduction
- Li metal battery, LiS battery, etc.
For Plug-in hybrid vehicle and electric vehicle
Stabilization of wind power/photovoltaic power generation
For load leveling, improvement of power quality, load change compensation
○Ni metal hydride battery
○Advanced Ni hydrogen battery
Hybrid vehicle
Mobile devices
Stabilization of wind power/photovoltaic power generation
○Capacitor
●Capacitors based on new concept
For memory maintenance, etc.
Automobile accessory assistance
Automobile power train assistance
Power quality improvement
Stabilization of wind power/photovoltaic power generation
- Electric dual-layer capacitor, Hybrid capacitor, etc.
- Hybrid with storage battery
Drastic performance improvement and cost reduction
Supporting and related technologies
◆HEMS/BEMS/Local-level EMS
Introduction/diffusion scenario
For vehicles
Public vehicles,
Commuters EV for limited-use
General Commuter EV
Full-spec EV
Plug-in HV vehicle
For stationary
use
Load leveling
Power quality improvement
Load change
compensation
Stabilization of wind power
/photovoltaic power generation
Local-level EMS
⑳ Power Electronics
2000
2010
2020
2030
2040
2050
●Diamond power device
410 mm
Wafer diameter
Wafer dislocation density 105 cm-2
- Extension of wafer diameter
- Reduction of wafer defect
(dislocation density)
- Improvement of
- ON resistance reduction
/voltage resistance
2 inch
103 cm-2
3 inch
102 cm-2
4 inch
10 cm-2
●GaN-type power device
2 inch
105 cm-2
3 inch
4 inch
5 inch
104 cm-2
103 cm-2
●SiC power device
100mm
4H-SiC single crystal
3 inch
104 cm-2
4 inch
103 cm-2
6 inch
102 cm-2
50 cm-2
10 cm-2
●High-efficiency inverter/converter
- Ultra low loss SiC switching device
(normally-off type MOSFET)
- Advanced inverter/converter design technology
Supporting and related technologies
◆HEMS /BEMS/Local-level EMS
Introduction/diffusion scenario
Information devices, Household appliances, Distributed power supply, Industrial devices, Large power devices
Si
Power distribution devices
(Switching device)
Information devices
(Rectification device)
GaN-type
Household appliances, Distributed power supply,
Wireless base station (Switching device)
Laser in vehicle, etc.
Information devices – Power distribution meters
Diamond
21
Hydrogen Production, Transport and Storage
2000
Hydrogen price
Household appliances, Distributed power supply,
Industrial devices, Automobiles, Electric railway
Information devices
(Rectification device)
SiC
2010
150 JPY/Nm3
2020
80 JPY/Nm3
2030
- Hydrogen production
from fossil fuels
-Hydrogen production
by renewable energy utilization
●Hydrogen transport technology
- Compressed hydrogen transport
- Liquid hydrogen transport
Drastic cost reduction
- Hydrogen fermentation,
Photocatalyst, etc.
Drastic transport efficiency improvement
and safety improvement
High-pressure transport 7 JPY/Nm3, Liquid transport 3 JPY/Nm3
- Pipeline transport
- Organic hydride transport
●Hydrogen storage technology
- Ultra high pressure container
- Liquid hydrogen container
2050
40 JPY/Nm3
●Hydrogen production technology
- Water electrolysis
2040
- Hydrogen storage materials
(alloy/inorganic/carbon-type, etc.)
Drastic advances, cost reduction,
and endurance and safety improvement
- Clathrate, Organic metal structures, Organic hydride, etc.
Supporting and related technologies
Hydrogen supply technology
（Small Refueling station, Parallel establishment with gas station, Local and National-scale hydrogen supply system)
◆Fuel cell vehicle (FCV)
◆Fuel cells for fixed installation
Introduction/diffusion scenario
Hydrogen from fossil fuels, By-product hydrogen, Water electrolysis
Hydrogen from renewable energy (Photovoltaic/wind power generation, biomass, etc).
Innovative product of hydrogen
Hydrogen fermentation, photocatalyst, etc.
Establishment and safety measures for hydrogen supply infrastructure,
System review, Legal system development and promotion of standardization

Selected and Waiting List of Weavers/Artisans/Society for