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Botanical Gazette, 27: 95– 117, 167–202, 281–308, 361–391. []Gippel, C. J. & Stewardson, M. J. (1998) Use of wetted perimeter in defining minimum environmental flows. Regul. Rivers: Res. Manage. 14, 53–67. [] Hupp, C.R., Osterkamp, W.R., Howard, A.D. (Eds.), 1995a. Biogeomorphology-Terrestrial and Freshwater Systems. Elseiver, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 347 pp. [] Hupp, C.R., Osterkamp, W.R., Howard, A.D., 1995b. Preface. Geomorphology 13 (1–4), [ ] Hack, J.T., Goodlet, J.C., 1960. Geomorphology and Forest Ecology of a Mountain Region in the Central Appalachians. Professional Paper 347, U.S. Geological Survey, Washington D.C. Osterkamp, W.R., Hupp, C.R., 1996. Preface. Geomorphology 14 (4), 275-275. [] Lancaster, J. & Belyea, L. R. (1997) Nested hierarchies and scale-dependence of mechanisms of flow refugium use. J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. 16, 221–238. []Olson, J.S., 1958. Lake Michigan dune development 2. Plants as agents and tools in geomorphology. 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R7 .&7, V M$ 8 I& 4 R Q 7 .4 l4& .&& OS(KCl)8 (NaCl) & 7. #, ,$6$ = #, M4$# ,$6 .R R,#, gA$@* 9J& .7,# u- ,#$ # 7#8 4 Q 7 $- (CaSO4) M$ (MgSO4)I& M$ (MgCl2)I& .&7, V &4 HCO3>Cl>SO42 M#$A 4 >-- 4 +$3 Ca2+>Na+>Mg2+>K+ ' >-- 4 9J& #, +$- ( .&4 9J& #, &22 G3 >0 - 5J ,#$ 9J& &22 7G3 #, 7#8 Q 7 >" : 2L6 #8 EC Hco3 Cl So4 Ca Mg Na K Y(#$$<^ EC HCO3– Cl– SO42– Ca2+ Mg2+ Na+ K+ R, 1 &:( P 1 ' 1 R, 0/093 1 &:( P 0/118 1 ' 0/112 1 R, 0/985 -0/049 1 &:( P 0/971 -0/097 1 ' 0/982 -0/045 1 R, 0/755 0/035 0/688 1 &:( P 0/452 0/205 0/311 1 ' 0/726 0/077 0/646 1 R, 0/721 0/174 0/686 0/627 1 &:( P 0/226 0/471 0/128 0/12 1 ' 0/652 0/229 0/605 0/568 1 R, 0/508 0/426 0/424 0/496 0/229 1 &:( P 0/375 0/375 0/282 0/297 -0/011 1 ' 0/5 0/425 0/412 0/489 0/2 1 R, 0/978 -0/012 0/985 0/704 0/641 0/366 1 &:( P 0/976 -0/02 0/977 0/417 0/073 0/236 1 ' 0/977 0/001 0/983 0/669 0/554 0/357 1 R, 0/974 -0/196 0/982 0/779 0/832 0/313 0/985 1 &:( P 0/668 0/542 0/545 0/313 0/534 0/353 0/548 1 ' 0/916 0/009 0/913 0/677 0/691 0/313 0/909 1 Z* [ K Z1394 !53 29 #3+ # 57#89 P R, 4 $<^#7 P 7#8 #, #,&5 M- 7, V & $ #3 $23 #3 '.R Y(#$$<^ , 4 #, @PV M- d9( 7#8 2 .,#, ,$6 &:( 0S 7#8 4 #, &5 M- 7, V #2 Q6 R #, &22 G3 #7 7 .,, '- #4 R 4 G3 oC& 7 #, #2 Q6 #, ( 43 l4& 0#! R &5 4 .,#, ,$6 Y(#$$<^ b$ #$O G3 l4& l4& R, 4 B, 7* D +7Q$: 5$- >-- 4 .,# ,$6 2#V G v#@ R+6 >& V1 4 V4 #, # R, #, 44 & 9C& 7+ #, gA$@* u .,$4 &7$* 4# .&3 #, 3 R 72 $QP8 M&4 #, R . ':V l(# >6$ 5( d #, 7&:( P &22 7 G3 2 oC& G3 u- .,#$* .R, 7$* L, 4 G38 Q6 #, # 54 7%1 .,$ 4.% [1] Alizadeh, A. A., Aliyeva, E. G. 2004. Stratigraphic architecture of Quaternary succession in the Caspian basin, Editor : Alizadeh, A.A., South–Caspian basin: geology, geophysics, oil and gas content, Nafta–Press, Azerbaijan, Baku, p. 6–18. [2] Esmaili, R., Hoseinzadeh, M.M. and Akbari, M. 2013, Hydrogeochemistry and groundwater quality assessment in Nour coastal plain, Mazandaran province, Iran, Journal of Tethys: Vol. 1, No. 4, 254–265. [3] Kakroodi, A. A. 2012. Rapid Caspian sea–level changes and its impact of Iranian coast, Printed in the Netherlands, P.121. 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(2011): Quantitative Evaluation of the Performance of Water Management System in the Washington Metropolitan Area, The 29th International Conference of the System Dynamics Society in Water Resource Management and Government Subsidy Policy: A Case Study of Tajan Basin in Tran, The 29th International Conference of the System Dynamics Society. 4-Li, Y.P., Huang, G.H and Chen, X. 2009. Multistage scenario-based intervalstochastic programming for planning water resources allocation. Stoch Environ Res Risk Assess 23:781–792 5-Masike, S. 2011. Application of system dynamic approach for water planning and decision making under water scarcity at Jwaneng diamond mine. Journal of Geography and Regional Planning. 4(5): 251-260. 6-Nasiri, F., Savage, T., Wang, R., Barawid, N and Zimmerman, J. B. 2013. A system dynamics approach for urban water reuse planning: a case study from the Great Lakes region. Journal of Stoch Environ Res Risk Assess. 27:675–691 7-Rehan, R., Knight, M.A, Haas, C.T and Unger, A.J.A. 2011. Application of system dynamics for developing financially selfsustaining management policies for water and wastewater systems. Water research 45: 4737 -4750. 66#89 Z* [ K Z1394 !53 29 #3+ # /%= BLM# 62N% (1%== H3 41% 3DE (O$ $ 69E ($ / ) $ b2 J K,A 2 & $1 ([email protected])(S6 .:V,+- .QV, #, 1 ([email protected])^$$(#$$<^#7 # &# $)V, 2 %U% ,$~ T &2 2 G3 4 2 #$V 7 R, - #4 8 #, R $D 4 d #$V #, :& 4 6$- 4 2 #~4 #, #$ G3 V8 &22 +43 R( >6$ . ,,D .,I( +3 #, v#^ v#^ 7 .1 ,5- 4 7 ~"# 2 5~ mJ~ ~, # & 7 oC& #, 7# 7 + 2 #4 (D # 4 6$- 4. R .,D #$V 7 R, G3 mJ~ R( Q, $ 2 ,$ T oC& 2 #4 #, 2#V 3 G3 4 2 $ #, 2#V T~ ~8 5C l4& R .2 (1138956 * .( )R .,D >6$ # 7 3 7 7 &2 2 6 2 ' #$V #, G3 l& - - 2 : $&! 4 &22 G3 l4& R 2 .,$4 V4 l$6 #8 5$~ D $) . . & =4 #1, >0 &2 2 G3 7 . #$C 4 ,# # 4 R +6 YV* YV* oC& (91 1387#: 7 ! 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Z"! .,2"# .1392 2 ~9 ~ -$~ .,2~ Z~ $* 74 Z45 2 & Z"# A@* Z .72 $* 74 Z"# ; -.$~4 ~=8 :& ,#$ .#$7 7.,, 4 n* 7¡p d4# T 4 $ +7#*# & #, .S , $D# P +# .1392 9.# 9J& – + %3 (S6 V ,I 88#89 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 Z* [ K Z1394 !53 29 #3+ # &~@( Y~1$ G2 ,# ~"$ #, ~P ~7~V+ 2 'A 7#8 '- L$# # & Z"# - Z./& - ,+ -7 .1392 43 .# 7,I L (S6 ;( V7/8 - ! ~V +~V8 -~5J ., : "$ 4 G3 L9 ,:# 4 &22 J G3 l4& 2 9- #,4 .+4 ,$ C #$8"# -8 .1390 4 .# G="( G3 ~5J»"$ 4 G3 L9 7C #, #8 5$- MI D,N$8 Z67 6,$ 7C Z &64 A Z M, -9 .1390 &74 + .QV, P- %7 #43 #& 7,2 « I M=( 4 ,43RV+4 G3 L9 :,#$ 10- D. H. Yan, H. Wang, H. H. Li, G. Wang,T. L. Qin, D. Y. Wang, and L. H. Wang, 2012, Quantitative analysis on the environmental impact of large-scale water transfer project on water resource area in a changing environment. Journal of Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, Vol: 16, Pp: 2685–2702. 11- Elizabeth du Plessis A. J., 2000, the response of the two interrelated river components, geomorphology and riparian vegetation, to inter basin water transfers in the ORANGE-FISH-SUNDAYS River inter basin transfer scheme. Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science, Rhodes University, Grahamstown. 12- Gohari, A. Eslamian, S. Mirchi, A. Abedi-Koupaei, J. Massah Bavani, A. Madani, K. 2013, Water transfer as a solution to water shortage: A fix that can backfire. Journal of Hydrology, Vol: 491, Pp: 23–39. 13- Grozieh, M. & Glade, 2005, Landslide Hazard and Risk: issues, Concepts and Approach, john wiley press. P.1-34. 14- Hey R.D., 1986: River response to inter basin water transfers Craig goch Feasibility study. Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam 4): 407-422. 15- Hunter, A. M. S., 2009, A Review of the fluvial geomorphology monitoring of the receiving streams of the MOOI-MGENI river transfer scheme Phase 1, Submitted in partial fulfilment of the academic requirements for a degree of Master of Environment and Development in the Centre for Environment, Agricultural and Development, School of Environmental Sciences University of KwaZulu-Natal. 16- Lansheng, W. & Christian, M., 1999, A study on the environmental geology of the Middle Route Project of the South–North water transfer. Journal of Engineering Geology Vol: 51, Pp: 153–165. 17- Matete, M. & Hassan, R., 2006, Analysis integrated ecological economics accounting approach to evaluation of inter-basin water transfers: An application to the Lesotho Highlands Water Project, Journal of Ecological Economics, Vol: 60, Pp: 246 – 259. 18- Rowntree K.M. and Dollar, E.S.J., 1996, Contemporary channel processes, In, Lewis, C.A., (Ed.), the geomorphology of the Eastern Cape, South Africa, Grocott and Sherry, Grahamstown, Pp: 33-51. 89#89 Z* [ K Z1394 !53 29 #3+ #
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