Natural Language Processing Frank Bergman Mike Gallagher Jason Firestone Barcelona, October 19th, 2001 Stacked Layers of Language Person A Person B „Thoughts“ „Thoughts“ Pragmatics Pragmatics Semantics Semantics Syntax Syntax Speech Speech Infrastructure Voice Recognition Syntax Parsing Semantic Analysis Translation/ Processing Generation Voice Generation Ramona Philips Genie IBM Via Voice BabelFish, Systran, other translators Verbmobil, Train Information Systems SAM, AT&T Synthesizer Verbmobil: Speech2Speech Translation Verbmobil Video http://verbmobil.dfki.de/overview-us.html Speech: Audio signals „I am hungry“ Person A Person B „Thoughts“ „Thoughts“ Pragmatics Pragmatics Semantics Semantics Syntax Syntax Speech Speech “I am hungry” Audio Signals Syntax: Sentence structure Person A Person B „Thoughts“ „Thoughts“ Pragmatics Pragmatics Semantics Semantics Syntax Syntax Speech Speech text=„I am hungry“ type=noun_phrase; text=„am“ type=verb; time=pres; pers=1st; infinitive=„be“; verb= subject = text=„I“ type=pronoun; case=nom; pers=1st; adverb = text=„hungry“ type=adjective; case=nom; pers=1st; Grammar Formalisms: DCG, HPSG, … Semantics: „Meaning“ and Logics Person A Person B „Thoughts“ „Thoughts“ Pragmatics Pragmatics Semantics Semantics Syntax Syntax Speech Speech x.self(x) hungry(x) Logic Formalisms: FOL, Lambda Calculus, … Pragmatics: The „world“ around us Person A Person B „Thoughts“ „Thoughts“ Pragmatics Pragmatics Semantics Person Semantics Syntax Syntax Speech Speech instance I has_property has_part has_value State desire Body instance Body has_property State eat has_value full Food empty Frames, Semantic Networks, Description Logics, … „Thoughts“: What we „feel“ Person A Person B „Thoughts“ „Thoughts“ Pragmatics Pragmatics Semantics Semantics Syntax Syntax Speech Speech „I am hungry“ Markets Speech Input Automatic Translation Players • Philips • IBM • Lernout & Hauspie • AT&T Dialog Systems Market Conditions • High entrance barriers • Low margin products Commercial Impact The generated value is very low The technology doesn‘t work yet The Future Current: Low margin add-on to operating systems Automatic translations have bad quality Next 5 Years: Low margin add-on for mobile devices Translation quality will slightly enhance Dialog systems becoming more common Next 20 Years: Speech processing will become ubiquous in public life, but no „real intelligence“ Translation quality will slightly enhance Links Verbmobil: http://verbmobil.dfki.de/ AT&T Demo: http://www.naturalvoices.att.com/demos/ Philips Speech Processing: http://www.philipsspeechprocessing.com/ Babelfish http://www.babelfish.com/ Lernout & Hauspie http://www.lhsl.com/ Ray Kurzweil AI Net: http://www.kurzweilai.net/ ALICE: http://www.alicebot.org
© Copyright 2024 ExpyDoc
