Krashen’s Hypotheses about Second language Acquisition YL-TESOL Krashen’s 5 Hypotheses The Natural Order Hypothesis Monitor Hypothesis The Affective Filter Hypothesis Input Hypothesis Acquisition-Learning Hypothesis KRASHEN’S INPUT HYPOTHESIS Krashen’s InputHypothesis Language is best acquired when language input (listening or reading) is one level beyond his or her current level of competence. (i +1) i+1 Language learner The Input Hypothesis +1 the student’s current language level the student’s current language level What students already know What teachers should provide The Input Hypothesis Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 The Input Hypothesis (Bad examples) i+ 5 Not building on previous experiences Too much new content (learner overload) known input + 1 overload KRASHEN’S NATURAL ORDER HYPOTHESIS The Natural Order Hypothesis PROGRESSIVE (+ing) PLURAL (n.+ s) IRREGULAR PAST POSSESSIVE (+‘s) COPULA (be + n./adj.) ARTICLE (a, the) REGULAR PAST 3RD PERSON SINGULAR (v.+ s) AUXILIARY (be + verbs) KRASHEN’S AFFECTIVE FILTER HYPOTHESIS Krashen’s Affective Filter Hypothesis Krashen’s Affective Filter Hypothesis Language is acquired best in an environment where anxiety and defensiveness are low. Affective Filter I+1 nervousness anger boredom fear Books Language learner (Affective Filter) KRASHEN’S ACQUISITION-LEARNING HYPOTHESIS Language Acquisition Sub-conscious learning Learning from experiences: books, movies, games, toys, conversations, and so on. Knowing through language Picking up words Trying to ask for things Talking about experiences Language Learning Conscious learning Learning rules Grammar instruction Error correction Knowing about language Know grammar rules Memorized word lists Can describe language Language Acquisition Sub-conscious learning Learning from experiences: books, movies, games, toys, conversations, and so on. Knowing through language Picking up words Trying to ask for things Talking about experiences L1 Language Learning Conscious learning Learning rules Grammar instruction Error correction Knowing about language Know grammar rules Memorized word lists Can describe language L2 KRASHEN’S MONITOR HYPOTHESIS Krashen’s Monitor Hypothesis Language learners monitor their communication and correct minor errors based on what they know about the language. 1 learned rules and grammar input Language learner 2 output The End
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