＜March. 200４>
Doc.：IEEE802.15-04/0094r0-mmwi
Project: IEEEP802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Network(WPAN)
Submission Title: [Study on mm wave propagation characteristics to realize WPANs ]
Date Submitted: [March 2004]
Revised: []
Source: [Akira Akeyama & see slide 2]
Company [NTT Advanced Technology Corp.]
Address [3-9-11, Midori-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180-0012, Japan]
Voice [+81(422) 51-9811], Fax [+81(422) 56-7676],
E-mail [[email protected]]
Re: [Millimeter wave propagation characteristics]
Abstract: [60 and 70GHz-bands propagation characteristics in indoor environment are
presented in this document ]
Purpose: [Contribute to mm wave interest group for WPANs]
Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for
discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual or organization. The material in this
document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor reserves the
right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein.
Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of
IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15.
Submission
Slide1
Akira Akeyama, NTT-AT
＜March. 200４>
Doc.：IEEE802.15-04/0094r0-mmwi
Study on mm wave propagation characteristics
in indoor environment
The following individuals support this proposal as co-authors:
Toshiyuki Hirose (Siemens k.k.)
Kouichi Sakamoto (Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd.)
Ami Kanazawa (Communications Research Laboratory)
Submission
Slide2
Akira Akeyama, NTT-AT
＜March. 200４>
Doc.：IEEE802.15-04/0094r0-mmwi
Study on mm wave propagation characteristics to realize WPANs
60GHz-Band is expected to realize a very high rate transmission system. In
this document, several propagation characteristics are presented for the
promotion of new system proposals.
Content
￭ Indoor propagation loss characteristics
￭ Level fluctuation caused by human movements
￭ Delay spread in indoor environments
This measurement results are a summary of the experimental works done in a
collaboration research project for Millimeter-wave Ad-Hoc communication in
YRP.
Submission
Slide3
Akira Akeyama, NTT-AT
＜March. 200４>
Doc.：IEEE802.15-04/0094r0-mmwi
Propagation Path Image
Office
Home/Cafeteria
オフィス
Train/Bus
Conference
Submission
Slide4
Akira Akeyama, NTT-AT
＜March. 200４>
Doc.：IEEE802.15-04/0094r0-mmwi
Measurement Parameters
Indoor propagation characters are affected by furnishing, furniture and PC tools.
Propagation loss and Delay-Distance characteristics in both LOS and NLOS are
presented.
60GHz band
Frequency
62.5GHz
V Plane
Horn Antenna
Polarity
Antenna
10ｄBi(60°), 16(30°), 22(15°)
100ｃｍ
Antenna Height
TEST Equipment
Submission
70GHz
2 dBm
Tx Power
Gain
70GHz band
Vector Network Analyzer
Slide5
Akira Akeyama, NTT-AT
＜March. 200４>
Doc.：IEEE802.15-04/0094r0-mmwi
Propagation Loss in a Home Environment
0
linear (vertical)
linear (horizontal)
circular
Wall 1
Wall
1
Room 2
Wall 2
-30
Room 2
-40
Room 1
-50
-60
-70
-80
Kitchen
Wall 2
Room
1
-20
Room 3
Wall 1
received power [dBm]
-10
２
1
３
４
５
10
RX distance from TX [m]
Room 3
n
L  f d    Ai
Living room
i 1
：propagation loss
d ：propagation distance
f d ：free space propagation loss
Ai ：transparency loss of each wall
L
An example of propagation at 60GHz loss in a home environment
Submission
Slide6
Akira Akeyama, NTT-AT
＜March. 200４>
Doc.：IEEE802.15-04/0094r0-mmwi
Complex permittivity measuring system
To calculate the reflection and transmission characteristics from/through the
building material, the complex permittivity of construction materials are
indispensable.
Transmitter Antenna
Receiver Antenna
Incident Angle
Wooden made Arch
θ θ
θ
Material under Test
Radius
1 1m
Reference Plane
Adjuster
Styrene Foam Absorber
Submission
Slide7
Akira Akeyama, NTT-AT
＜March. 200４>
Doc.：IEEE802.15-04/0094r0-mmwi
Reflection Coefficient
Reflection and Transparency Coefficient
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
TE
TM
TE (theory)
TM (theory)
0
20
40
60
80
Angle of Incidence [degrees]
Transparency loss [dB]
0
Plaster board (Ceiling material)
-5
-10
-15
-20
-25
-30
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
Frequency [GHz]
Submission
Slide8
Akira Akeyama, NTT-AT
＜March. 200４>
Doc.：IEEE802.15-04/0094r0-mmwi
Complex Permittivity
A-F: Actual value calculated by Reflection coefficient and Transparency coefficient
G-K: Effective value calculated by only Reflection coefficient
Construction Material
62GHz
70GHz
A
Glass (Normal type)
6.24-0.17i
6.16-0.13i
B
Glass (Infrared absorption type)
6.43-0.15i
6.45-0.16i
C
Glass (Infrared reflection type)
6.30-0.15i
6.14-1.67i
D
Glass (with wire netting)
6.08-1.27i
6.25-0.17i
E
Plaster board (Wall)
2.17-0.01i
2.66-0.02i
F
Plaster board (Ceiling)
2.48-0.03i
2.43-0.04i
G
Marble（Bianco carrara）
7.90-0.05i
7.40-0.04i
H
Granite (Caledonia)
4.85-1.42i
4.49-1.29i
I
Granite (Zimbabwe black)
6.75-0.52i
7.00-0.50i
J
Lawn of grass (Dry)
1.00-0.004i
1.00-0.006i
K
Lawn of grass (Wet)
1.00-0.004i
1.00-0.006i
Submission
Slide9
Akira Akeyama, NTT-AT
＜March. 200４>
Doc.：IEEE802.15-04/0094r0-mmwi
Furniture’s Existence Probability
本箱 14%
Bookcase
7% エアコン
Air-conditioner
12% Wardrobe
タンス
Shelf
棚 10%
エアコン
タンス
テーブル類
ハンガー
ピアノ
5%
ベッド、ソファ
ラック
5%
11%
1%
1%
3%
3%
家電（大小）
植物
他
棚
本棚
28% ラック
Rack
図4.2-1　什器類の利用頻度分布調査結果
Submission
Slide10
Akira Akeyama, NTT-AT
＜March. 200４>
Doc.：IEEE802.15-04/0094r0-mmwi
Transparency Loss of Furniture
Furniture
Empty
Stuffed
Wardrobe
12.1 dB
25.9
Hanger
0.7
10.8
Bookcase
7.3
28.6
TV Set
dB
22.9
Measured：６０GHｚ band
Submission
Slide11
Akira Akeyama, NTT-AT
＜March. 200４>
Doc.：IEEE802.15-04/0094r0-mmwi
Propagation Characteristics above
the Desk Surface
-60
Path loss (dB)
-70
-80
-90
-100
-110
Height pattern
-120
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
0.14
TX-RX height (meter)
Loss ( two wave model)
Submission
Slide12
loss without desk
Measurements
Akira Akeyama, NTT-AT
＜March. 200４>
Doc.：IEEE802.15-04/0094r0-mmwi
Submission
Fading range
Cumulative probability [%]
Received Power Level Fluctuation -LOS-
Slide13
Akira Akeyama, NTT-AT
＜March. 200４>
Doc.：IEEE802.15-04/0094r0-mmwi
Measurement Scenery
h=2.05m
Path A
Path B
★
h=1.05m
Relative level (dB)
LoS path
10
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
f:70.0GHz
ht,hr:1.05m
Ant.:Horn(15deg)
d:7.3m
one person goes across the LoS
0
Submission
Slide14
1
2
3
Time (sec)
4
5
Akira Akeyama, NTT-AT
＜March. 200４>
Doc.：IEEE802.15-04/0094r0-mmwi
The path interruption occurrence in hour (N)
The Total Fade Duration per Hour
B
Ti 
N
v
400
350
300
offices
exhibition hall
250
200
Ti：Total fade duration
150
B : Average body size
100
Mean fade
duration
v : Walking speed of persons
N=260Dp
50
N : The number of path interruption
0
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
The number of persons per square meter (Dp)
Submission
Slide15
Akira Akeyama, NTT-AT
Doc.：IEEE802.15-04/0094r0-mmwi
Delay Spread -Office-
RMS Delay（ns）
＜March. 200４>
8
60GHzTx60°Rx15°
60GHｚTx60°Rx30°
60GHｚTx60°Rx60°
７0GHｚTx60°Rx15°
6
７0GHｚTx60°Rx30°
７0GHｚTx60°Rx60°
LOS
4
2
0
RMS Delay (ns)
1
2
Slide16
5
7
10
Distance（ｍ）
60GHzTx60°Rx15°
60GHzTx60°Rx30°
Tx60°Rx30°
60GHzTx60°Rx60°
Tx60°Rx60°
70GHzTx60°Rx15°
Tx60°Rx15°
Tx60°Rx30°
70GHzTx60°Rx30°
Tx60°Rx60°
70GHzTx60°Rx60°
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
3
Submission
3
7
14
18
NLOS
10
14
18
Ｄｉｓｔａｎｃｅ（ｍ）
Akira Akeyama, NTT-AT
＜March. 200４>
Doc.：IEEE802.15-04/0094r0-mmwi
Delay Spread -CafeteriaDelay Spread (ns)
8
6
Antenna
BW : 15°
BW : 60°
4
2
0
Submission
Freq.:70GHz
NLoS
0
2
4
6 8
Distance (m)
Slide17
Akira Akeyama, NTT-AT
＜March. 200４>
Doc.：IEEE802.15-04/0094r0-mmwi
Delay Spread -Train Environment-
Tx
Rx
Delay Profile
Delay Spread [ns]
15
V pol.
H pol.
C pol.
10
5
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Halfpower Beam Width [deg]
70
Delay Spread
Submission
Slide18
Akira Akeyama, NTT-AT
＜March. 200４>
Doc.：IEEE802.15-04/0094r0-mmwi
Summary
・Propagation loss
Total loss = Free space loss + Obstacle loss
Obstacle loss and complex permittivity were measured
Path above the desk : Clear height pattern was observed
・Level fluctuation due to human movements
LOS : Fading range (10%-90%) was about 1dB
NLOS : Path interruption rate was measured
・Delay spread in indoor environments
LOS (NLOS) : RMS delay spread < 10ns (Directional Ant.)
Submission
Slide19
Akira Akeyama, NTT-AT
＜March. 200４>
Doc.：IEEE802.15-04/0094r0-mmwi
Reference
[1]T.Suzuki, et al, “Millimeter-wave Ad-Hoc Wireless Access System-(9)RMS
Delay Measurements In Indoor Radio Channels-“TSMMW2002,p-9(2002-03)
[2]N.Sakamoto, et al, “Indoor propagation Experiment at 60GHz and 70GHz-A
study of propagation characteristic in an office environment-“ TECNICAL
REPORT OF IEICE.RCS2002-3001,pp157-162(2003-03)
[3]N.Kuribayashi, et al, “Millimeter-wave Ad-Hoc Wireless Access SystemⅡ-(4)
(4)Receiving Power Time Variation Characteristics in 70GHz Band Indoor
Propagation–“ TSMMW2003,2-4,(2003-03)
[4]F.Ohkubo, et al, “Millimeter-wave Ad-Hoc Wireless Access SystemⅡ(5)Statistical characteristic of shadowing loss due to human movement –
“ TSMMW2003,2-5,(2003-03)
[5]N.Kuribayashi, et al, “Millimeter-wave Ad-Hoc Wireless Access System(8)60GHz Band propagation Loss Characteristics Along the Surface of
Wooden/Metallic Desk Planes-“ TSMMW2002,p-8(2002-03)
[6]T.Hirose, et al, “Millimeter-wave Ad-Hoc Wireless Access System-(7) Strict
Solution of Fresnel Zone Radius and Visibility Estimation-“ TSMMW2002,p8(2002-03)
Submission
Slide20
Akira Akeyama, NTT-AT
＜March. 200４>
Doc.：IEEE802.15-04/0094r0-mmwi
Continue
[7]A.Akeyama, et al, “Propagation Characteristics in Indoor Environments”
2003 IEEE Topical Conference on Wireless Communication Technology
(TCWCT2003)
[8] A. Kanazawa, D. Ushiki, and H. Ogawa, "Practical Propagation Measurements for
Millimeter-wave Ad-hoc Wireless System", WPMC2003, vol.2, pp. 507-511, Oct. 2003.
[9] A. Kanazawa, N. Sakamoto, and H. Ogawa, "Propagation Measurements for
Millimeter-wave Ad-hoc Wireless System in a train", WPMC2003, vol.2, pp. 512-516,
Oct. 2003.
[10] F. Ohkubo, N. Ida, A.. Akeyama, A. Kanazawa, H, Ogawa, “A Study on Shadowing
Characteristics in Millimeter-wave Ad-hoc Wireless Access System” ClimDiff 2003
Fortaleza Brazil, Statistical and Fundamental Modeling of Radio wave Propagation in
Wireless Systems Diff.22 1-7, Nov. 2003
[11] A. Kanazawa, H. Ogawa, K. Sakamoto, S. Tago, F. Ohkubo, M. Ida, A. Akeyama, N.
Kuribayashi, and T. Hirose, "Measurement of Complex Permittivity of Construction
Materials at 62 GHz and 70 GHz",IEICE, Vol.J87-B, No.3, To be published at Mar. 2004.
[1２]F. Ohkubo, M. Ida, A. Akeyama, A. Kanazawa, and H. Ogawa, ” Millimeter-Wave
Ad Hoc Wireless Access System Ⅲ -(7) A Study on Fade Duration in Exhibition Halls-”,
TSMMW2004, (2004-02).
Submission
Slide21
Akira Akeyama, NTT-AT

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