Title 法社会学叙説・秋霜編 Author(s) 和田, 安弘 Citation 人間科学 : 大阪府立大学紀要. 10, p.143-170 Issue Date URL 2015-05-20 http://hdl.handle.net/10466/14441 Rights http://repository.osakafu-u.ac.jp/dspace/ 人間科学：大阪府立大学紀要10（2014），143−170（2015年3月刊行） ἲ♫Ꮫླྀㄝ࣭⛅㟖⦅ ⏣ Ᏻᘯ㸨 㸯㸬ࡣࡌࡵ ๓✏㸦 ࠕἲ♫Ꮫླྀㄝ࣭㞾⦅ࠖ1㸧࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ➨㸯ㅮࡽ➨㸴ㅮࡲ࡛ࠊ♫࣭♫ ࣭♫つ⠊࣭ἲ࣭⣮தࢆ㢟ࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢゅᗘࡽἲࡘ࠸࡚㆟ㄽࡋࡓࠋ ᮏ✏ࡣࡑࡢ⥆⦅࡛࠶ࡾࠊ➨㸵ㅮࡽ➨ 10 ㅮࡲ࡛ࠊᶒ࣭ᶒព㆑࣭ᶒᙇุ࣭ ࡞ࡢどゅࡽἲࡢ㆟ㄽࢆ⥆ࡅࡿࠋࡲࡎࠊᶒࡣఱࠊᶒ࠸࠺ほᛕࡀࡢࡼ ࠺ࡋ࡚ୡ⏺ᶆ‽ࡢᏑᅾ࡞ࡗࡓࡢࠊࡑࡢ㐣⛬ࢆ㏆௦⏘ᴗ㸦㈨ᮏ⩏㸧 ࡢ㛵㐃࡛⌮ゎࡋࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓᶒほᛕࢆ᰾ࡍࡿすḢἲయ⣔ࢆ⥅ཷࡋࡓᡃࡀᅜ࠾ ࡅࡿࠕᶒࠖࡢ⨨࡙ࡅࡘ࠸࡚ㄒࡿࠋḟࠊ᪥ᮏ࠸࠺ᅜࡸᩥ࡞࠸ࡋ♫࠾ ࡅࡿࠕᶒᙇࠖࡢ≉ᚩࢆࠊッゴࡸ ADR㸦௦᭰ⓗ⣮தゎỴ㸧࠾ࡅࡿ⣮தゎỴ⾜ື ࡢ୰ぢ࡚࠸ࡃࠋࡉࡽࠊᶒ࠸࠺ᴫᛕࢆᶵ⬟ࡢほⅬࡽศᯒⓗ⪃ᐹࡍࡿᯟ⤌ ࡳᇶ࡙ࡁࠊ ࠕᶒ㸻ἲࠖࡀ♫⛛ᗎࡢㅖ┦ࡢࡼ࠺⤌ࡳ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡘ࠸ ࡚ࡶ⪃࠼࡚ࡳࡓ࠸ࠋᮏ✏࡛ࡣࡇࡢࡼ࠺ၥ㢟Ⅼࢆᩚ⌮ࡋࠕླྀㄝࠖࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡛ࠊ ᡃࠎࡑࡢ♫ࡗ࡚ࡢἲࡢពࢆᶒࡢほⅬࡽ⪃ᐹࡍࡿࠋ 㸰㸬➨㸵ㅮ㸦ᶒࡢᡂ❧㸧 ๓✏➨㸯ㅮࠊ ࠕே࡛ࡶᏊ౪࡛ࡶࠊࡑࡢࢇㄡ࡛ࡶࡀ▱ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠕ♫ࠖ ࠸࠺ゝⴥ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡑࡢពࢆ⡆₩㏙ࡼゝࢃࢀࡓࡽࠊከࡃࡢேࡀᡞᝨ࠺ 㐪࠸࡞࠸ࠖ㏙ࡓࡀࠊࡑࢀࡣࠕᶒࠖ࠸࠺ゝⴥࡘ࠸࡚ࡶྠࡌ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋᶒ ࡣఱࠊࡑࡢᴫᛕࡢศᯒⓗ࡞⪃ᐹࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᚋ㏙ࡿࡀ㸦➨ 10 ㅮཧ↷㸧 ࠊࡇ ࢶ࣮ࣝ ࡇ࡛ࡣࡲࡎࠊᶒ࠸࠺♫㛵ಀㄪᩚୖࡢ㐨ල㸦ࡑࡢほᛕ㸧ࡀࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡀࡢࡼ࠺࡞᮲௳ࡢୗᡂ❧ࡍࡿࡢ࠸࠺ࡇࡽ⪃࠼࡚ࡳࡓ࠸ࠋ ᶒࡣఱࠊ⪃࠼ࡿ࡞ࡽࡤࠊࡲࡎࡑࡢࠕ୰ࠖ 㸦ᶒ࠸࠺ほᛕⓗ⤌ࡳ * 㜰ᗓ❧ᏛᏛ㝔ே㛫♫Ꮫ◊✲⛉ே㛫⛉Ꮫᑓᨷ 1 㸺㜰ᗓ❧Ꮫ⣖せ㸸ே㛫⛉Ꮫ㸼 ๓ྕ㸦➨ 9 ྕࠊ2014 ᖺ㸧ᥖ㍕ࠋ 1 144 和田 安弘 ࡼࡗ࡚ᢸಖࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢ㸧ࡣఱ⪃࠼ࡿࡇࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢព࡛ࡢࠕ୰ࠖ ࡣࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠕ┈㸦ࣥࢱࣞࢫࢺ㸧 ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ┈ࡢᐃࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࣭ࡇ ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࡑࢀࢆ⮬ศࡢᨭ㓄ୗ␃ಖࡋࡼ࠺⏬⟇ࡍࡿேࡣⓙ↓㏆࠸࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋᕝ ཎᑠࡉ࡞▼ࢆぢࡘࡅ࡚ࠕࡁࢀ࠸ࠖࡔࡽᣢࡗ࡚ᖐࢁ࠺ᛮ࠺ேࡣ࠸࡚ࡶࠊ≉Ẽ ධࡗࡓ࠸࠺ࢃࡅ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸ᑠ▼ࢆධࢀ࡚ࠕࡇࢀࡣ⚾ࡢࡶࡢࡔࠖᙇࡍࡿே ࡣ࠸࡞࠸ࠋⴠࡕ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡀྠࡌࡁࡉࡢᐆ▼࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡾࠊ࢟ࣜࢫࢺࡢ㢦ࡸ༑Ꮠᯫ ࡀᾋࡧୖࡀࡿ㢮ࡢࠕ⪷▼࡛ࠖ࠶ࡗࡓࡾࡍࢀࡤࠊࡑࢀࢆぢࡘࡅࡓேࡀࡑࢇ࡞ᙇࢆ ࡍࡿࡇࡶ࠶ࡿࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡋࡋࠊࡑࡇ࠶ࡿࠕ┈ࠖࢆ㜌㞼ࠕ⚾ࡢࡶࡢࡔࠖ ྉࢇ࡛ࡳ࡚ࡶࠊ࠾ࡑࡽࡃ♫ࡣࡑࡢᙇ⣡ᚓࡋ࡚ࡣࡃࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ♫ࡀ㸦ࡘࡲࡾ ࡣࠊ⪅ࡀ㸧⣡ᚓࡍࡿࡢࡣࠊࡑࡢ┈☜ಖࡢᙇࠕṇᙜᛶࠖࡀ࠶ࡿㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿ ሙྜ㝈ࡽࢀࡿࠋᡤ᭷≀ࢆ࡞ࡃࡋࡓᚋࡑࢀࡀぢࡘࡗࡓሙྜࠊ↓≀ඛ༨ࡢ ཎ๎ࡀ㐺⏝ࡉࢀࡿࢣ࣮ࢫ࡛࠶ࡿࠊࡑࡢᙇࡀఱࡽࡢࠕṇᙜᛶࠖໟࡲࢀࡓࠕ ┈ࠖ㛵ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀᚲせ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡘࡲࡾࠊᶒࡣࠕ┈ṇᙜᛶࠖࢆࡑࡢせ⣲ࡍࡿࠕṇᙜᛶ࠸࠺ໟ⣬ໟ ࡲࢀࡓ┈ࠖࡢࡇ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓṇᙜᛶࡀ♫ࡢ୰࡛ࠊ⪅ࡽ ᖖ㸦⮬ືⓗ㸧ᑛ㔜ࡉࢀࡿࡣ㝈ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ๓✏➨㸲ㅮ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ ࠕἲࡣࠊጇᙜࡋ ࡚࠸ࡿ⛛ᗎ㸦ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕṇᙜᛶࡀ࠶ࡿಙࡌࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ⛛ᗎ㸧ࡢᐖࡀ࠶ࡿࡁ ࡣ♫ෆࡢᙉไ⨨ࡼࡿ≀⌮ⓗ࡞࠸ࡋᚰ⌮ⓗ࡞ᙉไࡀ㸦ᐇ⾜ࡉࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ㸧♫ ⓗಖᣢࡉࢀࡓ≧ែ࠶ࡿᙜヱ⛛ᗎࡢពෆᐜࡢࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ㏙ࡓࡼ࠺ࠊ ἲ㸦㸻ᶒ㸧ࡣࡑࡢጇᙜࡀಖ㞀ࡉࢀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ♫ⓗຠຊࢆࡶࡘࡶࡢࡋ࡚⥔ᣢࡉࢀ ࡿࡇࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊᶒࡪࡇࡢ࡛ࡁࡿࠕ┈ࠖࡣࠊࡑࡢࠕ┈ࠖࡀ ᐇ㝿ࠕ 㸦ᅜᐙ㸧ᶒຊࠖࡼࡗ࡚ᨭ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽࡎࠊࡑ࠺࡛࡞ࡅࢀࡤᶒ ࡶࡓࡔࡢ⏬ᥥ࠸ࡓ㣰࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠋᶒ㸦ࡋ࡚ࡢ┈㸧ࡣࠊ༢ࠕṇᙜᛶࠖ ໟࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊ ࠕṇᙜᛶࢆഛ࠼ࡓ┈ࡀᶒຊࡼࡗ࡚ࣂࢵࢡࢵ ࣉࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ≧ែ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࠕᶒࠖࢆᵓࡍࡿࡇࡢព⩏㸦ព㸧ࡣఱࠋࡑࢀࡣゝ࠺ࡲ࡛ࡶ࡞ࡃࠊ ᶒ࠸࠺ほᛕࢆࡶࡗ࡚ࠊ♫ෆࡢே㛫࠺ࡋࡢᐖ㛵ಀࢆㄪᩚࡍࡿࡇ࠶ࡿࠋ ࡶࡕࢁࢇࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓᐖㄪᩚࡢ᪉ࡣ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞ࡸࡾ᪉ࡀ࠶ࡾ࠺ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊ ᶒ㸦࠸࠺ほᛕ㸧ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡢࡣࡑࡢ࠺ࡕࡢ୍ࡘ㐣ࡂ࡞࠸ࠋ ࠕᶒࠖࡼࡿㄪᩚ࡛ ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ⫗యⓗ࡞ඃ㉺ᛶ㸦యࡢࡁࡉࠊ⭎ຊࡢᙉࡉࠊ࡞㸧ࡸຠᯝⓗ࡞Ṋჾ㢗ࡿ ࡇ࡛┦ᡭࢆᅽಽࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࠊཎጞⓗ࡞᪉ἲࡶᤞ࡚ࡀࡓ࠸㨩ຊࡀ࠶ࡿࡼ࠺ᛮࢃ 2 法社会学叙説・秋霜編 145 ࢀࡿࠋᏊࡶࡢத࠸ࡣࡋࡤࡋࡤࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᡭẁࡀⓏሙࡍࡿࡋࠊேࡢୡ⏺࡞ࢀࡤ ඃຎࢆỴࡵࡿ┠Ᏻࡣᭀຊⓗ࡞ຊ㛵ಀ㝈ࡽࢀࡎࠊ㈈ຊࡸ▱ຊ࡞ࡀከඖⓗస⏝ࡍ ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊἲ⛛ᗎࡢእ⏕ࡁࡿ࢘ࢺ࣮ࣟࡢேࠎࡣ㉸ᶒⓗ࡞␗ḟඖࡢຊ㛵ಀࡀ Ꮡᅾࡍࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࡋࠊἲࡢᏲㆤ⚄࡛࠶ࡿ㸦ࡣࡎࡢ㸧ᙉไ⨨ࢆᢸ࠺ேࠎ࡛ࡉ࠼ࠊࡇ ࠺ࡋࡓᶒ௨እࡢᐇຊࡲࡗࡓࡃ↓⦕࡞⏕άࢆ㏦ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡣ⪃࠼ࡃ࠸ࠋ ࡑࡶࡑࡶᐖ㛵ಀࢆᶒࡼࡗ࡚ㄪᩚࡍࡿ࠸࠺Ὑ⦎ࡉࢀࡓࡸࡾ᪉ࡣࠊ㛗࠸ே㢮 ྐ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡈࡃ᭱㏆࡞ࡗ࡚Ⓩሙࡋࡓ᪂ཧ⪅࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢ᪉ἲࡀ♫ⓗ࡞つ ᶍ࡛ᡂ❧ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡣࠊ㏆௦௨㝆⪃࠼࡚ࡼ࠸ࠋ୰ୡࡲ࡛ࡢ♫࡛ࡣࠊேࠎ ࡢከࡃࡣᮧⴠඹྠయⓗ࡞ே㛫㛵ಀࡢ୰࡛⏕ࡁ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡑࡢ⏕άᅪࡣ㝈ᐃⓗ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ ⮬⤥⮬㊊ⓗ⏕άᵝᘧࢆᇶᮏࠊ㈌ᖯࡀ㈨ᮏ࡞ࡿ௨๓ࡢ㟼ែⓗ࡞⤒῭άືࡢ୰࡛ࠊ ᪥ྠࡌ᪥᫂᪥ࢆ⏕ࡁࡿேࠎࡀࢇ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ2ࠋ ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞♫࠶ࡗ࡚ࡣࠊ⛛ᗎ⥔ᣢࡢᶵᵓࡋ࡚ᐙ∗㛗ⓗ࡞㌟ศไᗘࡀ㐺ྜⓗ ࡛࠶ࡾࠊಶࠎேࡀ⮬ࡽ㸦ಶࡋ࡚㸧ᶒయ࡞ࡗ࡚ࠕᖹ➼࡞ே㛫㛵ಀࠖࢆ⤖ࡪࡇ ࡣᐃࡉࢀࡃ࠸ࠋಶேᶒࢆࡍࡿ♫ⓗᇶ┙ࡀ࡞ࡗࡓࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᶒ య࡛࡞࠸ಶேಶேࡣ㸦ἲⓗࡣ㸧ᑐ❧ࡍࡿࡇࡶ࡞࠸ࠋ⌧௦࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊከ ࡃࡢᐙᗞࡢ୰࡛ࡣࠊ᪥ᖖ⏕άࢆ㏦ࡿ㝿ᐙ᪘ᵓᡂဨࡢ㛫࡛ᶒᇶ࡙ࡃᙇࡀࡉࢀ ࡿࡇࡣ⁛ከ࡞࠸࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࢸࣞࣅࡢࢳࣕࣥࢿࣝ㑅ᢥࢆࡵࡄࡿᑐ❧ࡣ࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊ ࡇࡢ෭ⶶᗜࡣẕぶ㸦෭Ꮚ㸧ࡢᡤ᭷≀࡛࠶ࡿࡽࡢᐙ᪘ࡀࡑࢀࢆ࠺ࡁࡣ෭Ꮚ ಶேࡢᢎㅙࢆᚓࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠊ࠸࠺ᐙᗞࡣ⛥࡛࠶ࡿᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࠊᶒ య࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ಶேಶேࡢ㛫ࡣ㸦ἲⓗ࡞ពྜ࠸࡛ࡢ㸧 ࠕᑐ❧ࠖࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࡇࡣ ࡞ࡃࠊࡑࡇࡣᶒ࠸࠺┈ㄪᩚࡢ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࡶᚲせࡉࢀ࡞࠸3ࠋ ᒾඞேࠕࣦ࢙ࢽࢫࡢၟேࡢ㈨ᮏㄽࠖ 㸦ྠࣦ࢙ࠗࢽࢫࡢၟேࡢ㈨ᮏㄽ࠘ࡕࡃࡲᏛⱁᩥᗜࠊ1992 ᖺࠊᡤ㸧ࡣࠊ㈌ᖯࡢ㈨ᮏࡢ㌿క࠸ࠊ⤒῭άືࡑࡋ࡚ேࠎࡢ♫⏕ά᰿ᮏⓗ࡞ኚ㠉ࡀ ⏕ࡌ࡚࠸ࡃࡉࡲࢆࠊ୰ୡࡽ㏆ୡࡢṔྐⓗኚ㑄ࢆ⫼ᬒࡋ࡚༳㇟ⓗᥥ࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 3 Ώ㎶ὒ୕ࠗἲࢆᏛࡪ࠘ 㸦ᒾἼ᪂᭩ࠊ1986 ᖺ㸧p.210 ௨ୗࡣࠊ ࠕᶒᡂ❧ࡢ᮲௳ࠖࡋ࡚ࠕᖹ➼ ᛶࠊᑐ❧ᛶࠊṇᙜᛶࠊᐃ㔞ᛶࠖࡢ㸲Ⅼࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᖹ➼࡞♫ࡣࠊᑒᘓไᗘ❧⬮ࡋࡓ ᶒຊᵓ㐀࣭㌟ศไᗘࢆ⬺ࡋࡓ♫ࡢࡇ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᑐ❧ᛶࢆᏎࢇࡔ♫ࡣࠊἲⓗయ㸦ἲே᱁㸧 ࢆㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓಶேࡀయᛶࢆࡶࡗ࡚♫ᡂဨ࡞ࡿ♫ࡢࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋṇᙜᛶ㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊᶒ ࡼࡿᙇṇᙜᛶࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿ♫࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀᶒᡂ❧ࡢ᮲௳࡞ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋἲ ᴫᛕṇᙜᛶ㸦 ࠕࡁࠖࡢឤぬ㸧ࡘ࠸࡚㏙ࡓ๓✏➨㸲ㅮཧ↷ࠋᐃ㔞ᛶࡣࠊᶒࡢ୰࡛࠶ ࡿ┈㸦ࣥࢱࣞࢫࢺ㸧ࡢ⠊ᅖࡀ᫂☜ᐃࡲࡿࡇࡀᶒ㏣ồࡢ๓ᥦ᮲௳࡞ࡿࡇࢆᣦࡋ࡚࠸ ࡿࠋ࠼ࡤࠊປാ᮲௳ࢆỴࡵࡎാࡃࡇࡣࠊປࡢ㛫ᶒ⩏ົ㛵ಀࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿປാ࡛ࡣ ࡞ࡃࠊያ㞔ປാ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ୍✀ࡢዊάື࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 2 3 146 和田 安弘 ࡘࡲࡾࠊಶேࡢయᛶࡀᇙἐࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ඹྠయⓗ⏕ά⎔ቃ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊᶒ࠸ ࠺ࠊᶓ୪ࡧࡢ㸦ᖹ➼࡞㸧ே㛫࠺ࡋࡢ㛵ಀࢆつᚊࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢே㛫㛵ಀㄪᩚࢶ࣮ࣝࡣ せ㸦࡞࠸ࡋ㒔ྜ㸧࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㞟ᅋࡸ⤌⧊ࡢ࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ⛛ᗎࢆ⥔ᣢࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ ูࡢᙧࡢே㛫㛵ಀㄪᩚ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࡀⓎ㐩ࡍࡿࡢࡀ⮬↛࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢࠕูࡢᙧࠖࡇࡑࠊ ே㢮ྐⓗࡣ࠾࡞ࡌࡳࡢࠊ 㸦ᶒⓗ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸㸧ᶒຊⓗ࡞⛛ᗎ࡛࠶ࡿࠋすὒ࡛ࡣࠊ ࠕ ┈ࠖࡢ㏣ồࢆ⮳ୖ㢟ࡍࡿࡇࡢ࡞࠸ࠕᘵ┕⣙ⓗ࡞࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍ⌮ࠖࡀᑒᘓⓗ ࡞ୡࡢᶒຊࢆ Ꮡࡍࡿࡢዲ㒔ྜ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡋ4ࠊᮾὒ࡛ࡣࠊ ࠕ൲ᩍⓗ࡞౯್ほ㸦ྩ ᛅࠊぶᏕ㸧 ࠖࡀࡇࡢ⛛ᗎࢆ⥔ᣢࡍࡿࡢࡣ㐺ྜⓗ࡞ᩍ࠼࡛࠶ࡗࡓ5ࠋᐇ㝿ࠊ㌟ศ ⓗ࡞ୖୗ㛵ಀࡀᡂ❧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ♫ࡣࠊ⛛ᗎࢆ⥔ᣢࡍࡿୖ࡛ࡣࠊࡶࡗࡶຠ⋡ⓗ࡞ࢩ ࢫࢸ࣒ࢆഛ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࠋⱥㄒࡢࠕ⛛ᗎ orderࠖࠕᗎิ࣭㡰ᗎࠖ࠸࠺ព ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࡣഅ↛࡛ࡣ࡞࠸6ࠋ┈㓄ศ㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢᶒ⬟ࡀㄡᅛᐃⓗࡉ ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡣࠊᶒ࠾ࡅࡿṇᙜᛶࡢໟ⣬ࡀᖖࡑࡢே⏝ពࡉࢀ࡚࠸ ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡽࠊࡑࡢ⪅ࡣ↓᮲௳ࡑࡢᶒ⬟ࢆ⾜࡛ࡁࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ ࡾࠊ⛛ᗎࡋ࡚ࡣࠊᐇᏳᐃⓗᏑᅾࡍࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࠋኚࡢᑡ࡞࠸ࠊṇᙜᛶࡀὶ ືࡋ࡞࠸㸦ṇᙜᛶࡀṇ⤫ᛶࡔࡅ࡛ᡂࡾ❧ࡘࡼ࠺࡞ࠊࡶゝ࠼ࡿ㸧ୡ⏺⏕ࡁࡿࡇ ࡣࠊ࠶ࡿព࡛ࡣ࡚ࡶᴦ࡞ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿ㐪࠸࡞࠸ࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࠕᏳᐃࠖࡋࡓ♫ࡢᵓ㐀ࡣ㠀ᖖ㛗ᮇࢃࡓࡾᏑᅾࡋࡓࡀࠊ㏆௦࠸ ࠺ⲨἼᥣࡲࢀࡿࡇ࡛ࠊࡑࡢ⟣ࡀእࢀࡿ᪥ࡀࡸࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࠋୡ⏺ྐⓗぢ࡚ࠊࡣࡌ ࡵ㏆௦ࢆᐇ⌧ࡋࡓࡢࡣすḢ♫࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡇࡣࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞せ⣲ࡀࢃࡗ࡚ ࡃࡿࠋ୰ୡᚋᮇ࡞ࡗ࡚㢧ⴭ࡞ࡿᑒᘓไࡢ⦆ࡳࠊ12 ୡ⣖ࣝࢿࢧࣥࢫࠊᡓ㜚ᢏ⾡ࡢ 㠉᪂㸦ⅆ⸆ࡢ㛤Ⓨ㸧 ࠊᡓதࡸఏᰁ࡞ࡀࡶࡓࡽࡍேཱྀὶືࠊ༳ๅᢏ⾡ࡢ㐍ᒎࠊ⯟ ᾏ௦ࡢ฿᮶㸦ᮾす᫆ࡢᣑ㸧 ࠊࢱ࣭ࣜࣝࢿࢧࣥࢫࠊ㏆௦⛉Ꮫ㏆௦ဴᏛࡢᖥ ࠕᘵ┕⣙㸦Verbrüderungsverträge㸧 ࠖ࠸࠺ᴫᛕ㸦Max Weber, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft, 1922. (5Auflage, 1972, J.C.B.Mohr) ࠗ⤒῭♫࠘➨ 2 㒊➨ 7 ❶➨ 2 ⠇㸧࠾ࡼࡧࠊࡑࢀࢆయ⌧ࡍࡿ୰ୡ ⓗ࡞࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍ⌮ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ๓ᥖ࣭ᒾࠕࣦ࢙ࢽࢫࡢၟேࡢ㈨ᮏㄽࠖp.15 ௨ୗ࠾࠸࡚ࠊM࣭ ࣦ࢙࣮ࣂ࣮ࡢࠕᘵ┕⣙ࠖ㛵ࡍࡿ㆟ㄽࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚ࠊၟရࡢୡ⏺ⓗᒎ㛤ࡢ୰ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓᪧ ᮶ࡢ⌮ほ࣭౯್ほࡀ┦ᑐࡉࢀࡿ㐣⛬ࡀᥥࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 5 ൲ᩍ㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊᏍᏊࡢᛮࡘ࠸࡚㔠㇂㸦ヂὀ㸧 ࠗㄽㄒ࠘ 㸦ᒾἼᩥᗜࠊ1999 ᖺ㸧 ࠊୡ⏺ྐࡢ୰ ࡛ࡢព⩏ࡘ࠸࡚㝞⯗⮧ࠗ൲ᩍ୕༓ᖺ࠘ 㸦୰බᩥᗜࠊ2009 ᖺ㸧 ࠊ൲ᩍࡢᮏ㉁㸦≉ࡑࡢ᐀ᩍᛶ㸧 ࡘ࠸࡚ຍᆅఙ⾜ࠗ൲ᩍࡣఱ࠘ 㸦୰බ᪂᭩ࠊ1990 ᖺ㸧࠾ࡼࡧྠࠗỿ㯲ࡢ᐀ᩍ൲ᩍ࠘ 㸦ࡕࡃ ࡲᏛⱁᩥᗜࠊ2011 ᖺ㸧ཧ↷ࠋ 6 ࣛࢸࣥㄒࡢㄒ※㸦ordo㸧㐳ࡗ࡚ࡶྠᵝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᑎ⃝ⰾ㞝⦅ࠗⱥㄒㄒ※㎡࠘ 㸦◊✲♫ࠊ1997 ᖺ㸧 ࠊ⏣୰⚽ኸ⦅ࠗ⨶㎡࠘ 㸦◊✲♫ࠊ1966 ᖺ㸧࡞ཧ↷ࠋ 4 4 法社会学叙説・秋霜編 147 㛤ࡅࠊ᐀ᩍᨵ㠉㸦࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍࡢ┦ᑐⓗᙅయ⏕㸧࡞7ࠋࡇࢀࡽࡍ࡚ࡢࡇ ࡀࠕ㏆௦ࠖࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡍཎືຊ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࡀࠊ┤᥋ࡋ࡚᭱ࡢせᅉࡣࠊே㛫ࡢᇶ ᮏⓗḧồ㸦SMAP㸧⾪ࡁືࡉࢀ࡚⤒῭つᶍࢆᣑࡍࡿ♫ࡑࡢࡶࡢࡢ୰࠶ࡗ ࡓ8ࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ⤒῭ࡢᣑࡀ♫⏘ᴗࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋࠊࡑࡇᚲ↛ⓗࠕศᴗࠖ ࠸࠺ປാᙧែࡀᐃ╔ࡍࡿࡇ࡞ࡾࠊ⏕⏘ࡍࡿಶே㛫ࠕ┦౫Ꮡࠖࡢ㍯ࡀฟ᮶ୖ ࡀࡿࡇ࡛ࠊಶேࡣ♫ⓗ࡞つᶍ࡛ᶒయ㸦ἲⓗே᱁㸧࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࠋࡇࡢࡇ ࡀཎືຊ࡞ࡗ࡚ࠊேࠎࡀ㌟ศไࡽゎᨺࡉࢀࠊಶࠎேࡀᇶᮏⓗᖹ➼࡛┦ ὶࡍࡿ♫ࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡞ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡇࡢே㢮ྐⓗ࡞♫ኚື╔┠ࡋࡓ G࣭W࣭F࣭࣮࣊ࢤࣝ K࣭࣐ࣝࢡࢫࡣࠊࡑࡢ ࢲࢼ࣑ࢡࢫࡢ᰾ᚰ࡞ࡿࠊ⤒῭ἲ㸦㸻ᶒ㸧ࡢ㛵ಀࢆ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺ᤊ࠼࡚㆟ㄽ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢᤊ࠼᪉ࡣࠊ࠾ࡼࡑḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋSMAP ࡢ࠺ࡕࠊ ࡾࢃࡅ S M ࡀࡇࡇ࡛㔜せ࡞せ⣲࡞ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊே㛫ࡣᇶᮏⓗ࡞⏕άᵝᘧ㸦ࡑ ࡢᇶᮏḧồ㸧ࡋ࡚≀ࢆḧࡍࡿࠋࡋࡶࠊM ࡢస⏝ࢆ⪃࠼ࢀࡤࢃࡿࡼ࠺ࠊேࡣ ⌧Ⅼ࡛ᚲせ࡞ࡶࡢ௨ୖࡢ≀ࢆḧࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋே㛫ࡗ࡚ࠊປാࡣ ࡑࡢḧồࢆᐇ⌧ࡉࡏࡿࠕ⮬↛ࡢാࡁࡅࠖࡋ࡚࠶ࡾࠊປാࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚㸦࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠊ ປാࡉࡏࡿࡇࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚㸧ࡑࡢḧồࢆ‶ࡓࡑ࠺ࡍࡿࠋ ࡇࡢḧồປാࡢ㛵ಀࡽࠊᢳ㇟ⓗ࡞Ꮡᅾ࡛࠶ࡿே᱁ᛶࡸᶒࡀ⏕ࡲࢀ࡚ࡃࡿࡇ ࢆ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡣぢᢤ࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊே᱁ࡸᶒ࡞ࠊᢳ㇟ⓗ࡞ᴫᛕ㸦⌮ᛕ㸧 ࡢᡂ❧࠸࠺⤖ㄽࡀࡲࡎㄒࡽࢀ࡚ࠊࡑࡢ⌮ᛕࡀᐇ㝿ࡢ♫⏕άࡢ୰࡛ពࢆࡶࡘࡼ ࠺࡞ࡿࡢࡣࠊࡑࢀࡀࠕᩍ㣴 Bildungࠖࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠕ⏕άࡢ⤌ࡳ❧࡚ࠖࡢ୰࡛ࣜࣜࢸ ࢆࡶࡗࡓࡶࡢࡋ࡚⌧ᐇࡉࢀ⏕άࡑࡢࡶࡢࢆつᐃࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࡽ࡛࠶ࡿ ㄝࡃࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊୗ㒊ᵓ㐀ⓗ࡞⏕ά㸦⤒῭άື㸧࠾ࡅࡿᐇែࡀࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ⌮ᛕࡢ ㏻⏝ᛶࢆୗᨭ࠼ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿ9ࠋ ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢࡇࡢ❧ㄽࡀᡂࡾ❧ࡘࡢࡣࠊ ࠕ⮬↛ࡢാࡁࡅࠖࡀࠊ㏆௦♫࡛ࡣࠕศ ୰ୡࡽ㏆௦ࡅ࡚ࡢኚ㑄㛵ࢃࡿࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ฟ᮶ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ㜿㒊ㅽஓࠗࣁ࣮࣓ࣝࣥࡢ ➜྿ࡁ⏨࠘ 㸦ࡕࡃࡲᩥᗜࠊ1988 ᖺ㸧ࠊᶓᒣ⣫୍ࠗࣝࢿࢧࣥࢫ࠘ 㸦ㅮㄯ♫Ꮫ⾡ᩥᗜࠊ1993 ᖺ㸧ࠊ⳥ ụⰋ⏕ࠗ⚄⪷࣮࣐ࣟᖇᅜ࠘ 㸦ㅮㄯ♫⌧௦᪂᭩ࠊ2003 ᖺ㸧 ࠊୖᾈ୍ࠗ⏕ࡁṧࡗࡓᖇᅜࣅࢨࣥࢸ ࣥ࠘ 㸦ㅮㄯ♫Ꮫ⾡ᩥᗜࠊ2008 ᖺ㸧 ࠊఀᮾಇኴ㑻ࠗ༑ୡ⣖ࣝࢿࢧࣥࢫ࠘ 㸦ㅮㄯ♫Ꮫ⾡ᩥᗜࠊ2006 ᖺ㸧 ࠊ㜿㒊ㅽஓࠗ㏆௦ୡ㛫࠘ 㸦ᮅ᪥᪂᭩ࠊ2006 ᖺ㸧࡞ཧ↷ࠋ 8 SMAP ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ๓✏➨㸯ㅮཧ↷ࠋ 9 ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࠗἲࡢဴᏛ࠘i209㸦Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Grundlinien der Philosophie des Rechts, Suhrkamp, 1986㸧ཧ↷ࠋ 7 5 148 和田 安弘 ᴗࠖ࠸࠺ຠ⋡ⓗ࡞⏕⏘ᵝᘧࢆ⏕ࡴࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿ10ࠋ㈨ᮏ⩏ⓗ⏕⏘ࡢ㛵ಀ࡛ࠕศ ᴗࠖ᭱ึ╔┠ࡋヲ⣽࡞ศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࡢࡣ 18 ୡ⣖ࡢ A࣭ࢫ࣑ࢫ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᏛၥࡋ ࡚ࡢ⤒῭Ꮫࡶ 19 ୡ⣖ࡣࡑࡢᇶ♏ࡀ☜❧ࡍࡿ11ࠋຠ⋡ⓗ࡞⏕⏘ࡇࡑࡣ⏘ᴗ㈨ᮏ⩏ ࢆᨭ࠼ࡿཎືຊ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢࡓࡵศᴗࡢὶࢀࡀຍ㏿ࡋࠊ⏘ᴗࢆᢸ࠺⪅ࡓࡕࡢ㛫 ࡛ࡢ┦౫Ꮡࡣᙉࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ♫≧ἣࡀᐃ╔ࡋࡓࡢࡀே㢮ྐⓗ࡞㌿ ࡢ࠶ࡗࡓ 18㸪19 ୡ⣖࡛࠶ࡗࡓ12ࠋࡇࡢᮇࠊすḢ࡛ࡣ┦౫Ꮡࡢே㛫㛵ಀࡀ♫ ⓗᗈࡀࡾࠊ♫ࡢᇶ♏ࢆᡂࡍಶࠎேࡢḟඖ࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊ┦ᡭࡢே᱁㸦ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕᶒ 㸧ࢆㄆࡵ࠶࠺ࠕᶒ♫ࠖࡀᡂ❧ࡋࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡇࢀᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ࣐ࣝࢡࢫࡣࠊୗ㒊ᵓ㐀ࡀୖ㒊ᵓ㐀ࢆつᐃࡍࡿ࠸࠺ᇶᮏㄆ㆑ᇶ ࡙ࡁ13ࠊࢫ࣑ࢫࡸ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢ╔┠ࡋࡓࠕศᴗࠖᇶ♏࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡓ♫㐣⛬㸦ࡍ࡞ࢃ ࡕၟရ࠸࠺♫㐣⛬㸧╔┠ࡍࡿࡇࡽ㆟ㄽࢆ⤌ࡳ❧࡚࡚࠸ࡿ14ࠋ࣐ࣝࢡ ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡢࡇࡇ࡛ࡢ㆟ㄽࡣࠕศᴗࠖ࠸࠺┤᥋ⓗ࡞ゝⴥࡣࢃࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡀࠊࡑࡢࠗἲࡢ ဴᏛ࠘i209 ࠾ࡅࡿ⾲⌧㸦 ࠕḧồࡑࡢࡓࡵࡢປാࡢ┦㛵ಀࡢ┦㛵ᛶ͆Das Relative der Wechselbeziehung der Bedürfnisse und der Arbeit für sie͇㸧ࡣࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕศᴗࡢࡇࡀᛕ㢌࠾ ࢀ࡚࠸ࡓᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ࡞࠾ࠊࡇࡢⅬ㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊຍ⸨ᑦṊ࣮ࠗ࣊ࢤࣝࡢࠕἲࠖဴᏛ࠘ 㸦㟷ᅵ♫ࠊ1993 ᖺ㸧ࡣࠊࠕせࡍࡿࠊ㸺ศᴗ࠸࠺♫㛵ಀࡀෆ㠃ࡉࢀࡿࠊࡋ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ே᱁ᡤ᭷ᶒ ࡞ࡿ㸼࠸࠺㊃᪨࡛࠶ࡿ͐͐ᶒࢆ⌧ᐇࡍࡿࡶࡢࡣࠊศᴗ࠸࠺⤒῭㛵ಀ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ 㸦p.235㸧 ㏙࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 11 ࢫ࣑ࢫ 19 ୡ⣖⤒῭Ꮫࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᒣᚭࠗࢲ࣒࣭ࢫ࣑ࢫࠗᅜᐩㄽ࠘ࢆㄞࡴ࠘ 㸦ᒾἼ᭩ᗑࠊ 2011 ᖺ㸧p.2 ௨ୗཧ↷ࠋࠗᅜᐩㄽ࠘ࡣࠕศᴗࠖࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ㆟ㄽࡽጞࡲࡿࠋAdam Smith, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, Book 1, Chapter 1͆Of the Division of Labour.͇ 12 18 ୡ⣖ࡽ 19 ୡ⣖ࡅ࡚ࡣࠊୡ⏺ྐⓗ࡞ኚ㠉ࢆ㇟ᚩࡍࡿฟ᮶ࡀ㉳ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࣓ࣜ࢝ ྜ⾗ᅜ⊂❧㸦1776 ᖺ㸧 ࠊࣇࣛࣥࢫᕷẸ㠉㸦1789 ᖺ㸧 ࠊୡ⏺ึࡢᕤሙἲ㸦1802 ᖺ㸧 ࠊࢼ࣏ࣞ࢜ࣥ ἲ㸦1804 ᖺ㸧 ࠊࢻࢶ㐃㑥ᡂ❧㸦1815 ᖺ㸧 ࠊ➼ࠎࠋ 13 ๓ᥖ࣭ຍ⸨࣮ࠗ࣊ࢤࣝࡢࠕἲࠖဴᏛ࠘࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࡀࠗἲࡢဴᏛ࠘i209 ࡛㏙࡚࠸ ࡿࡇࡣࠊ ࠕ࣐ࣝࢡࢫⓗ࡞ゝ࠸᪉ࢆࡍࢀࡤࠊၟရ࠸࠺㈨ᮏ⩏ⓗ㛵ಀࡀࠊಶேࡢᶒࡢᑛ 㔜࠸࠺⌮ᛕࢆྵࡴୖ㒊ᵓ㐀ࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡍࠖ 㸦p.236㸧ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿ⌮ゎࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠕୗ㒊ᵓ㐀ࠖ ࠕୖ 㒊ᵓ㐀ࠖࡢᴫᛕࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ࣐ࣝࢡࢫ⮬㌟ࡼࡗ࡚ḟࡢࡼ࠺㏙ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠕ⏕⏘ㅖ㛵ಀࡢ ⥲యࡣ♫ࡢ⤒῭ⓗᶵᵓࢆᙧ࡙ࡃࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡇࢀࡀ⌧ᐇࡢᅵྎ࡞ࡗ࡚ࠊࡑࡢ࠺࠼ࠊἲᚊⓗࠊ ᨻⓗୖ㒊ᵓ㐀ࡀࡑࡧ࠼ࡓࡕ͐͐≀㉁ⓗ⏕άࡢ⏕⏘ᵝᘧࡣࠊ♫ⓗࠊᨻⓗࠊ⢭⚄ⓗ⏕άㅖ㐣⛬ ୍⯡ࢆไ⣙ࡍࡿࠋ ࠖ ࠕே㛫ࡢព㆑ࡀࡑࡢᏑᅾࢆつᐃࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡚ࠊ㏫ࠊே㛫ࡢ♫ⓗᏑᅾࡀ ࡑࡢព㆑ࢆつᐃࡍࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠖ 㸦K࣭࣐ࣝࢡࢫ㸦Ṋ⏣㝯ኵヂ㸧 ࠗ⤒῭Ꮫᢈุ࠘ 㸦ᒾἼᩥᗜࠊ1956 ᖺ㸧 ࠕᗎゝࠖࡼࡾ㸧 14 ࢫ࣑ࢫࡀࠗᅜᐩㄽ࠘ࢆࠕศᴗࠖࡢ㆟ㄽࡽጞࡵࡓࡼ࠺ࠊ࣐ࣝࢡࢫࡀࠗ㈨ᮏㄽ࠘ࢆࠊ 㸦⤒῭Ꮫ ᢈุ࠸࠺ᙧ࡛ࡢ⤒῭♫ㄽࢆᒎ㛤ࡍࡿ࠶ࡓࡗ࡚ࡢせ▼࡞ࡿ㸧 ࠕၟရࠖ࠾ࡼࡧࠕၟရࠖ ࡢ㆟ㄽࡽጞࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡣࡁ࡞ពࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ➨ 1 ᕳ㸦㈨ᮏ⏕ᡂ㐣⛬㸧➨ 1 ⦅㸦ၟရ㈌ ᖯ㸧➨ 1 ❶㸦ၟရ㸧 ࣭➨ 2 ❶㸦㐣⛬㸧ཧ↷ࠋKarl Marx, Das Kapital : Kritik der Politischen Ökonomie, 10 6 法社会学叙説・秋霜編 149 ࢫࡢ㆟ㄽᒎ㛤ᚑ࠼ࡤࠊᐇែࡋ࡚ࡢศᴗၟရࡢ♫ⓗᗈࡀࡾࡀࠊ┦ ౫Ꮡᇶ࡙ࡃே᱁ᶒࢆᡂ❧ࡉࡏࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡾࢃࡅࠊ㈌ᖯࢆࡋࡓ ➼౯ࡣࠊ㸺G㸫W㸫G㸼ࡼࡿ₶Ⓨ⏕ࡢ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒࡛࠶ࡾ࡞ࡀࡽࡶ15ࠊᙧᘧୖ ࡣ┦ᡭࡢᡤ᭷ᶒࢆᑛ㔜ࡋࡓୖ࡛♫ࡢ⤒῭ⓗᇶ┙ࢆᡂࡾ❧ࡓࡏࡿࠕᖹ➼࡞ࠖ⤌ࡳ ࡛࠶ࡿࡽࠊၟရ࠸࠺㈨ᮏ⩏ⓗ㛵ಀ㸦ୗ㒊ᵓ㐀㸧ࡀࠊಶேࡢᶒࡢᑛ㔜 ࠸࠺⌮ᛕ㸦ୖ㒊ᵓ㐀㸧ࢆᚲ↛ⓗ⏕ࡳฟࡍࡇ࡞ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊ࣐ࣝࢡࢫࡢ㈨ᮏㄽ ࠾ࡅࡿ୰ᚰ㢟 㸦ປാࡼࡿవ౯್ࡢ⏘ฟ㸧 ࡢ⫼ᚋ࠶ࡗ࡚ࡑࡢ㢟ࢆᨭ࠼ࡿࠊ ࡼࡾᬑ㐢ⓗ࡞㢟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࠕḧồປാࡢ㛵ಀࡽࠊᢳ㇟ⓗ࡞Ꮡᅾ࡛࠶ࡿே᱁ᛶࡸᶒࡀᚲ↛ⓗ ⏕ࡲࢀ࡚ࡃࡿࠖࡍࡿ࣮࣊ࢤࣝࠊ ࠕၟရ࠸࠺㈨ᮏ⩏ⓗ㛵ಀ㸦ୗ㒊ᵓ㐀㸧 ࡀࠊಶேࡢᶒࡢᑛ㔜࠸࠺⌮ᛕ㸦ୖ㒊ᵓ㐀㸧ࢆᚲ↛ⓗ⏕ࡳฟࡍࠖࡍࡿ࣐ࣝࢡ ࢫࠊࡇࡢேࡢㄽⅬࡣඹ㏻ࡋ࡚࠸࡚ࠊせࡍࡿࠊศᴗࡼࡿ⏕⏘࠸࠺ࠕ┦ ౫Ꮡࠖࡢ㛵ಀࡀࠊ♫ࡢ୰ࠊἲⓗே᱁㸦ಶேࡢᶒ㸧ࡢᡂ❧ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋࠊࡑࡢ ே᱁࠺ࡋࡢ➼౯㸦ዎ⣙㸧ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊᶒࡢ┦ᑛ㔜ࡀࡉࡽ῝ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࠊ ࠸࠺ࡇࡀ㆟ㄽࡢ᰾ᚰ࡞ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚ᶒ࠸࠺┈ㄪᩚ࣭ே㛫㛵ಀㄪ ᩚࡢࢶ࣮ࣝࡣ᪂ࡋ࠸௦ࡢ♫⛛ᗎࡢ⥔ᣢࡁࡃ㈉⊩ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡛ࡣࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞㏆௦ⓗᶒࡢᅗᘧࡀࠊ᪥ᮏᩥࡢ୰࡛ࡣࡢࡼ࠺ཷᐜࡉࢀኚᐜࡋ ࡚ࡁࡓࡢࠋḟࡇࡢၥ㢟ࢆ⪃࠼࡚ࡳࡓ࠸ࠋ Buch 1 (Der Produktionsprozeß des Kapitals), Abschnitt 1 (Ware und Geld), Kapitel 1 (Die Ware), Kapitel 2 (Der Austauschprozeß). ࡇࡢⅬ㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊⓗሙᘯࠗ㉸ヂࠗ㈨ᮏㄽ࠘ ࠘ 㸦⚈ఏ♫᪂᭩ࠊ2008 ᖺ㸧ཧ ↷ࠋ 15 㸺W㸫G㸫W㸼㸺G㸫W㸫G㸼ࡢ┦㐪࠾ࡼࡧ㐃㛵ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ ࠗ㈨ᮏㄽ࠘➨ 1 ᕳ➨ 4 ❶ࠕ㈌ᖯ ࡢ㈨ᮏࡢ㌿ࠖ 㸦๓ᥖ Marx, Das Kapital, Buch 1, Kapitel 4 (Verwandlung von Geld in Kapital)㸧ཧ↷ࠋ ㈨ᮏ⩏ࡢᮏ㉁ࢆ㸺W㸫G㸫W㸼ࡢ㸺G㸫W㸫G㸼ࡢᒎ㛤ࡔぢᢤࡃ࣐ࣝࢡࢫࡢどⅬࡣࠊ ࠕࢥ ࣟࣥࣈࢫࡢ༸ࠖ ࠕ┠ࡽ㫣ࠖࡢᛮ࠸ࢆᙉࡃࡉࡏࡽࢀࡿࠋ➼౯࡛࠶ࡾ࡞ࡀࡽࡶ㈈㈌ࡢほᛕࢆ ࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㈌ᖯ ᑟࡃ㸺G㸫W㸫G㸼ࡢ⤒῭㐠ືࡢ୰₶ࡀⓎ⏕ࡍࡿ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒㸦ᚋὀ 16 ཧ↷㸧 ࡀ㈨ᮏ㌿ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࡇࡑࡀ㈨ᮏ⩏ࡢᮏ㉁࡛࠶ࡾࠊṔྐⓗࡣࠊၟᴗ㈨ᮏ⩏࣭ ⏘ᴗ㈨ᮏ⩏࣭࣏ࢫࢺ⏘ᴗ㈨ᮏ⩏ኚࡋࡘࡘࡶࠊࡑࡢᮏ㉁ࢆᚤሻࡶኚ࠼ࡿࡇࡢ࡞࠸㈨ᮏ ⩏ࡢࡲࡌ࠸ࡤࡾࡢ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡀࠊ࠶ࡽࡺࡿࣔࣀࢆၟရኚ࠼࡚ࡑࡇࡽ₶ࢆᦢࡾฟࡍࡇ ࡞ࡿࠋࡸࠊỈࡸ✵Ẽ࡞ࡢ⮬↛࡛ࡉ࠼ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣே㛫ⓗ࡞⧅ࡀࡾࡸཌព࡛ࡉ࠼ࠊၟရࡉࢀ ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢆᙜࡓࡾ๓ࡢࡼ࠺ᛮ࠺ேࡀᬑ㏻࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࡢࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡁࢀ࠸࡞✵Ẽࡣ ࢚ࢥࣥࡸ✵ẼΎίᶵ࡛ᡭධࢀࡿࡶࡢࠊ㣧ࡳỈࡣ࣎ࢺࣝධࡗ࡚ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࠊᩍ⫱ࡣ࠾ 㔠ࢆฟࡋ࡚ㄪ㐩ࡍࡿࡶࡢࠊᑵ⫋ࡶ⤖፧ࡶࡑࢀ࡞ࡾࡢᢞ㈨ດຊࢆᚲせࡍࡿࡶࡢࠊ➼ࠎࠋ 7 150 和田 安弘 㸱㸬➨㸶ㅮ㸦᪥ᮏ♫࠾ࡅࡿᶒࡢ⨨࡙ࡅ㸧 ㏆௦ⓗᶒࡢ᭱ࡢ≉ᚩࡣࠊࡑࡢಶேᛶ࠶ࡿࠋ➨㸵ㅮ࡛㏙ࡓࡼ࠺ࠊᶒ ࡣࠊ ࠕᶓ୪ࡧࡢ㸦ᖹ➼࡞㸧ே㛫࠺ࡋࡢ㛵ಀࢆつᚊࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢே㛫㛵ಀㄪᩚࢶ࣮ࣝࠖ ࡛࠶ࡿࡽࠊᶒࡀᇶᮏⓗಶேᖐᒓࡍࡿࡢࡣᙜ↛࡛࠶ࡾࠊୡ⏺୰ࡢ㈈ࡣಶேࡢ ᨭ㓄ศᒓࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࠋእ⏺࠶ࡿᑐ㇟ࡣࠊᅵᆅࡶᐙࡶࡑࡇⶶࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢ ࡶࠊࡍ࡚ࡢࣔࣀࡀၟရࡉࢀࠊᶒࡢᑐ㇟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㸺G㸫W㸫G 㸼ࡢ୰ࡢၟရ㸦W㸧ࡣࠊࡶࡶࡿࡓࡵࡢ㸦ࡑࢀࡼࡗ࡚᪂ࡓ࡞㈌ᖯ㸦G㸧㌿ ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ㸧ࣔࣀ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ₶⏕ᡂࡢࡓࡵࡢᡭẁ㐣ࡂ࡞࠸Ꮡᅾ࡛࠶ࡿࡽࠊࡑ ࢀ⮬యࡢ⏝౯್ࡀ⪃៖ࡉࢀࡿࡇࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡑ࠺࡛࠶ࡿ௨ୖࠊࡑࡢࣔࣀ㸦ၟရ㸧ࢆ ᐇ㝿ᨭ㓄ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇᮏ㉁ⓗ࡞ព⩏ࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀࡎࠊ㈈≀ࡶࠊࡑࢀࢆᨭ㓄ࡍࡿグ ྕ࡛࠶ࡿᶒࡶࠊ⌧ᐇᨭ㓄࠸࠺࿚⦡ࡽゎࡁᨺࡓࢀ࡚ࠊᶒᛕⓗ࣭ᢳ㇟ⓗ࡞Ꮡᅾ ࡞ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦㏫ࠊ㈈㈌ࡀほᛕࡍࡿࡇࡼࡾࠊᮏ㉁ⓗほᛕⓗ࡞Ꮡᅾ࡛࠶ࡿ ᶒ࠸࠺ࠕ⟽ࠖࡲࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࠊ࠸࠺ゝ࠸᪉ࡶ࡛ࡁࡿࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸㸧16ࠋ ᑐ㇟ཬࡰࡍ⌧ᐇᨭ㓄ࢆ㞳ࢀ࡚ࡶ࡞࠾ຠຊࢆࡶࡕ⥆ࡅࡿຊࡋ࡚ࡢᶒࠊࡍ࡞ࢃ ࡕࠕほᛕⓗ࡞ᶒࠖࡀᡂ❧ࡍࡿࡢࡀࠊ㈨ᮏ⩏ⓗ⤒῭ᵓ㐀ࢆᇶ♏ࡋ࡚ᡂࡾ❧ࡘ㏆ ௦♫ࡢ≉ᚩ࡛࠶ࡿ17ࠋࡑ࠺ࡋࡓࠕ㏆௦ࠖࡀࠊᚨᕝᖥ⸬యไࡢᔂቯࡶࠊ᫂ ᅜᐙࡢᨻ⟇ࡋ࡚ᡃࡀᅜᣢࡕ㎸ࡲࢀࡓࠋࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ♫ⓗㅖไᗘࡢእほࡀࠕ㏆ ௦ࠖࡍࡿࡇ♫ࡀ┿㏆௦ࡍࡿࡇࡣྠࡌ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋᰴᘧ♫ࢆタ❧ࡋࠊ ᕝᓥṊᐅࠗ᪥ᮏேࡢἲព㆑࠘ 㸦ᒾἼ᪂᭩ࠊ1967 ᖺ㸧p.62 ௨ୗࠊ㏆௦ⓗᶒࡢ≉ᚩࡋ࡚ࠊ௨ ୗࡢ㸱Ⅼࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㸯㸬⚾ⓗᛶ㉁ࠊ㸰㸬⤯ᑐᛶࠊ㸱㸬ほᛕᛶࠋ㈈⏘ࡀࠕ⚾᭷㈈⏘ࠖࡋ ࡚ㄆ㆑ࡉࢀࡿࡇࢆ๓ᥦࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢ㈈⏘ᑐࡍࡿᨭ㓄ࡢᙧᘧࡀࠕໟᣓⓗ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿ㸦୍ࡘࡢᑐ㇟ ࡘ࠸୍࡚ࡘࡢໟᣓⓗ࡞ᶒࡀᡂ❧ࡍࡿ㸧ࡇࠊࡑࡢໟᣓⓗ࡞ᶒࡀᐇ㝿ୖࡢᨭ㓄⾜Ⅽࡽ㞳 ࢀ࡚ࠕほᛕⓗࠖ㸦㈨ᮏ⩏ⓗ࡞ୡ⏺࡛ࡣࠊᑐ㇟࡞ࡿ㈈㈌ࡀ⏝౯್ࡽ㞳ࢀ࡚౯್ⓗ ᤊ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࡇࣃࣛࣞࣝ㸧Ꮡᅾࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࠊ࠸࠺ࡢࡀࡑࡢㄽ᪨࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㈈ ㈌ᶒࡢほᛕࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍ㈨ᮏ⩏ⓗ⏕⏘ࡣࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚㏆௦ⓗᶒࡢ⏕ᡂ㛵ࡍࡿࡇ࡞ ࡿࠋ 17 ㈨ᮏ⩏ⓗ⤒῭ᵓ㐀ࡀ㏆௦♫ࢆ≌ᘬࡋࡓࡇࡣ␗ㄽࡢ࡞࠸ࡇࢁ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࡀࠊ ࠕほᛕⓗࠖᶒ ࡣᖖᭀ㉮ࡢࣜࢫࢡࡀక࠺ࠋ㈨ᮏ⩏ࡢᒎ㛤ࡀ 20 ୡ⣖ᮎࡽࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣜࢮ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢἼ ࡞ࡗ࡚ୡ⏺ࢆそ࠺ࡲ࡛⮳ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡣ࿘▱ࡢࡇࡀࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㏞㉮ࡍࡿ♫ࡀᢪ࠼ࡿㅖၥ 㢟ࢆㄞࡳゎࡃࡓࡵࡢࠕฎ᪉⟢ࠖ 㸦ᚋᥖ㑥ヂ᭩ࠕヂ⪅ゎㄝࠖp.163㸧ࡋ࡚ࠊA࣭ࢠࢹࣥࢬࡼࡿ♫ Ꮫⓗホㄽࢆཧ↷ࠋAnthony Giddens, Runaway World, 2nd ed. Routledge, 2003. ࡞࠾ࠊ㑥ヂ᭩㸦బ 㝯ගヂࠗᭀ㉮ࡍࡿୡ⏺࠘ࢲࣖࣔࣥࢻ♫ࠊ2001 ᖺ㸧ࡣཎⴭ➨ 1 ∧㸦1999 ᖺ㸧ࡢ⩻ヂ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 16 8 法社会学叙説・秋霜編 151 すḢ㢼ࡢᏛࡀ❧ࡉࢀࠊᅜẸࡢ௦⾲ࡀ㆟ࢆᵓᡂࡋ࡚ࠊ⤒῭࣭ᩥ࣭ᨻࡢㅖഃ 㠃ࡢすḢࡀᐇ⌧ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ♫ࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿேࠎࡢᇶᮏⓗ࡞⏕άឤぬ㸦๓✏➨㸳ㅮ ࠾࠸࡚ゝཬࡋࡓࠕ⏕ࡅࡿἲࠖࢆ୰᰾ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ᇶᮏⓗ࡞⏕άつ⠊㸧ࡣ⡆༢ࡣኚ ࢃࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ ࡑࡢࠕኚࢃࡽ࡞ࡉࠖࡀࠊᡃࡀᅜ࠾ࡅࡿᶒࡢࠕほᛕᛶࠖࡢᚭᗏࡋ࡚⌧ࢀ࡚ ࡃࡿࠋᕝᓥṊᐅⴭࠗ᪥ᮏேࡢἲព㆑࡛࠘ࡣࠊ ࠕᅜẸࡢ᪥ᖖ⏕ά࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ㏆௦௨๓ ࡽࡢఏ᮶ⓗ࡞ᡤ᭷ᶒࡢព㆑ࡀࠊᗈỗ࡞ேࠎࡢ⾜ືࢆỴᐃࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠖ࠸࠺ㄆ㆑ ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ࠸ࡃࡘࡢ࢚ࣆࢯ࣮ࢻࡀ⤂ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ18ࠋ➨ḟᡓᚋ㛫ࡶ࡞࠸㡭ࡢࠕⴠ ࡋࡓ↮ⲡࠖ௳ࠊ➨ḟᡓᮇࡢࠕ㛤ࡋࡓ⾰㢮ࠖ௳ࠊ࠾ࡼࡧࠊࡑࢀࡽᑐ↷ ⓗ࡞ 1965 ᖺࡢ⡿ᅜࣁ࡛࣡ࡢࠕఫᏯᩜᆅධࠖ௳࡞࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⌧ᐇᨭ㓄ࢆ㞳ࢀࡓ ࣔࣀࡣᮏ᮶ࡢᶒ⪅ࡢࡶࡢࡽᐇຠᨭ㓄ࢆࡍࡿ⪅ࡢࡶࡢኚࢃࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ഴྥࢆ ♧ࡍ๓⪅ࡢᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ┿ᙳࢆ┠ⓗ⚾❧᥈ഄࡀᏯᆅ↓᩿ධࡋࡓࡇ ᑐࡋ࡚Ꮿᆅࡢᡤ᭷⪅ࡀ㖠࡛ධ⪅ࢆᧁࡕẅࡋࡓ࠸࠺௳ࡀ♧ࡍࡇࡣࠊ࣓ࣜ ࢝♫࠾ࡅࡿࠕ⤯ᑐⓗ࡞ᶒࠖࡢᏑᅾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⚾᭷㈈⏘࡛࠶ࡿᏯᆅࡳࡔࡾ❧ ࡕධࡿࡇࡣ⪅ࡢᶒࢆᐖࡍࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡾࠊཝៅࡲࢀࡿࡁࡇࡀࡽ࡛࠶ࡗ ࡚ࠊᶒࡣ⤯ᑐⓗࡘほᛕⓗಖ㞀ࡉࢀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡽࠊධ⾜Ⅽ ᘚゎࡢవᆅࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ⌧⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ᅵᆅ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊἲⓗࡣἲධ࡞ ࡿሙྜ࡛ࡶࠊ㏻⾜ࡸᏊࡶࡢ㐟ࡧ⛬ᗘ࡛࠶ࢀࡤチᐜࡉࢀࡿࡇࡶ⌋ࡋࡃ࡞࠸᪥ᮏ♫ ࠾ࡅࡿࠕᖖ㆑ࠖࡣ␗࡞ࡿୡ⏺ࡀࡑࡇ࠶ࡿࠋ ᮏ✏➹⪅⮬㌟ࡶྠᵝ࡞⤒㦂ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ20 ୡ⣖ᮎࡢࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊࣥࢢࣛࣥࢻࡢ Ꮫࡢ࢟ࣕࣥࣃࢫ࡛ࠊࡲࡔᑠࡉࡗࡓᜥᏊࡢᩓṌࡢ㏵୰ࠊ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡣ⌋ࡋ࠸Ⱚࡢ ࢸࢽࢫࢥ࣮ࢺࢆぢࡘࡅࠊࡑࡢㄡࡶ࠸࡞࠸㸦ᅖ࠸ࡶ࡞࠸㸧ࢥ࣮ࢺ❧ࡕධࡗࡓ▐㛫ࠊ 㐲ࡃࡢ࠺ࡽேࡢኌࡀ⪺ࡇ࠼࡚ࡁࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠕࡑࡇࡣ⚾᭷ᆅ࡛ࡍࡼ㸦“Excuse me. It’s private.”㸧 ࠖྉࡪⱝ࠸ዪᛶࡢኌ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋᑠࡉ࡞Ꮚࡶ࣮ࣟࣥࢥ࣮ࢺࢆぢࡏ࡚ ࠸ࡿࡔࡅ࡞ࡢࠊࠊࡑࡢኌᑡࠎࠊᭀຊⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࢆឤࡌࡓࡇࢆぬ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋఱ ࡶࡑࡇࡲ࡛ࡋ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶࠊ࠸࠺ᛮ࠸ࡀࠊᶒࡢ⤯ᑐᛶ࣭ほᛕᛶࡢᚭᗏࡋ࡞࠸᪥ᮏ♫ ࡛⫱ࡕ⏕άࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ➹⪅ࡢṇ┤࡞ឤ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ୖ㏙㸦➨㸵ㅮ㸧ࡋࡓࡼ࠺ࠊᶒࡢ୰ࡣࠕ┈㸦ࣥࢱࣞࢫࢺ㸧 ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾࠊ〄 ࡢࣥࢱࣞࢫࢺࡢዣ࠸ྜ࠸ࡣ␗࡞ࡿࠕᶒࡢୡ⏺ࠖ࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊࡑࡢࠕ┈ࠖ 18 ๓ᥖ࣭ᕝᓥࠗ᪥ᮏேࡢἲព㆑࠘p.71 ௨ୗཧ↷ࠋ 9 152 和田 安弘 ṇᙜᛶࡢ⾰ࢆ⿕ࡏ࡚⮬ᕫࡢࠕ┈ࠖࢆࠕᶒࠖࡲ࡛㧗ࡵࡿ⾜Ⅽࠊࡉࡽࡣࡑࡢࡼ ࠺࡞ࠕᶒࠖࢆಶࠎேࡢ㛫࡛┦ᑛ㔜ࡋ࠶࠺⾜Ⅽࡶࠊࡑࡢᮏ㉁࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ➇த ⓗ࡞࠸ࡋ㜚தⓗ࡞せ⣲ࢆᇶ┙ࡋ࡚ᡂ❧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡣ࠸ࡼ࠺ࡢ࡞࠸ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ⥭ᙇ㛵ಀࡢ୰࡛ࡇࡑࠊᶒ࠸࠺┈ㄪᩚࡢ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࡣ⥔ᣢࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡛ ࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊᶒࢆᡂ❧ࡉࡏಖᣢࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡓࡵࡣࠊᖖᶒ⪅⮬㌟ࡼࡿ ✚ᴟⓗ࡞㛵ࡀ๓ᥦࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡿ19ࠋࡑࡢཎ⌮ࢆࠊࡘ࡚➹⪅ࡣࠕࢡ࣮࣒ࣞ ᩥࠖࢇࡔࡇࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࡑࢀᑐࢆᡂࡍࡢࡀࠕ࢜ࢿ࢞ᩥ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾ20ࠊ ࡑࡢᴫᛕࡣࠊ᪥ᮏ♫࡞࠸ࡋ᪥ᮏᩥ㸦ࡑࡇ࡛⏕άࡍࡿேࠎࡢ♫ⓗ┦⾜Ⅽ㸧ࢆ ⌮ゎࡍࡿୖ࡛ࡢ୍ࡘࡢ⌮ゎᯟ⤌ࡳ࡞ࡿࡼ࠺ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ1999 ᖺⴭࡋࡓᣋ✏ࠕ⌮ ゎᯟ⤌ࡳࡋ࡚ࡢ࢜ࢿ࢞ᩥࠖ 㸦๓ฟὀ 20 ཧ↷㸧࠾࠸࡚ࠊࡑࡢᐇ࡞ࡿ 1982 ᖺ㉳ࡁࡓ⡿ᅜ࡛ࡢฟ᮶㸦 ࠕࣛࢪ࢜ᒁ௳ࠖ 㸧ࡀḟࡢࡼ࠺⤂ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡇࡢฟ᮶ࡀ㇟ᚩⓗ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࠊࡑࢀࡣ࣓ࣜ࢝࠸࠺♫ࡀᶒᙇࡢ⥙ ࡢ┠ࡋ࡚⌮ゎࡉࢀ࠺ࡿᛶ㉁ࢆࡶࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᩥࢆࠕࢡ ࣮࣒ࣞᩥࠖࡪࡇࡋࡓ࠸ࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࡣ┈㸦ࣥࢱࣞࢫࢺ㸧ࡣᶒ࠸࠺ ⨨ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ᐇ⌧ࡉࢀࡿࡀࠊࡑࡢᐇ⌧㈐௵ࢆࡶࡘࡢࡣᇶᮏⓗࡣ┈ࢆாཷࡍࡿഃ ࡢ⪅࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ᶒᙇ㸦ࢡ࣮࣒࣭ࣞせồ㸧ࢆࡍࡿࡇࡣᶒࢆࡶࡘ⪅ࡢ ᙜ↛ࡢ㈐ົ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࠋ……࡛ࡣ⚾ࡣఱᨾࠊ␒⤌ࡢጞࡲࡿ๓ࢸ࣮ࣉࡢࡇ ࢆ☜ㄆࡋ࡞ࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞☜ㄆࢆࡍࢀࡤ┦ᡭࡢ⬟ຊࡸㄔ ᶒࡢྰᐃࡣே᱁ࡑࡢࡶࡢࡢྰᐃࡘ࡞ࡀࡿࠊࡑࡢᐖᑐࡋ࡚᩿ᅛࡋ࡚ᢠࡍࡿࡇࡣ ᶒࢆᣢࡘ⪅ࡢ⩏ົ࡛࠶ࡿ R࣭࢙࣮ࣜࣥࢢࡣຊᙉࡃッ࠼ࡓࠋྠࠗᶒࡢࡓࡵࡢ㜚த࠘ 㸦ᒾἼ ᩥᗜࠊ1982 ᖺ㸧ཧ↷ࠋ࡞࠾ࠊึฟࡀ 1872 ᖺࡢཎ㸦Rudolf von Jhering, Der Kampf um’s Recht㸧ࢆ ᮏ✏➹⪅ࡣࡲࡔཧ↷࡛ࡁ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋᮧୖ῟୍ヂࡢୖグ㑥ヂ᭩ࡽࡑࡢࡲࡲᘬ⏝ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡃࡇ ࡞ࡿࡀࠊ࢙࣮ࣜࣥࢢࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺㸦⇕ࡃ㸧ㄒࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠕ⮬ศࡢᶒࡀ࠶ࡽࡉࡲ㍍ど ࡉࢀ㋞㌕ࡉࢀࡿ࡞ࡽࡤࡑࡢᶒࡢ┠ⓗ≀ࡀࡉࢀࡿࡲࡽࡎ⮬ᕫࡢே᱁ࡲ࡛ࡶࡀ⬣ࡉࢀ ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡀࢃࡽ࡞࠸⪅ࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ≧ἣ࠾࠸࡚⮬ᕫࢆᙇࡋࠊṇᙜ࡞ᶒࢆᙇࡍࡿ⾪ື 㥑ࡽࢀ࡞࠸⪅ࡣࠊຓࡅ࡚ࡸࢁ࠺ࡋ࡚ࡶ࠺ࡶ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ͐͐ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ㐃୰ࡩࡉࢃࡋ࠸၏ ୍ࡢゝⴥࡣ͐͐࢝ࣥࢺࡢ୍࡛ྃ࠶ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ ࠕࡳࡎࡽࡅࡽ࡞ࡿ⪅ࡣࠊ࠶࡛㋃ࡳࡘࡅ ࡽࢀ࡚ࡶᩥྃࡣゝ࠼࡞࠸ࠖ͐͐㹙ణࡋ㹛⚾ࡣࢇ࡞த࠸࠾࠸࡚ࡶᶒࡢࡓࡵࡢ㜚தࢆ⾜࡞࠼ せㄳࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ͐͐⚾ࡢ⌮ㄽࡼࡗ࡚ᢈุࡉࢀࡿࡢࡣࠊ⮑ࡸ⢭ࡸᛰࡼࡗ࡚ₔ ↛ἲࢆ⏑ཷࡍࡿែᗘࡔࡅ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠖ 㸦 ࠕᗎᩥࠖp.13, p.15㸧 ࠕᶒ㸻ἲࡢ┠ᶆࡣᖹ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢ ࡓࡵࡢᡭẁࡣ㜚த࡛࠶ࡿࠋᶒ㸻ἲࡀἲࡼࡿᐖࢆணࡋ࡚ࡇࢀᑐᢠࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ ࡂࡾ͐͐ᶒ㸻ἲࡗ࡚㜚தࡀ⏝࡞ࡿࡇࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ͐͐ᶒࡢࡓࡵࡢ㜚தࡣࠊᶒ⪅ࡢ ⮬ศ⮬㌟ᑐࡍࡿ⩏ົ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠖ 㸦 ࠕᮏᩥࠖp.29, p49㸧 20 ࡇࡢ୍ᑐࡢゝⴥࡀᩥᏐࡋ࡚ึࡵ࡚Ⓩሙࡍࡿࡢࡣࠊ ⏣Ᏻᘯࠕ᪥ᮏேࡀᶒྥࡁྜ࠺ࠖ 㸦ᅜ 㝿ேὶ 40 ྕࠊ1990 ᖺ㸧࠾࠸࡚࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࡑࡢㄽⅬࢆᩚ⌮ࡋ࡚♧ࡋࡓࡶࡢࡀࠊྠࠕ⌮ゎᯟ ⤌ࡳࡋ࡚ࡢ࢜ࢿ࢞ᩥࠖ 㸦㜰ዪᏊᏛே㛫㛵ಀㄽ㞟 16 ྕࠊ1999 ᖺ㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 19 10 法社会学叙説・秋霜編 153 ពࢆ࠺ࡇ࡞ࡿᜍࢀࡀ࠶ࡿ↓ព㆑ุ᩿ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ᪥ᮏࡢ♫࡛ ࡣᶒᙇࡣ⮬↛࡞⾜Ⅽ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ……ᶒᙇࡣࠕゝࢃࡎࡶࡀ࡞ࠖࡢࡇࡋ࡚ ᩗ㐲ࡉࢀࠊࡴࡸࡳࡑࢀࢆࡍࢀࡤࠕࡣࡋࡓ࡞࠸ࠖ⾜Ⅽࡋ࡚㍍ࡢᑐ㇟ࡶ࡞ࡾ ࡡ࡞࠸ࠋ┈ᥦ౪⪅ࡢ㓄៖ࡀ༑ศ࡛┈ࡢᐇ⌧ࡀ༴ࡪࡲࢀࡿࡁ࡛ࡉ࠼ࠊᶒ ᙇࡣ␗࡞ࡿࡾࡃࡔࡗࡓᙧࡢពᛮࡢఏ㐩㸦 ࠕ࠾㢪࠸ࠖ 㸧ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡿࡢࡀᬑ㏻࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠕࡍࡳࡲࡏࢇࡀࠊᝏ࠸ࢇ࡛ࡍࡅࠊࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡅ࡞࠸࡛ࡋࡻ࠺ࠖࠊࡇࡕࡽࡣᑡ ࡋࡶᝏࡃ࡞࠸ࡢゝࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠋࡇࢀࡀࠕ࢜ࢿ࢞ᩥࠖ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 㸦pp.3f㸧 ࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࠕ࢜ࢿ࢞ᩥࠖⓗ≉㉁ࡀࠊᛴ⃭࡞♫ኚືࡢ㐍⾜ࡍ ࡿ⌧௦ࡢ᪥ᮏ♫࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊኚࢃࡽࡎ⥔ᣢࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡃࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡑࡢⅬ 㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊྠࡌㄽ✏ࠊูࡢᣋ✏ࢆ᰿ᣐࡋ࡚ḟࡢࡼ࠺㏙ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ⤖ㄽࢆඛ㏙ࢀࡤ……᪥ᮏࡢ♫࠾࠸࡚ࡣ⌧ᅾ࡛ࡶࠕᶒࠖࡢほᛕࡣᮍᾘࡢ ࡲࡲ࡛࠶ࡾࠊⱝ⪅ࡓࡕࡢ㛫࡛ࡉ࠼ࠕᶒᮏࠖࡢ࣮ࣝࣝࡀ☜❧ࡉࢀࡓࡣ࠸࠸ࡀࡓ ࠸ࠋ……ⱝ⪅ࡓࡕࡢࠕ᪥ᮏேⓗἲព㆑ࠖࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠕ⩏ົᮏࠖࡢ࣮ࣝࣝࡢ᥇⏝ࢆ♧ ࡍ࡛ࡶࡗࡶከࡗࡓࡢࡣࠊ㈚ࡋࡓࡶࡢࡢ㏉༷ࢆㄳồ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸㸦࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣㄳồࡋ ࡃ࠸㸧࠸࠺ᝎࡳ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣࠕ࢜ࢿ࢞ᩥࠖࡢᚰࡋ࡚๓㏙ࡋࡓࡇ ࢁࡢᚰ⌮ᶵไࡑࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠕ┦ᡭᚿྥࠖࡢุ᩿㸦ࡕ࡞ࡳࠊྰᐃၥ ᑐࡍࡿ᪥ᮏㄒࡢཷࡅ⟅࠼ࡀࡇࡢࡇࢆࡼࡃ≀ㄒࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸧ࠕ⮬ᡃ㜵⾨ࠖࡢᚲせ㸦ࡇ ࢀࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ๓㏙ࡋࡓ㸧ࡽࠊ ࠕୡ㛫ࠖ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠕ࿘ᅖࠖࡢ⣡ᚓࢆᚓࡽࢀࡿ≧ἣࡀᡂ ❧ࡍࡿࡲ࡛ࠊᶒᙇࡣ࠾㡸ࡅ࡞ࡿࠋ……ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࡽࠊ ࠕ⩏ົᮏࠖࡢ࣮ࣝ ࣝࡀ࠺ࡲࡃᶵ⬟ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢࡸࡗ࠸࡞᮲௳⮬ࡽࡢ⏕άࢆ㐺ྜࡉࡏࡿࡼࡾࡶࠊࡴࡋ ࢁࠕᶒᮏࠖࡢ࣮ࣝࣝ⛣⾜ࡍࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ၥ㢟ࢆゎỴࡍࡁ࡛࠶ ࡿ࠸࠺⪃࠼᪉ࡢேࡀ⏕ࡌ࡚ࡃࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ⌧ᅾ࡛ࡣࡲࡔ㠀᪥ᖖⓗ࡞ே㛫㛵ಀࡢ ሙ࠾࠸࡚᥇⏝ࡉࢀࡿࡲࡿࡇࡢከ࠸ࠕᶒᮏࠖࡢ࣮ࣝࣝࢆࠊ᪥ᖖⓗ࡞㛵 ಀ࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㐺⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡇ࠺ࡍࡿ᪂ࡋ࠸⪃࠼᪉࡛࠶ࡿࠋᩘࡢୖ࡛ࡣࡲࡔࡲࡔᑡᩘ ὴ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ᪥ᖖ⏕ά⮬యࡀࠕಶᐊࠖࡋ࡚㠀᪥ᖖⓗ࡞ே㛫㛵ಀ㏆࡙࠸࡚࠸ࡃ࡞ ࡽࡤࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ⪃࠼᪉ࡣࡇࢀࡽᛴ㏿ᗈࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡃྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡼ࠺ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ 㸦pp.8f㸧 ࡇࡇ࡛᰿ᣐ࡞ࡗࡓࠕูࡢᣋ✏ࠖࡣࠊ1997 ᖺබหࡢᣋ✏ࠕKT ୡ௦ࡢᶒほᛕࠖ ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡇ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ⮬ࡽࡢㄪᰝࢹ࣮ࢱᇶ࡙ࡁࠊ ࠕᶒᮏ࣮ࠖࣝࣝࠕ⩏ົᮏ ࣮ࠖࣝࣝࡢẚ㔜㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊⱝ⪅ࡓࡕࡢ⾜Ⅽࡸព㆑ࡀศᯒࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ ࡋ࡚᫂ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓࡇࡣࠊ ࠕ⩏ົᮏࠖࡢⅬࢆ࠸ࡇ࡞ࡍカ⦎㸦 ࠕ♫ࠖ 㸧ࡢሙ ࡀᕼⷧ࡞ࡗࡓࡇࡽࠊᑡ࡞ࡽࡠᩘࡢⱝ⪅ࡓࡕࠕ⩏ົᮏࠖ㞳ࢀࡢೃࡀぢ ࡽࢀࡿ୍᪉࡛ࠊ ࠕᶒᮏࠖࡢ㠃ⓗᒎ㛤ࡣ⮳ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠕࡗࡕࡘࡎࠖࡢ≧ἣ ࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ21ࠋ 21 ⏣ᏳᘯࠕKT ୡ௦ࡢᶒほᛕࠖ 㸦㜰ዪᏊᏛே㛫㛵ಀㄽ㞟 14 ྕࠊ1997 ᖺ㸧ཧ↷ࠋࡇࡢㄽ✏ 11 154 和田 安弘 ୖ㏙ࡋࡓࡼ࠺ࠊ㈨ᮏ⩏ࡢୡ⏺࡞ࢀࡤࠊ ࠕ㈈≀ࡶࠊࡑࢀࢆᨭ㓄ࡍࡿグྕ࡛࠶ ࡿᶒࡶࠊ⌧ᐇᨭ㓄࠸࠺࿚⦡ࡽゎࡁᨺࡓࢀ࡚ࠊᶒᛕⓗ࣭ᢳ㇟ⓗ࡞Ꮡᅾ࡞ࡿࠖ ࡢ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊศᴗࡢ⤖ᯝࡋ࡚ࡢಶࠎேࡢ┦౫Ꮡᛶࡽᚲ↛ⓗ⏕ࡌ࡚ࡃࡿ㏆௦ ⓗᶒࡣࠊ ࠕ⤯ᑐᛶࠖࠕほᛕᛶࠖࢆࡑࡢ≉ᚩࡋ࡚ᣢࡘࡣࡎ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡋࡋࠊ᪥ ᮏ♫࠾ࡅࡿࠕᶒࠖࡣࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᚭᗏࢆ㐙ࡆࡿࡇ࡞ࡃ᪥⮳ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿゝ ࠼ࡑ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡇࡲ࡛➨㸶ㅮ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ௦⾲ⓗ࡞ᇶᮏᩥ⊩⮬ࡽࡢㄪᰝ◊✲ ゝཬࡍࡿࡇࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊࡑࡢ࠶ࡾᵝࢆᥥ࠸࡚ࡁࡓࠋ᪥ᮏ♫ࡣࠊࡑࡢᴫほࡣࡍ࡛ ᶒ♫ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᐇ㝿ࡢᶒᙇࡶ㢖⦾࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊࡑ ࢀࡀࠊ᪥ᖖⓗ࡞⏕άឤぬࡲ࡛῝ࡃᾐ㏱ࡋ࡚ࡣ࠸࡞࠸㸦᪥ᖖⓗࡣࠊᶒᙇࡍࡿ ࡇࠊ࡞ࡾࡢ⛬ᗘࡢࠕࡓࡵࡽ࠸ࠖࡀ࠶ࡿゝࡗ࡚ࡶࡼ࠸㸧ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡇ ࡇࡑࠊ᪥ᮏ♫ࡢ≉Ⰽࡀ࠶ࡿゝ࠺ࡁ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ ࠕᶒᮏࠖࠕ⩏ົᮏࠖࡢࣝ ࣮ࣝࡣࠊ᪥ᮏ♫࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㢧ⴭ࡞㔜ᵓ㐀≧ែࢆ♧ࡍ⌮ゎࡍࡁ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺22ࠋ ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ⌮ゎࢆࡉࡽ῝ࡵࡿࡓࡵࠊḟࠊᶒᙇࡢᆺⓗ࡞ᙧ࡛࠶ࡿุࡘ ࠸࡚ㄒࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡇࡢㄽⅬࢆᩚ⌮ࡋ࡚ࡳࡓ࠸ࠋ ࠾ࡅࡿศᯒࡼࡗ࡚ᚓࡽࢀࡓࡶࡗࡶ㔜せ࡞ㄽⅬࡣࠊ᪥ᮏᩥࡢࠕ┦ᡭᚿྥࠖᛶ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡶ ࡑࡶ┦ᡭᚿྥࡢᩥ࡛࠶ࡿࡽࠕ⩏ົᮏࠖࡀᇶᮏ࡞ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ ࠕᏊ౪ࡢࡁࡽ㛗࠸ 㛫ࢆࡅ࡚ࡑࡢゝㄒࢤ࣮࣒࡞ࡌࢇ࡛࠸࡚ࡇࡑࠊࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞≧ἣุ᩿㹙ࡑࡢሙ࠾࠸࡚ලయⓗ ఱࡀồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡘ࠸࡚ࡢุ᩿㹛ࡀྍ⬟࡞ࡿ͐͐᰾ᐙ᪘ࡢ࡞࡛ಶᐊࡋࡓ✵㛫௬ ⌧ᐇ㛗㛫ࢆ㐣ࡈࡋࠊ♫ࡢ࡞࡛ࡶ࡞ࡿࡃ႐ᛣယᴦࡢࡪࡘࡾ࠶࠸ࢆ㑊ࡅ࡚㏻ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ ே㛫㛵ಀࢆồࡵࡿ࡞ࡽࡤࠊ ࠕ⩏ົᮏࠖࡢ࣮ࣝࣝࡢᇶ♏࡞ࡿ᪥ᮏ♫ࡢゝㄒࢤ࣮࣒ࢆ⩦ᚓࡍࡿ ࢳࣕࣥࢫࡣⴭࡋࡃῶᑡࡍࡿࠖ 㸦๓ᥖᣋ✏ࠕ⌮ゎᯟ⤌ࡳࡋ࡚ࡢ࢜ࢿ࢞ᩥࠖpp.7f㸧ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᪥ᮏ♫ࠕ┦ᡭᚿྥࠖ ࠕ⩏ົᮏࠖࡢഴྥࡀぢࡽࢀࡿ⌮⏤ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶࠊḟࡢࡼ࠺ㄝ᫂ࡉࢀ࡚ ࠸ࡿࠋࠕ᪥ᮏࡢ♫࡛ᶒᙇࡀࡓࡵࡽࢃࢀࡿࡢࡣఱᨾ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ͐͐ࡑࢀࡣ┦ᡭ᪉࡞࠸ࡋࡣ ࡑࡢ⫼ᚋ࠶ࡿ⪅୍⯡㸦 ࠕୡ㛫ࠖ 㸧ࡢᢎㄆࢆᚓࡓ࠸࠸࠺ᚰ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ͐͐ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠕேࡢ┠ࠖ ↷ࡽࡋ࡚Ẽࡢࡦࡅࡿࡇࡣ⮬ⓗ࡞つไࡢᑐ㇟࡞ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ᪥ᮏேࡣࡇࡢᇶ‽ࡀ༙ࡤ ↓ព㆑⥔ᣢࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ͐͐ࡑࢀࡣ᪥ᮏࡢ♫ᗈࡃぢࡽࢀࡿࠕつ⠊ᐇࡢ୍ඖࠖ⌧㇟ ῝ࡃ㛵ಀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ͐͐㹙࠼ࡤ㹛⌧ᑐ㇟ࢆᨭ㓄ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⪅୍✀ࡢṇᙜᛶࡀࡉࢀࡿឤぬ ࡢࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ͐͐㈚ࡋࡓࡶࡢࡢ㏉༷ࢆ㏕ࡿࡢࡣᐇୖ┦ᡭࡽࡑࢀࢆዣ࠺ࡇ࡞ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ ࡿࡽࠊࡦࡘ㛫㐪࠼ࡤࡑࢀࡣᙉḧ࡞⾜Ⅽࡋ࡚ࡽࢀࡿᜍࢀࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࠕᙉḧࠖࡔࠕࢣࢳࠖ ࡔ࠸࠺ྰᐃⓗ࡞ࣞࢵࢸࣝࢆ㈞ࡽࢀࡿࡇࡣࠊ⮬ᡃ㜵⾨ୖࡢ⬣ጾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ͐͐ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ ༢ᶒࡀ࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ㊊ࡾ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢᶒᙇ┦ᡭ᪉ࡸୡ㛫ࢆ⣡ᚓࡉࡏࡿ ࡔࡅࡢ⌮⏤ࡀᚲせ࡞ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ͐͐ୡ㛫ࢆ⣡ᚓࡉࡏࡽࢀࡿࡔࡅࡢ᮲௳ࡀࡑࢁࢃ࡞ࡅࢀࡤࠊ ᶒᙇࡣࡑࡢศࡔࡅࠕ࢜ࢿ࢞ࠖࡋ࡚ࡢᛶ᱁ࢆⰍ⃰ࡃࡶࡘࡇ࡞ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠖ 㸦ྠ pp.4f㸧 22 ⏣Ᏻᘯࠗἲ⣮தࡢ♫Ꮫ࠘ 㸦ୡ⏺ᛮ♫ࠊ1994 ᖺ㸧➨ 5 ❶㸦≉ࠊᅗ 4㸧ཧ↷ࠋ 12 法社会学叙説・秋霜編 155 㸲㸬➨㸷ㅮ㸦ᶒᙇࡋ࡚ࡢุ㸧 ᪥ᮏேࡀッゴࢆࡍࡿࡇࢆዲࡲ࡞࠸⪃࠼ࡿࡢࡣࠕ⚄ヰࠖ㐣ࡂ࡞࠸ࠊ࠸࠺ ᙇࡀ⡿ᅜࡢ᪥ᮏἲ◊✲⪅ࡽᥦ㉳ࡉࢀࠊࡑࢀࡀࠕᕝᓥㄝࠖᑐࡍࡿ㢧ⴭ࡞ㄽ࡞ ࡿࡋ࡚ࡁ࡞ヰ㢟࡞ࡗࡓࡇࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢㄽ✏ࠊ⡿ᅜ࣡ࢩࣥࢺࣥᕞ❧Ꮫ࣮࣭ࣟ ࢫࢡ࣮ࣝᩍᤵ㸦ᙜ㸧J࣭O࣭࣮࣊ࣜ㸦John Owen Haley㸧ࡢࠕ⚄ヰࡋ࡚ࡢッゴ ᎘࠸“The Myth of the Reluctant Litigant”ࠖࢆࡸࡸヲࡋࡃぢ࡚࠸ࡃࡇࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊ᪥ᮏ ࠾ࡅࡿࠕᶒᙇࡋ࡚ࡢุࠖࡘ࠸࡚⪃࠼࡚ࡳࡓ࠸ᛮ࠺23ࠋ ࡲࡎࠕᕝᓥㄝࠖࡣఱࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊ࣮࣊ࣜࡼࢀࡤࠊ᪥ᮏࡢෆእࢆၥࢃࡎᗈ ࡃཷࡅධࢀࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠶ࡿぢゎࢆ௦⾲ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡑࡢぢゎࡣࠊ ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ᪥ᮏேࡣࠊ ࠕ⚾ⓗ࡞⣮தࢆ㠀බᘧⓗゎ࡛ゎỴࡍࡿࡇࢆዲࡴᑜᖖ࡞ ࡽࡊࡿᩥⓗ㑅ዲࠊ࠾ࡼࡧࡑࡢ⣔ࡋ࡚ࡢྖἲⓗỴࢆ⾜࠺බᘧⓗᶵ㛵ࢆᩗ㐲ࡍࡿ ഴྥ“an unusual and deeply rooted cultural preference for informal, mediated settlement of private disputes and a corollary aversion to the formal mechanisms of judicial adjudication”(p.359)ࠖࡀ࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࡋ࡚ࠊ ࠕබᘧⓗ⣮தゎỴᶵ㛵ࡀഛࢃࡗ࡚࠸ ࡿࡶࢃࡽࡎࠊࡑࡢ⏝✚ᴟⓗ࡞ࢀ࡞࠸“Japanese do not take advantage of the available mechanisms for formal dispute resolution”(p.359)ࠖࡇ࡞ࡿࡀࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓഴ ྥࢆୗᨭ࠼ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡀࠊ ࠕ᪥ᮏே≉᭷ࡢࠊጇ༠ࢆዲࡳࠊ㯮ⓑࢆ᫂☜ࡍࡿゎỴࢆಙ 㢗ࡏࡎࠊබⓗㄽதࡋබⓗゎỴࡍࡿࡇࢆ᎘࠺ᛶ᱁“a peculiar Japanese penchant for compromise, distrust of clearcut ‘all or none’ solutions and distaste for both public quarrels and their public resolution”(p.359)࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿ࠸࠺⌮ゎ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢぢゎࢆࡶࡗࡶ᫂ ᛌ⾲᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡀࠊ᪥ᮏ࠾ࡅࡿᑟⓗἲ♫Ꮫ⪅ࡢ୍ே࡛࠶ࡿᕝᓥṊᐅ࡛࠶ ࡾࠊ≉ࠊ➨㸶ㅮ࡛ࡶྲྀࡾୖࡆࡓࠗ᪥ᮏேࡢἲព㆑࠘ࡢ➨ 5 ❶㸦Ẹッゴࡢἲព㆑㸧 ࡣࡑࢀࡀ᫂♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠊ࣮࣊ࣜࡣ㏙࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ྠୖㄽ✏ p.360 ࠾ࡼࡧྠ✏ 23 John O. Haley (1978), The Myth of the Reluctant Litigant, 4 Journal of Japanese Studies 359.ࡇࡢㄽ✏ ࡢඖ࡞ࡗࡓ࣌ࣃ࣮㸦1976 ᖺ㸧ࡢࢱࢺࣝࡣࠕ᪥ᮏேࡣッゴዲࡁ࡞ࡢࡶ㸦 ͆The Litigious Japanese?͇ 㸧 ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢ㢟ྡࡣࠊ1978 ᖺࡢୖグㄽᩥࡢㄽⅬࢆࠊࡼࡾ┤᥋ⓗ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ ࠺ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ࡞࠾ࠊㄽᩥබหྠࡌᖺࡢ 1978 ᖺࠊ㑥ヂࡀἲᚊ㞧ㄅᥖ㍕ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ࢪࣙ ࣭ࣥO࣭࣮࣊ࣜ㸦ຍ⸨᪂ኴ㑻ヂ㸧 ࠕุ᎘࠸ࡢ⚄ヰ㸦ୖ࣭ୗ㸧 ุࠖሗ 902࣭907 ྕࠊ1978࣭ 1979 ᖺ㸧 ࠋ᭷⬟࡞ุᐁࡼࡿ㎿㏿࡞ヂฟࡀࡇࡢㄽ✏ࡢὀ┠ᗘࢆ㧗ࡵࡓࡇࡣ࠸࡞ࡃࠊࡑࡢ ᴗ⦼ࡣ㧗ࡃホ౯ࡉࢀࡿࡁ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ㑥ヂࡔࡅ࡛㆟ㄽࡍࡿࡇࡣⴠࡋ✰ࡀ࠶ ࡾ࠺ࡿ㸦ࡇࡢㄽ✏ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶࡑࡢእ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸㸧ࡇ␃ពࡍࡁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 13 156 和田 安弘 ὀ 1 ཧ↷㸧 ࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊୖグࡢࠕ᪥ᮏࡢෆእࢆၥࢃࡎᗈࡃཷࡅධࢀࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿぢ ゎࠖࡢࡇࢆࠊᮏ✏࡛ࡶࠕᕝᓥㄝࠖࡪࡇࡍࡿࠋ ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡣࠊ༠ㄪⓗ࡞ே㛫㛵ಀࢆ㔜どࡍࡿఏ⤫ⓗ౯್ほࡀ⥔ᣢࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊッ ゴࡼࡾ᫂☜ᶒ⩏ົࢆ☜ᐃࡍࡿࡇࡣዲࡲࢀࡎࠊッゴࢆᥦ㉳ࡍࡿࡇࡣබ↛ࡓ ࡿᣮᡓ㸦႖ვࢆࡿࡇ㸧ࡳ࡞ࡉࢀࡿࠊᕝᓥࡀ㏙࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࣮࣊ࣜࡣ╔ ┠ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ24ࠋ ࠗ᪥ᮏேࡢἲព㆑࠘ࡣࠊ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺㏙ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࢃࡀᅜ࡛ࡣ୍⯡ࠊ⚾ே㛫ࡢ⣮தࢆッゴࡼࡗ࡚ゎỴࡍࡿࡇࢆࠊࡓࡵࡽ࠸ᡈ࠸ࡣ ࡁࡽ࠺࠸࠺ഴྥࡀ࠶ࡿ……ࠋ 㸦p.127㸧 ッゴࡣ㈝⏝㛫ࡀࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡣࠊࢃࡀᅜ࡛ッゴࡀᑡ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡇࢆㄝ ᫂ࡍࡿ༑ศ࡞⌮⏤ࡣ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡞࠸……ࡴࡋࢁ⌧௦ࡢุไᗘ᪥ᮏேࡢἲព㆑ ࡢࡎࢀ࠸࠺ࡇࡢ࠺ࡀࠊࡇࡢၥ㢟ࡗ࡚ࡣࡿ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࡼ࠺ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ ……すὒࡢุไᗘ࡞ࡽࡗࡓ⌧௦ࡢࢃࡀᅜࡢุไᗘࡣࠊ⣮தᐇࢆ᫂☜ࡋࡓ ୖࠊࡑࢀࡶ࡙࠸࡚ᙜ⪅ࡢᶒ⩏ົࢆ᫂☜ୟࡘ☜ᐃⓗࡢࡶࡢࡍࡿࡇࢆࠊ┠ ᶆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ……ࡇࢁࡀࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ゎỴࡣࠊᮏ᮶ࠊࢃࡀᅜࡢே㛫㛵ಀࡸࡑࢀ ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢព㆑ࡣ㐺ࡋ࡞࠸␗㉁ࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎࠊࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ุࡼࡗ ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡲ࡛᫂☜࣭☜ᐃ࡛࠶ࡗࡓᶒ⩏ົࡣࠊ᫂☜࣭☜ᐃⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ㌿ࡉࡏ ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑ࠺ࡋ࡚ࠊᶒ⩏ົࡀ᫂☜࣭☜ᐃⓗ࡛࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡇࡼࡗ࡚ᙜ⪅㛫ࡢ ዲⓗ࡞ᡈ࠸ࡣࠕ༠ྠయࠖⓗ࡞㛵ಀࡀᡂ❧ࡋࡲࡓ⥔ᣢࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡽࠊྑ ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ッゴࡣࠊ࠸ࢃࡺࡿࠕ㯮ⓑࢆ᫂ࡽࡍࡿࠖࡇࡼࡗ࡚ࠊࡇࡢዲⓗ࡞ࠕ༠ ྠయࠖⓗ࡞㛵ಀࡢᇶ♏ࢆ◚ቯࡍࡿࠋࡔࡽࠊఏ⤫ⓗ࡞ἲព㆑ࡗ࡚ࡣࠊッゴࢆ࠾ ࡇࡍ࠸࠺ࡇࡣࠊ┦ᡭ᪉ᑐࡍࡿබ↛ࡓࡿᣮᡓ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ႖ვࢆ྿ࡗࡅࡿࡇࢆ ពࡍࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 㸦pp.139f㸧 ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࠕᕝᓥㄝࠖᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ࣮࣊ࣜࡣ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡞ㄽࢆᒎ㛤ࡍࡿࠋ᭱ึ ᥦ㉳ࡋࡓၥ㢟ࡣࠊ ࠕッゴዲࡁ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ㸦ッゴࢆᥦ㉳ࡍࡿࡇᢠࡀ࡞࠸ࡇ㸧 “litigiousness”ࠖ࠸࠺ゝⴥࡢពࢆᐃ⩏ࡍࡿᚲせᛶ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⡿ᅜ᪥ᮏ࠾ࡅࡿ ἲ⾜Ⅽッゴࡢ௳ᩘࢆ㸦ேཱྀつᶍࢆ⪃៖ࡋ࡚㸧ẚ㍑ࡋ࡚ࡳࡿࠊ᫂ࡽ⡿ᅜࡢࡑࢀ ࡢ࠺ࡀከ࠸ࡇࡀࢃࡿࡀࠊࡑࢀ࡛ࡶࡑࡢẚ⋡ࡣಸ⛬ᗘ࡛࠶ࡿࡋࠊ༢ேཱྀᙜ ࡓࡾࡢẸ௳ᩘࢆẚ㍑ࡋ࡚ࡳࢀࡤࠊㅖእᅜẚ࡚᪥ᮏࡢᩘ್ࡀⴭࡋࡃప࠸ࢃࡅ ࠕᕝᓥㄝࠖࢆ᳨ドࡍࡿ ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸25ࠋࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ༢࡞ࡿ௳ᩘࡢẚ㍑ࡔࡅ࡛ࡣࠊ ͆As explained by Kawashima …… the endurance of a traditional concern for preserving cooperative personal relationships makes unwanted any definitive delineation of rights and duties through litigation. Bringing a lawsuit has meant issuing a ‘public challenge and provoking a quarrel.’͇ 㸦๓ᥖ Haley, pp.359f㸧 25 ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ⤫ィୖࡢᩘ್ࢆẚ㍑ࡍࡿ㝿ࡣࠊࡑࡇ࠸ࡃࡘࡶࡢ᧯సࡀᅾࡍࡿࡇ␃ពࡋ ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ࠼ࡤࠊ࣮࣊ࣜࡢᘬ⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢹ࣮ࢱࡣࠊṇつࡢッゴ௳ຍ࠼࡚ࡢ⠊ 24 14 法社会学叙説・秋霜編 157 ࡣ༑ศ࡞࠸ࡋ㐺ษ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ၥ㢟ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣࠊ ッゴ௳ᩘࡢᑡ࡞ࡉ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ ッゴࢆᥦ㉳ࡍࡿࡇᑐࡍࡿᢠឤ㸦᎘ᝏឤ㸧ࡢᏑᅾ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡽࠋ ຍ࠼࡚ࠊࡑࡢࠕᢠឤࠖࡘ࠸࡚ゝ࠼ࡤࠊ୍⯡ࠊッゴࡣࠕ᭱ᚋࡢᡭẁ“a last resort”ࠖ ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊ ࠕッゴࡣࠊ⤖ᒁࠊࢇᖖࠊ⣮தゎỴᡭẁࡋ࡚ࡣ㈝⏝ࡢࡿ 㠃ಽ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡽࠊ⣮தᙜ⪅ࡀ㠀බᘧ࡛⚾ⓗ࡞ゎỴࢆヨࡳࡼ࠺ࡍࡿࡢࡣࠊ ࡴࡋࢁᬑ㏻ࡢࡇ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊᐇ㝿ࠊࢇࡢ♫࠾࠸࡚ࠊ⣮தࡢከᩘࡣ㠀බ ᘧⓗゎỴࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ“Litigation, is, after all, almost always a costly and cumbersome process for resolving disputes, and ordinarily an aggrieved party to a dispute will attempt to reach informal private settlement. The overwhelming majority of disputes in most societies are in fact resolved informally.”(p.365)ࠖࡇࡶᛀࢀࡽࢀ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ ࠕᕝᓥㄝࠖࡢ᳨ドࢆࡍࡿ㝿ࡣࠊ ࠕッゴዲࡁࠖࡢᐃ⩏㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊḟࡢ ࡇࢆ☜ㄆࡋ࡚࠾ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࡢࡀ࣮࣊ࣜࡢᙇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠕ᪥ᮏேࡀࠕッゴ ᎘࠸࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿ࠸࠺㢟ࡀពࢆᡂࡍࡢࡣࠊ⣮தࢆᢪ࠼ࡓ᪥ᮏேࡀࠊッゴࢆࡍࢀࡤ ᚓࡽࢀࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ᚓࢆ↓どࡋ࡚ヰࡋྜ࠸ࡼࡿゎỴࢆ㑅ᢥࡍࡿഴྥࡀ࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢ ⤖ᯝࡋ࡚ࠊࡕࡽࡢᙜ⪅ࡣࠊࡃッゴࢆࡍࡿࡢࡣ᎘ࡔࡽ࠸࠺⌮⏤ ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊッゴࡢሙྜࡼࡾࡶ࡞⤖ㄽ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶྜពࡋ࡚㸦ཷࡅධࢀ࡚㸧ࡋࡲ࠺ ࠸࠺ែࡀ࠶ࡿࡁ㝈ࡽࢀࡿࠋ“Consequently, whether the Japanese are nonlitigious is in itself significant for our purposes here only if by ‘nonlitigious’ we mean that Japanese involved in a dispute tend to reach negotiated or mediated settlements that do not reflect the litigated outcomes and one of the parties accepts a less favorable result because of an aversion to litigation in general.”ࠖ ࠕッゴ௳ᩘࡑࡢࡶࡢពࡀ࠶ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ ࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊ௦᭰ⓗ⣮தゎỴᶵ㛵ࡀ࠺ࡲࡃά⏝ࡉࢀࡿ࡞ࡽࡤࠊุࡼࡾࡶࡓࡽࡉࢀࡿ つ⠊ࡢ♫ⓗຠຊࢆఱࡽᦆ࡞࠺ࡇ࡞ࡃッゴ௳ᩘࢆῶࡽࡍࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ “The frequency of litigation alone is not meaningful since the availability and successful utilization of alternative mechanisms for settlement may reduce litigation without impairing the efficacy of judicially-imposed norms.”(p.366)ࠖ ࡇࡢࡇࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚ࠊ࠶ࡽࡓࡵ࡚ࠊ᪥ᮏேࡣࠕッゴ᎘࠸ࠖࠊၥ࠺࡞ࡽࡤࠊࡑ ࡢࠕッゴ᎘࠸ࠖࢆ♧ࡍドᣐࡣ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡑࢀࡣ࡞࠸ࠊ࠸࠺ࡢࡀ࣮࣊ࣜ ᅖࡢ⡆᫆ᡭ⥆௳㸦᪥ᮏࡢሙྜࡣࠊㄪ࣭╩ಁ㸦ᨭᡶ௧㸧 ࣭௬ฎศ࡞ࡢ௳ᩘ㸧ࡀྵࡲࢀ࡚ ࠸ࡿࡢࡀᚲࡎࡋࡶ᫂ࡽ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸦๓ᥖ Haley, p.362㸧 ࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢᢅ࠸ḟ➨࡛ࠕ௳ᩘࠖࡀⴭࡋ ࡃኚືࡍࡿࡇࡣゝ࠺ࡲ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸ࠋ 15 158 和田 安弘 ࡢぢゎ࡛࠶ࡿ26ࠋࡑ࠺࡛࠶ࡿ௨ୖࠊッゴ௳ᩘࡢ┦ᑐⓗ࡞ᑡ࡞ࡉࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ ࠕᕝᓥㄝࠖ ࡣูࡢㄝ᫂ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡇ࡞ࡿࠋ࣮࣊ࣜࡣࠊࡑࡢㄝ᫂ࢆ㸦 ࠕព ㆑ࠖࡣูḟඖࡢ㸧ไᗘⓗ࡞ㅖഃ㠃ồࡵࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࣮࣊ࣜࡢᣦࡋࡓࠕッゴࡀ┦ᑐⓗᑡ࡞࠸ࡇ“a relative lack of litigation”ࠖࡘ ࠕ➨୕⪅ࡢ௰ࡢ᭷ຠᛶ“the effectiveness ࠸࡚ࡢせᅉࡣ௨ୗࡢᅄࡘ࡛࠶ࡿ27ࠋ➨୍ࡣࠊ of third party intervention”࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ࣮࣊ࣜࡣࠊ᪥ᮏ♫ࢆࠊ⡿ᅜࡢࡼ࠺࡞ὶືⓗ ࡛ಶே⩏ⓗ࡞♫ẚ࡚ࠊࡼࡾᏳᐃⓗ࡞㸦♫⛛ᗎࡀ㝵ᒙⓗᏳᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸧 ♫࡛࠶ࡿࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞♫࠾࠸࡚ࡣ➨୕⪅ࡢ᭷ຠ࡞㛵ࡀᡂ❧ࡋࡸࡍ࠸ ぢ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ᪥ᮏேࡀッゴࢆ㢖⦾⏝ࡋ࡞࠸࡛῭ࡲࡏࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣࠊ せࡍࡿࠊ᪥ᮏ♫ࡣࠊ ࠕ➨୕⪅ࡢ௰ࡼࡿ㠀බᘧⓗ࡞⣮தゎỴࠊࡼࡾ㐺ྜⓗ ࡞♫⤌⧊౯್ほࡀ࠶ࡿࡽ“because of social organization and values more conducive to informal dispute resolution through mediation”(p.379)ࠖ࠸࠺ㄝ࡛᫂࠶ࡿࠋ ࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊࡇࢀ࡛ࡣࠕᕝᓥㄝࠖ༑ṌⓒṌ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠊㄽࡉࢀࡿࡢࢆぢ ㉺ࡋ࡚ࡢࡇ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠊ࣮࣊ࣜࡣࠊ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࠊࡼࡾࠕไᗘⓗࠖ࡞せᅉࡶᣦ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ➨ࡽ➨ᅄࡢ୕ࡘࡢせᅉࡣࠊ ࠕ♫⤫ไ♫Ⓨᒎࢆᢸ࠺ྖἲࡢຠ⏝ࢆ㜼ᐖࡋ ࡓࡾቑᙉࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿ୍㐃ࡢせᅉ“another set of factors that do inhibit or enhance the utility of the judicial model as a vehicle for social control and development”(p.379)࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ ୍ࡘ┠ࡣࠊሗ㸦information㸧 ࠋุᡤࡢάື㸦≉ࠊࡑࡢุỴෆᐜ㸧㛵ࡍࡿሗ ࡀ♫ⓗඹ᭷ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠺ࠊ࠸࠺ၥ㢟㛵ᚰ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡘ┠ࡣࠊࢡࢭࢫ 㸦access㸧 ࠋᐇ㝿ุᡤࡀ⏝ྍ⬟࡞Ꮡᅾ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠺ࠊ࠸࠺ၥ㢟㛵ᚰ ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ┤᥋ⓗ࡞⟶㎄ไ㝈㸦ุᡤࡢᑂ⌮ᑐ㇟ࡢ⠊ᅖ㸧 ࠊッゴ㈝⏝ࡸ㛫ⓗࢥࢫࢺ࡞ ࡽ⏕ࡌࡿᐇ㝿ୖࡢไ㝈࡞ࠊุᡤࡸἲ᭪ࡢไᗘࢆᩚഛࡍࡿㄢ㢟ࡶ㛵㐃ࡋ࡚ ࡃࡿࠋ୕ࡘ┠ࡣࠊᶒ㝈㸦capacity㸧 ࠋุᡤࡼࡿ㐺ษ࡞ᩆ῭ࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡣࠊ ࠕ᪥ᮏேࡣࠊッゴࡼࡾᚓࡽࢀࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ᚓࡼࡾࡶᑡ࡞࠸㢠࡛ࡶྜពࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡇ ࡞ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࠊ≉␗࡞ッゴ᎘࠸ࡢഴྥࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࡇࢆ♧ࡍドᣐࡣᏑᅾࡍࡿ࠸࠼ࡤࠊࡑࡢ⟅࠼ ࡣྰ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓドᣐࡀ࡞࠸ࡇࡣࠊ㏫ࡢ⤖ㄽࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊࢇࡢ᪥ᮏேࡣッゴࡼࡿ ᚓࡀゎࡼࡿᚓࢆୖᅇࡿࡁࡣッゴࢆ㑅ᢥࡍࡿࡇ࡞ࡿ࠸࠺⤖ㄽࡀᑟࢀࡿࡇ ࢆ♧၀ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ͆Is there, then, any evidence of an unusual Japanese aversion toward lawsuits that leads a party to accept a settlement less beneficial than one he anticipates he would gain by suing? The answer, I believe, is negative. What little evidence there is suggests the opposite ……͇(pp.367f)ࠖ 27 ๓ᥖ Haley, p.378 ௨ୗཧ↷ࠋ 26 16 法社会学叙説・秋霜編 159 ุᡤ⮬㌟ࡀࠊ⮬ࡽồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢆ⮬ぬࡋࠊࡑࡢุỴࢆᇳ⾜ࡍࡿᶒ㝈ࢆࡶ ࡘࡇࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ࣮࣊ࣜࡣ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ッゴࡢ┦ᑐⓗᑡ࡞ࡉࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿほⅬࡽࡇࢀࡽࡢせᅉࡘ࠸࡚⪃࠼ࡿࠊሗ ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࡁ࡞ၥ㢟ࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀࡎࠊࢡࢭࢫᶒ㝈ࡘ࠸࡚ไᗘୖࡢၥ㢟Ⅼࡀᣦ ࡉࢀ࠺ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿࠋ࣮࣊ࣜࡣࠊලయⓗࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ♧ࡋ࡚ࠊ᪥ᮏࡢุᐁࡢ㐣㔜 ㈇ᢸッゴ㐜ᘏࡢၥ㢟ࢆᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋุᡤࡢᶒ㝈ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᐇ㝿࠼ࡿᩆ ῭ࡢែᵝ㝈⏺ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ㸦࠼ࡤࠊබ⫋㑅ᣲἲ㛵㐃ࡢッゴ࡛᠇ἲ㐪ࡢุỴࡣฟ ࡋ࡚ࡶᙜヱ㑅ᣲࢆ↓ຠࡍࡿࡇࡣᕪࡋ᥍࠼ࡿ࠸ࡗࡓᨻⓗㅬᢚᛶ㸧ࡸࠊุỴࢆ ᇳ⾜ࡍࡿࡓࡵ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࠺ࡿࠕἲᘐ㎯ࡢᶒ⬟㸦contempt power㸧 ࠖࡀ᪥ᮏࡢุᡤ ࡣഛࢃࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇࡀ㔜࡞ၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ⪃ᐹࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚࣮࣊ࣜࡣࠊㄽ✏ࡢ᭱ᚋ࡛ḟࡢࡼ࠺⤖ㄽࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ28ࠋ ᪥ᮏேࡀッゴࢆࡇࡉࡽ᎘࠺࠸࠺ࠕ⚄ヰࠖࡣࡁࢃࡵ࡚ᐖࡢࡁ࠸ㄗゎ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ 㠀බᘧⓗ⣮தゎỴࡀዲࡲࢀࡿࡇ⮬యࡣࠊࢇࡍ࡚ࡢ♫࠾࠸࡚ぢࡽࢀࡿ ⌧㇟࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ᪥ᮏࡢ≧ἣࡘ࠸࡚≉➹ࡉࢀࡿࡇࡀ࠶ࡿࡍࢀࡤࠊࡑࢀࡣࠊッ ゴࠕ෭ࡓ࠸┠㸦censure㸧 ࠖࢆྥࡅࠊࡑࢀࢆ࡛ࡁࡿ㝈ࡾࠕ⚗ࡌᡭ㸦interdiction㸧 ࠖ ࡍࡿࡇࠊ ࠕไᗘⓗ࡞ᑐᛂࡼࡗ࡚㸦through institutional arrangements㸧 ࠖᡂຌࡋ࡚ ࠸ࡿ࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡑࡢ᪥ᮏ♫࠾ࡅࡿࢲࢼ࣑ࢡࢫࡽᏛࡿࡇࡣከ࠸ ࡣࡎ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ᪥ᮏࡢุᡤࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࡽὴ⏕ࡍࡿࣉࣛࢫ㠃㸦ุእ⣮தゎỴࡀಁ㐍 ࡉࢀࡿ࠸࠺ຠᯝ㸧ࡶ࣐ࢼࢫ㠃㸦ุࡼࡿᩆ῭㝈⏺ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚⏕ ࡎࡿㅖၥ㢟㸧ࡶ╔┠ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ◊✲ጼໃࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋッゴࡢᑡ࡞ࡉࢆࠕᩥⓗ࡞ࠊ ࡑࢀࡺ࠼ࠊኚ࠼ࡿࡇࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸ཎᅉ㸦cultural and thus more immutable causes㸧 ࠖ ồࡵ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡇࡣࠊ ࠕࡼࡾ᭷ຠᶵ⬟ࡍࡿྖἲ㸦a more effective judiciary㸧 ࠖࡢᐇ ⌧ྥࡅࡓດຊࡢጉࡆ࡞ࡿࡇࢆ⮬ぬࡍࡁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࠊ࣮࣊ࣜࡣࠊ ࠕᕝᓥㄝࠖࡢࡼ࠺♫⮬యഛࢃࡗࡓᩥ≉ᛶࡽ ၥ㢟㸦ッゴࡀᩗ㐲ࡉࢀࡿ࠸࠺⌧㇟㸧ࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊࡑࡢ≉ᛶࡀ♫ⓗ ไᗘࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺Ⅼ╔┠ࡍࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚ࠊไᗘⓗ࡞ㅖഃ㠃ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࡼ ࡾᐇドⓗ࡞どⅬᇶ࡙ࡃศᯒࢆヨࡳࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ࣮࣊ࣜࡢᙇ ࡣᚲࡎࡋࡶࠕᕝᓥㄝࠖࡢ᰿ᖿ࠶ࡿ♫ࡢᩥⓗ≉ᛶ࠸࠺どⅬࢆྰᐃࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀࠊព㆑ࡑࡢᫎࡋ࡚ࡢ♫ⓗ⾜Ⅽࡢ㛫ࠊᅾኚᩘࡋ࡚ࡢࠕไᗘⓗ 28 ๓ᥖ Haley, p.389 ௨ୗཧ↷ࠋ 17 160 和田 安弘 ࡞ࡶࡢࠖࢆᤣ࠼ࡿᚲせࢆ♧၀ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ᪥ᮏேࡢἲព㆑࣭ᶒព㆑ࡘ࠸࡚ ศᯒࡍࡿ㝿ࡣ␃ពࡉࢀࡿࡁ㔜せ࡞どⅬ࡛࠶ࡿゝ࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋ࠼ࡤࠊ ࠕᕝᓥㄝࠖࡢ ୍ࡘࡢ᰿ᣐࡋ࡚ᕝᓥ⮬㌟ࡀᣲࡆࡓࠊ➨୍ḟᡓᚋࡢッゴㄪࡢྜࡢኚ㸦➨ ḟᡓᮇࡲ࡛ࡢ⣙ 20 ᖺ㛫࠾࠸࡚ࠊㄪ௳ᩘࡀ㣕㌍ⓗቑࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ㸧ࡣᶒ ᙇࡼࡿၥ㢟ゎỴࢆ㑊ࡅ࡚ᅜẸࡀㄪᚿྥࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ㄝ᫂ᑐࡋ ࡚ࠊ࣮࣊ࣜࡣࠊᅜẸⓗព㆑ࡢ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿࡼࡾࡶࠊࡴࡋࢁᙜࡢᨭ㓄ᒙࡀᡴࡕฟࡋ ࡓᨻ⟇ࡢ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ഃ㠃╔┠ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ29ࠋᩥⓗ≉ᛶ࡛ࡍ࡚ࡀㄝ᫂ࡉࢀ ࡿࡼ࠺⪃࠼ࡿࡇࡣࠊᐇドⓗ࡞᳨ド㸦࠾ࡼࡧࡑࢀᇶ࡙ࡃ⌧㇟⌮ゎ㸧ࢆ⥾ࡵฟ ࡋࡡ࡞࠸༴࠺ࡉࡀ࠶ࡿࡼ࠺ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ 㸳㸬➨ ㅮ㸦ᶒᴫᛕࡢศᯒⓗ⪃ᐹ㸧 ࡇࡇࡲ࡛ࠊ➨㸵ㅮ࡛ࡣᶒᴫᛕࡢᡂ❧ࡘ࠸࡚ᴫほࡋࠊ➨㸶ㅮࠊ➨㸷ㅮ࡛ࡣࠊ᪥ ᮏ࠾ࡅࡿᶒࡢ⨨࡙ࡅࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ♫⏕ά୍⯡ࡢ୰࡛ࡢᶒᙇࠊ࠾ࡼࡧࠊ⣮ தゎỴ㐣⛬࠾ࡅࡿᶒᙇ࡛࠶ࡿッゴ╔┠ࡍࡿࡇࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚⪃ᐹࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ➨ 10 ㅮ࡛ࡣࠊࡑࡢᶒ࠸࠺ᴫᛕ⮬యࢆศᯒⓗ⪃ᐹࡋ࡚ࡳࡓ࠸ࠋᶒᴫᛕࡣࠊ ࠕᶒ ࠖࠕ≉ᶒࠖࡢ✀㢮ࡀ࠶ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࠕ⩏ົࠖࠕ↓ᶒࠖࡀᑐᛂࡋࠊࡑࢀ ࡽᅄ⪅ࡀᵓ㐀ⓗ㐃㛵ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ ࡉࡽࠊ ࡑࡢᵓ㐀┦ఝᙧࢆᡂࡍ㐃㛵ࡀຍࢃࡗ࡚ࠊ యࡋ࡚ᒙࡢ㐃㛵ᵓ㐀࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᮏ✏➹⪅ࡣࡇࢀࢆࠕ࣮࣍ࣇ࢙ࣝࢺᅗᘧࠖ ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࠋᢡࡢἲ⌮Ꮫ⪅ W࣭N࣭࣮࣍ࣇ࢙ࣝࢺ㸦Wesley Newcomb Hohfeld㸧 ๓ᥖ࣭ᕝᓥࠗ᪥ᮏேࡢἲព㆑࠘p.127 ௨ୗཧ↷ࠊࡇࢀᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ๓ᥖ Haley, p.373 ௨ୗ࠾࠸ ࡚࣮࣊ࣜࡣࡇ࠺㏙࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠕᕝᓥࡣ᪥ᮏேࡢッゴ᎘࠸ࡢ᰿ᣐࡋ࡚ࡇࢀࡽࡢἲᨵṇࢆ㔜どࡋ ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ᪥ᮏேࡢᚰᛶぶᛶࡢ࠶ࡿ௦᭰ⓗ⣮தゎỴᡭẁࢆேࠎࡀồࡵࡓࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࡋ࡚ࡑ ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ἲᨵṇࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡓ࠸࠺ࡇࢆ♧ࡍドᣐࡣఱࡶ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊࡴࡋࢁࠊே㛫㛵ಀࢆᇶ ♏ࡍࡿ㝵ᒙⓗ♫⛛ᗎࢆッゴࡀ◚ቯࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ᜍࢀࡓᨭ㓄ᒙࡀࠊ1920 ᖺ௦ࡽ 30 ᖺ௦ึࡵ ࡅ࡚ࡢッゴࡢቑຍഴྥᑐࡋ࡚ࠊಖᏲⓗᚿྥᇶ࡙࠸࡚ᛂࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿぢࡿ࠺ࡀṇ ࡋ࠸࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ͆Kawashima relies heavily on the enactment of these statutes in arguing that the Japanese have been loath to litigate. Yet there is nothing to suggest that they were the product of popular demand for an alternative to litigation more in keeping with Japanese sensitivities. Rather it seems more accurate to conclude that they reflected a conservative reaction to the rising tide of lawsuits in the 1920s and early 1930s and a concern on the part of the governing elite that litigation was destructive to a hierarchical social order based upon personal relationships͇(p.373)ࠖ 29 18 法社会学叙説・秋霜編 161 ࡢㄽ✏ᇶ࡙ࡃᶒࡢศᯒᅗᘧ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࡑࡢㄽⅬࢆ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅࢃࡾࡸ ࡍࡃ♧ࡍࡇࡼࡾᶒᴫᛕࡢᮏ㉁㏕ࡗ࡚ࡳࡓ࠸ᛮ࠺30ࠋ ࡲࡎࠊࡇࡢᅗᘧ࡛࣮࣍ࣇ࢙ࣝࢺࡀ♧ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓࡇࡣఱࠋࡑࡇࡽ☜ㄆࡋ࡚࠾ ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊ ࠕ࠾ࡼࡑࡍ࡚ࡢἲⓗၥ㢟⤌ࡳ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᇶᮏᴫᛕࢆศᯒⓗ ㆑ูࡍࡿࡇ“analyzing and discriminating the various fundamental conceptions that are involved in practically every legal problem”(๓ᥖ Hohfeld, p.19)࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ࣍ ࣮ࣇ࢙ࣝࢺࡣࠊ ࠕ᪥ᖖⓗ⏕㉳ࡍࡿἲ㛵ࡍࡿㅖၥ㢟ࢆ⌮ゎࡋゎỴࡍࡿࡓࡵᙺ❧ࡘ ࡣࡎࡢࠊࡋࡋࡇࢀࡲ࡛࠶ࡲࡾගࡀᙜ࡚ࡽࢀ࡚ࡇ࡞ࡗࡓほⅬࢆᙉㄪࡋࠊἲࡢᇶᮏ ᴫᛕࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ࠶ࡽࡺࡿἲ㛵ಀ⤌ࡳ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿἲせ⣲ࢆ᫂ࡽࡍࡿࡇࢆ ┠ⓗࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ“the main purpose of the writer is to emphasize certain oft-neglected matters that may aid in the understanding and in the solution of practical, every-day problems of the law. With this end in view, the present article and another soon to follow will discuss, as of chief concern, the basic conceptions of the law, the legal elements that enter into all types of jural interests”(p.20)ࠖࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ḟࠊࡇࡢᅗᘧࡢయᵓᡂࡘ࠸࡚ㄝ᫂ࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ ࠕᶒ rightࠖᑐࢆ࡞ࡍࡢࡀࠕ⩏ ົ duty࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾࠊA ࡀ B ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ࠶ࡿࠕᶒࠖࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡣࠊB ࡣ A ᑐࡋ࡚ࡑࡢࠕᶒࠖෆᐜࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࠕ⩏ົࠖࢆ㈇ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ A ࡀ B ࠶ࡿ≀ရࡢᑐ౯ࢆᨭᡶࡗ࡚ࡑࡢ≀ࢆཷࡅྲྀࡿ≧ἣ࠶ࢀࡤࠊA ࡣ B ᑐࡋ ࡚ࠊࡑࡢ≀ࡢᘬΏࡋࢆせồࡍࡿࠕᶒࠖࢆᣢࡕࠊB ࡣ A ࡢせồࡑࡗࡓ⾜Ⅽࢆ⾜࠺ 㸦ࡘࡲࡾࠊࡑࡢ≀ࢆ A ᘬࡁΏࡍ㸧 ࠕ⩏ົࠖࢆᣢࡘࡇ࡞ࡿࠋせồෆᐜࡀసⅭࡢ ࡇ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶྠࡌ࡛࠶ࡿࠋA ࡀ B ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ 㸦B ࡀ㸧῝ኪࡢ㦁㡢ࢆฟࡍࡇࡢ࡞ ࠸ࡼ࠺せồࡍࡿࠕᶒࠖࢆᣢࡘ࡞ࡽࡤࠊB ࡣ㦁㡢ࢆฟࡉ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺ࡍࡿࠕ⩏ົࠖ ࢆᣢࡘ㸦ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ⩏ົࢆ㈇࠺㸧 ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࠊ ࠕᶒࠖࡣࡑࢀᑐᛂࡍࡿࠕ⩏ົࠖ ࡞ࡋࡣᏑᅾࡋᚓ࡞࠸㸦ពࢆᡂࡉ࡞࠸㸧ࡢ࡛ࠊ୧⪅ࡣᐃ⩏ୖࠊᚲ↛ⓗ୍ᑐࡢ㛵 ಀ㸦࠸ࢃࡤࠊࢥࣥࡢ⾲ࡢ㛵ಀ㸧࠶ࡾࠊ∦᪉༢⊂࡛ࡣᏑᅾࡋᚓ࡞࠸ࠋ ࡇࡢᅗᘧࡘ࠸࡚ゎㄝࡋࡓᩥ⊩ࡣᑡ࡞ࡽࡎᏑᅾࡍࡿࡀࠊᮍ㛤ἲ◊✲ࡑࢀࢆᛂ⏝ࡋࡼ࠺ ࡋࡓࡶࡢࡋ࡚ࠊE. A. ࣮࣍࣋ࣝࡼࡿゝཬ㸦E. A. Hoebel, The Law of Primitive Man, Harvard Univ. Press, 1954, Chap.4㸧ࡀ࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡇ࣮࣍ࣇ࢙ࣝࢺᅗᘧࡢㄽⅬࡀࠊM࣭ࣞࢹࣥࡢᩚ⌮ࡑࡗ࡚ࠊ ⡆₩ࡲࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࡞࠾ࠊ࣮࣍ࣇ࢙ࣝࢺࡢཎࡣࠊW. N. Hohfeld (1913), Some Fundamental Legal Conceptions as Applied in Judicial Reasoning, 23 Yale Law Journal 16. ࣞࢹࣥࡢㄽ✏ࡣࠊM. Radin (1938), A Restatement of Hohfeld, 51 Harvard Law Review 1141. 30 19 162 和田 安弘 ࡇࡢࠕᶒࠖࠕ⩏ົࠖࡢ㛵ಀࣃࣛࣞࣝᏑᅾࡍࡿࡢࡀࠊ ࠕ≉ᶒ privilegeࠖࠕ↓ ᶒ no-right࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾࠊ ࠕ≉ᶒࠖࡀ࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡣࠕ⩏ົࠖࢆ㈇ࢃ࡞࠸࡛ࡼ࠸≧ែ ࠶ࡿ㸦FREE FROM DUTY㸟㸧࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࡽࠊ ࠕ≉ᶒࠖࡣ⪅ࡽࡢ㸦ἲ ࠕᶒࠖ ⓗ࡞㸧ᖸ΅ࢆཷࡅ࡞࠸࡛῭ࡴࠕ⮬⏤ࠖࡢࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࡶゝ࠼ࡿ31ࠋࡲࡓࠊ ࠕ↓ᶒࠖ ࠊ ࠕ≉ᶒࠖࠕ⩏ົࠖࡣࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀྠ୍ࡢࡇࡀࡽ㛵ࡋ࡚ྠ୍ே࠾࠸࡚ ୧❧ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡞࠸⫼㛵ಀ࠶ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ ࠕᶒࠖࡀ࠶ࡿࡢࠕ↓ᶒ࡛ࠖࡶ ࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࡢࡣ▩┪࡛࠶ࡾࠊ ࠕᶒࠖࡀ࠶ࢀࡤࠕ↓ᶒ࡛ࠖࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ ࠕ↓ᶒ࡛ࠖ࠶ ࢀࡤ㸦ᙜ↛࡞ࡀࡽ㸧 ࠕᶒࠖࡀ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊྠ୍ேࡘࡢᴫᛕࡀྠᏑᅾࡍ ࡿࡇࡣ㸦ྠ୍ࡢࡇࡀࡽ㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸧ㄽ⌮ୖ࠶ࡾ࠼࡞࠸ࠋྠࡌࡼ࠺ࠊ ࠕ⩏ົࠖࡀ ࠶ࢀࡤ㸦⩏ົࢆ㈇ࡗ࡚࠸ࢀࡤ㸧 ࠕ≉ᶒࠖࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ ࠕ≉ᶒࠖࡀ࠶ࢀࡤࠕ⩏ົࠖࡣ࡞࠸㸦ࡍ ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ ࠕ⮬⏤ࠖࡀ࠶ࡿ㸧≧ែ࠶ࡿࠋ ࠕ≉ᶒࠖࡀ࠶ࡿࡢࠕ⩏ົࠖࡀ࠶ࡿࠊ ࠕ⩏ ົࠖࡀ࡞࠸㸦ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ ࠕ⮬⏤࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿ㸧ࡢࠕ≉ᶒࠖࡶ࡞࠸࠸ࡗࡓ≧ែࡣ㸦ྠ୍ ࡢࡇࡀࡽ㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸧ᐃ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡇࢀࡽࡢᅄ⪅㛵ಀࡣࠊ⌧ᅾࡢ㸦࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠊ㛫ⓗไ㝈ࡢࡽ࡞࠸ᜏᖖⓗ࡞㸧ᶒ 㛵ಀࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ࠶ࡿ᮲௳ࡀ‶ࡓࡉࢀࢀࡤࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࠕ⌧ᅾࠖࡢᶒ㛵ಀࡀ Ⓨ⏕ࡍࡿࡇࡀᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᶒ㛵ಀ࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡶ⪃࠼࡚࠾ࡡࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡑ ࡢࡼ࠺࡞㸦ᑗ᮶࠾࠸࡚ᐇຠຊࢆᣢࡕ࠺ࡿ⌧ᅾࡢ㸧ᶒ㛵ಀࡀࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢᅄ⪅㛵ಀ ࡢୖࡑࡢࡲࡲ“ࡿ”ࡇ࡞ࡿࠋ ࠕᶒࠖࠕ⩏ົࠖࡢୖࡣࠕᶒ㝈 powerࠖࠕ㈐ ົ liabilityࠖࡀࠊ ࠕ≉ᶒࠖࠕ↓ᶒࠖࡢୖࡣࠕච㈐ immunityࠖࠕ↓ᶒ㝈 no-powerࠖ ࠸࠺ᴫᛕࡀᐃࡉࢀࠊࡇࢀࡽᅄ⪅ᅄ⪅ࡀᒙᵓ㐀ࢆᡂࡍ32ࠋ ࠕᶒ㝈ࠖ࠸࠺ᴫᛕࢆࡋ࡚ࠊ࣮࣍ࣇ࢙ࣝࢺ⮬㌟ࡀࡢࡼ࠺ㄝ᫂㸦ᐃ⩏㸧ࡋ ࡚࠸ࡿࢆ☜ㄆࡋ࡚࠾ࡇ࠺ࠋ᭣ࡃࠊ ࠕ࠶ࡿἲ㛵ಀࡣࠊࡑࡇఱࡽࡢ㸦ἲⓗ㸧ᐇࡀ ຍࡉࢀࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚ࠊኚࢆཷࡅࡿࡇ࡞ࡾ࠺ࡿࡀࠊࡑࡢᐇࡀពᛮⓗỴ᩿ ࡼࡾຍࡉࢀᚓࡿ㢮ࡢᐇ࡛࠶ࡿሙྜࡣࠊࡑࡢᐇࢆຍࡍࡿྰࢆ⮬ᅾ ࣮࣍ࣇ࢙ࣝࢺ⮬㌟ࡶࠊ ࠕἲⓗࠕ≉ᶒ୍ࠖ␒㏆࠸ྠ⩏ㄒࡣࠊἲⓗࠕ⮬⏤ࠖࡔゝࡗ࡚ࡶࡼ࠸࡛ ࠶ࢁ࠺͆The closest synonym of legal ‘privilege’ seems to be legal ‘liberty.’͇(p.41)ࠖ㏙࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 32 ࣮࣍ࣇ࢙ࣝࢺࡣࠊㄽ⌮ⓗ⾲㛵ಀ࠶ࡿ࣌㸦ᶒ㸫⩏ົࠊ≉ᶒ㸫↓ᶒࠊᶒ㝈㸫㈐ົࠊ ච㈐㸫↓ᶒ㝈㸧ࢆࠕἲⓗ┦㛵ᑐ㸦Jural Correlatives㸧 ࠖ⾲⌧ࡋࠊㄽ⌮ⓗ⫼㛵ಀ࠶ࡿ࣌㸦ᶒ 㸫↓ᶒࠊ≉ᶒ㸫⩏ົࠊᶒ㝈㸫↓ᶒ㝈ࠊච㈐㸫㈐ົ㸧ࢆࠕἲⓗ㏫ྥᑐ㸦Jural Opposites㸧 ࠖ ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࠋ 㸦๓ᥖ hohfeld, p.30㸧࡞࠾ࠊ ࠕ↓ᶒ㝈ࠖࡘ࠸࡚࣮࣍ࣇ࢙ࣝࢺ⮬㌟ࡣ͆disability͇࠸ ࠺ㄒࢆᙜ࡚࡚࠾ࡾࠊ ࠕᶒࠖ࠾ࡼࡧࠕ↓ᶒࠖࡣ」ᩘᙧ㸦 ͆rights͇ ͆no-rights͇ 㸧࡛ࡶ⾲♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ ࡀࠊᮏ✏࡛ࡣ㸦⡆₩ࡉࢆ㔜どࡋ࡚㸧ᮏᩥୖ㏙ࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡞ㄒ࡛⾲グࡍࡿࡇࡋࡓࠋ 31 20 法社会学叙説・秋霜編 163 Ỵᐃࡍࡿ❧ሙ࠶ࡿே㛫ࡣࠊᙜヱࡢἲ㛵ಀ≉ᐃࡢኚࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋ࠺ࡿࠕ 㸦ἲⓗ㸧 ᶒ㝈ࠖࡀഛࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࠋ“A change in a given legal relation may result (1) from some superadded fact or group of facts not under the volitional control of a human being (or human beings); or (2) from some superadded fact or group of facts which are under the volitional control of one or more human beings. As regards the second class of cases, the person (or persons) whose volitional control is paramount may be said to have the (legal) power to effect the particular change of legal relations that is involved in the problem.”(p.44)ࠖ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࠕᶒ㝈ࠖࡣࠕᶒࠖࡢୖ“ࡿ”ᙧ࡛ࠊ ࠕᶒࠖࠕ⩏ົࠖࡢἲ㛵ಀ ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋ࠺ࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࠋ ⌮ゎࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࡼ࠺ࠊ ᪥ᖖⓗ࡞࡛ㄝ᫂ࡋ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋ ࠼ࡤࠊࢥ࣮ࣄ࣮↓ᩱๆࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡣࠊࡑࡢๆࢆ࠼ࡤ↓ᩱ࡛ࢥ࣮ࣄ ࣮ࡢᥦ౪ࢆཷࡅࡿࡇࡢ࡛ࡁࡿࠕせồᶒࠖࡶᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࢀࢆ ⾜ࡋ࠺ࡿ“ᶒ”ࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ33㸦࠸ࡲࡗ࡚ࡶࢃ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶࡼ࠸࠸࠺ࠕ⮬⏤ࠖ ࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛ࡣࠕ≉ᶒࠖࡋ࡚ࡢᛶ᱁ࡶࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸧ࡢ࡛ࠊྍ⬟ᛶ ࡋ࡚ࡢࠕᶒࠖ ࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࢥ࣮ࣄ࣮ࢆせồࡍࡿࠕᶒ㝈ࠖࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࠋ ࡇࢀᑐࡋ࡚ࠊࢥ࣮ࣄ࣮ࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿᗑࡢഃࡣࠊࡑࡢࠕᶒ㝈ࠖᑐᛂࡍࡿࠕ㈐ົࠖ ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࠋ࠸ࢃࡤࠊࢥ࣮ࣄ࣮ࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿࠕ⩏ົࠖࢆ₯ᅾⓗ㈇ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊᙜ↛ࠊ“ᶒ”ෆᐜࡀసⅭࡢࡇࡀࡽ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊྠᵝ࡞ ࡇࡀゝ࠼ࡿࠋᐈࡢ୍ே࡛ࡶ⚗↮ࢆせồࡍࡿ⪅ࡀ࠸ࢀࡤᗑෆࢆ⚗↮ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ ࡽ࡞࠸࠸࠺࣮ࣝࣝࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࢁ࡛ࡣࠊᐈࡣ⚗↮ࢆせồࡍࡿࠕᶒ㝈ࠖࡀ࠶ࡾࠊᗑ ࡇࡇ࡛͆ᶒ͇グࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣࠊᗈ⩏ࡢᶒ㸦ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊࠕᶒࠖ ࠕ≉ᶒࠖ ࠕᶒ㝈ࠖ ࠕච㈐ࠖ ࡢ༊ูࢆ᫂☜ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸⥲⛠ࡋ࡚ࡢᶒ㸧ࡢࡇࢆᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࣮࣍ࣇ࢙ࣝࢺ⮬㌟ࡶࠊࠕ ࠕᶒ ࠖ࠸࠺ゝⴥࡣࠊࢣ࣮ࢫࡼࡗ࡚ࡣࠊ≉ᶒ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡾᶒ㝈࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡾච㈐࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡾࡶࡍࡿࡼ ࠺ࠊཝᐦ࡞ព࡛ࡢᶒࡣ␗࡞ࡿ⥲⛠ⓗ࡞ࢃࢀ᪉ࢆࡍࡿࡇࡀࡼࡃ࠶ࡿ͆the term ‘rights’ tends to be used indiscriminately to cover what in a given case may be a privilege, a power, or an immunity, rather than a right in the strict sense͇(p.30)ࠖ㏙࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࡇࡢᗈ⩏࡛ࡢ͆ᶒ͇ྵࡲࢀ ࡿᅄࡘࡢ㸦ཝᐦ࡞ព࡛ࡢ㸧ᶒᴫᛕࡢព⩏ࢆࠊ࣮࣍ࣇ࢙ࣝࢺ⮬㌟ࡀ๓ᥖㄽᩥࡢᮎᑿ㏆ࡃ࡛ࠊ௨ ୗࡢࡼ࠺⡆₩ゝ࠸⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ᭣ࡃࠊ ࠕᶒࡣ⪅ᑐࡍࡿ⬟ືⓗせồ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ≉ᶒࡣ ⪅ࡢᶒ࡞࠸ࡋせồ᭹ࡉ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶࡼ࠸⮬⏤ࡢࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋྠᵝࠊᶒ㝈ࡣ⪅㛵ࢃࡿἲ㛵ಀ ࡢ⬟ືⓗࠕไᚚ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾࠊච㈐ࡣࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ἲ㛵ಀ㛵ࡍࡿ⪅ࡢᶒ㝈ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ ࠕไᚚࠖ ᭹ࡉ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶࡼ࠸⮬⏤࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ͆A right is one’s affirmative claim against another, and a privilege is one’s freedom from the right or claim of another. Similarly, a power is one’s affirmative ‘control’ over a given legal relation as against another; whereas an immunity is one’s freedom from the legal power or ‘control’ of another as regards some legal relation.͇(p.55)ࠖ 33 21 164 和田 安弘 ࡣࡑࢀᑐᛂࡍࡿࠕ㈐ົࠖࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࠋᐇ㝿⚗↮ࢆせồࡍࡿᐈࡀ⌧ࢀࢀ ࡤࠊࡑࡢⅬ࡛ࠕᶒࠖࠕ⩏ົࠖࡢ㛵ಀࡀⓎ⌧ࡍࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡑࡢ せồࢆࡍࡿ࠺ࡣࠊࡑࡢᐈࡀ⮬ᅾỴࡵࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࠸࠺Ⅼࡀࠕᶒ㝈ࠖ ࠸࠺ᴫᛕࡗ࡚㔜せ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࢫ࣮ࣃ࣮ࡢ㥔㌴ሙ࡞ࠕᨾࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶᙜᗑࡣ୍ษ㈐௵ࢆ㈇࠸ࡲࡏࢇࠖ࠸ࡗ ࡓෆᐜࡢᥖ♧ࢆぢࡿࡇࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊᑗ᮶ࡢ㉳ࡇࡾ࠺ࡿᨾࢆᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㝈 ࡾ࡛ࡣᗑࡢࠕච㈐ࠖࢆᙇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡀࠊᐇ㝿ୖࡣ㈺ൾ㈐௵ ࡢࠕ⩏ົࠖࢆ㈇ࢃ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࠕ≉ᶒࠖࢆᙇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢྠࡌࡇ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㥔㌴ሙ ⏝⪅ࡣᨾ㝿ࡋ࡚ᗑഃᑐࡋ࡚ࡣ㈺ൾㄳồࢆࡍࡿ“ᶒ”ࡀ࡞࠸㸦 ࠕ↓ᶒࠖ࡞ ࠸ࡋࠕ↓ᶒ㝈ࠖ 㸧ᙇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࠕ≉ᶒࠖࠕච㈐ࠖࡢቃ┠ ࡣࡉ᫂☜࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡇࡶከ࠸34ࠋ ࠕ≉ᶒࠖࡣ␗࡞ࡿࠕච㈐ࠖᛶࢆ᫂☜♧ࡋ࡚ ࠸ࡿࢆ᥈ࡍࡍࢀࡤࠊಖ㝤ドๆࡋࡤࡋࡤぢࡽࢀࡿච㈐᮲㡯㸦୍ᐃ㢠ࡲ࡛ࡣಖ㞀 ࡢᑐ㇟࡞ࡽ࡞࠸➼㸧ࢆᣲࡆࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊಖ㝤㔠ᨭᡶ࠸ࡢㄳồࡀ࠶ࡗ ࡓሙྜಖ㝤♫ഃࡀࠕ⩏ົࠖࢆ㈇ࢃ࡞࠸⠊ᅖࢆ᫂♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛ࠊࡑࡢ₯ ᅾᛶࡀ᫂☜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᅄᑐࡢᴫᛕ㸦ṇ☜ࡣࠊᑐᒙࡢᵓ㐀ࢆࡶࡘඵࡘࡢᴫᛕ㸧ࡍ࡚ ࢆࠊ⾤࡛ࡼࡃぢࡅࡿࠕ❧ධ⚗Ṇࠖࡢ┳ᯈࢆࡋ࡚ㄝ᫂ࡋ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋࡲࡎࠊᆅ A ࡣ⪅ B ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊᙜヱࡢᅵᆅ❧ࡕධࡿ࡞㸦❧ࡕධࡿࡢࢆ᥍࠼ࢁ㸧࠸࠺స Ⅽࡢせồᶒࢆ⾜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊࡇࡢࢧࣥࡣ A ࡢࠕᶒࠖࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸࡚ࠊB ࡣࡑ ࢀᑐᛂࡍࡿࠕ⩏ົࠖ 㸦❧ࡕධࡿࡢࢆ᥍࠼ࡡࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸㸧ࢆ㈇ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࢀྠ ࠊA ࡣ⮬ศࡢᅵᆅࡘ࠸࡚ B ࡢ㸦ἲⓗ㸧ᖸ΅ࢆཷࡅࡎ⮬⏤࠺⮬⏤ࢆᣢࡗ࡚ ࠸ࡿ㸦❧ࡕධࡾࢆ⚗Ṇࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ࣮࢜ࣉࣥࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ➨୕⪅㈚ࡋ࡚ࡶࡗ࡚ࡶࠊ ࢇ࡞ࡇ࡛ࡶࠊᅵᆅࡢᡤ᭷ᶒᇶ࡙ࡁࠊࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸧ࡢ࡛ࠊࡇࡢࢧࣥࡣ A ࡢࠕ≉ᶒࠖࡶ♧၀ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊB ࡣࡑࢀᑐᛂࡍࡿࠕ↓ᶒࠖ 㸦A ࡢ⾜Ⅽ㛵ࡋ࡚ἲⓗ ࡞ᖸ΅ࢆࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸㸧ࢆᘬࡁཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡉࡽࠊB ࡀࢧࣥࢆ↓どࡋ࡚ᅵᆅධࡋ࡚ࡁࡓሙྜࡣࠊA ࡣࡑࡢࠕጉᐖࠖ ࣮࣍ࣇ࢙ࣝࢺ⮬㌟ࡢㄽ㏙ࡢ୰ࡶࠊࡇࡢⅬ㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞ゝཬࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ᭣ࡃࠊ ࠕ⛯ࡢ᥍ 㝖ࡘ࠸࡚ゝ࠼ࡤࠊ≉ᶒ࠸࠺ࡼࡾࡶࠕච㈐ࠖࡋࡓ࠺ࡀࡼࡾṇ☜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ≉ᶒ࠸࠺ゝⴥࡀ ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ព࡛⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿࡶ࠶ࡿࡇࡣྰᐃ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠋ ͆Exemption from taxation is more accurately described as an ‘immunity’ than as a privilege, although it is not to be denied that the latter word may sometimes and under some circumstances include such exemptions.͇(p.56)ࠖ 34 22 法社会学叙説・秋霜編 165 ࢆ㝖ࡍࡿㄳồᶒࡀⓎ⏕ࡍࡿ㸦ᡤ᭷ᶒᇶ࡙ࡃጉᐖ㝖ㄳồᶒ㸧ࡢ࡛ࠊA ࡣ B ࡢ ධ࠸࠺ែࢆᐃࡋࡓሙྜࡢᑗ᮶ࡢㄳồᶒࢆ⌧ᅾࡍ࡛㸦₯ᅾⓗ㸧ᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ ࡇ࡞ࡾࠊࡑࡢព࡛ࡢࠕᶒ㝈ࠖࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊB ࡣࡑࢀᑐᛂࡋࡓ ࠕ㈐ົࠖࢆ㈇ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ≧ែ࠶ࡿ㸦A ࡼࡿጉᐖ㝖ㄳồᶒ࠸࠺ࠕᶒࠖࡢ⾜ ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣࠊࡑࢀᛂࡌ࡚ࠕ⩏ົࠖࢆ㈇࠺ࡇ࡞ࡿ㸧 ࠋࡲࡓࠊྠࡌࡼ࠺ᑗ᮶ࡢែ ᑐᛂࡍࡿࢣ࣮ࢫࡋ࡚ࠊධࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ B ࡀᅵᆅࡢ୰࠶ࡗࡓ✰㌿ⴠࡋ࡚㈇യࡋ ࡓሙྜࠊA ࡣࡑࡢᦆᐖ㛵ࡍࡿ㈺ൾ㈐௵ࢆ㸦ཎ๎ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸧㈇ࢃ࡞࠸ࡇ࡞ࡿ ࡢ࡛ࠊA ࡣࠕච㈐ࠖࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡞ࡾࠊB ࡣࡑࢀᑐᛂࡍࡿࠕ↓ᶒ㝈ࠖ ≧ែ࠶ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊᑗ᮶ࠊᅵᆅࡢ୰࡛㈇യࡍࡿࡇࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊࡑࡢ㈺ൾࢆἲ ⓗㄳồࡍࡿࠕᶒࠖࡣ⏕ࡌ࡞࠸㸦 ࠕ↓ᶒࠖ≧ែ࡞ࡿ㸧ࡢ࡛ࠊ⌧ᅾࡢ B ࡣࠕ↓ ᶒ㝈࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿゝ࠼ࡿࠋ ୖ㏙ࡋࡓࡣࠊᯫ✵ࡢ༢⣧ࡋࡓヰ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊἲᚊࡸ᮲࡞ࡢἲᩥࢆᚤ⣽᳨ ウࡋ࡚ࡳ࡚ࡶࠊᶒࡢ㛵ಀࡣࠊ࣮࣍ࣇ࢙ࣝࢺᅗᘧ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿඵࡘࡢᴫᛕࡢ⤌ࡳ ྜࢃࡏ࡛ᡂࡾ❧ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿࠋࡲࡉࠕ┠ࡽ㫣ࠖࡢศᯒⓗ࡞どⅬ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ ᶒࢆࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙧ࡛⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇࡣࠊ⾲㠃ୖࡢ」㞧ࡉࢆᡶᣔࡋ࡚㇟ࡢᮏ㉁㏕ ࡿࠕἲ⌮Ꮫ jurisprudenceࠖࡢࡋ࡚グ᠈ࡉࢀ࡚ࡼ࠸࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ“ᶒ”ࡢ⾰ࡣࠊಶࠎ ேࠊ ࠕᶒࠖࡋ࡚ࠕ≉ᶒࠖࡋ࡚ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࡑࡢᑐ࡞ࡿࠕ⩏ົࠖࡋ࡚ࠕ↓ᶒ ࠖࡋ࡚ࠊࡉࡽࡣࡑࡢᒎ㛤࡛࠶ࡿࠕᶒ㝈ࠖ ࠕච㈐ࠖ ࠕ㈐ົࠖ ࠕ↓ᶒ㝈ࠖࡋ࡚ࠊ ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ୍ேࡦࡾࡢಶேࡀࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ“ᶒ”ࡢయ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࢀࢆ ♫ࡢどⅬ࡛㫽▔ᅗⓗぢࡿ࡞ࡽࡤࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ“ᶒ”ࡢ㞟✚ࡀ“ἲ”ࡋ࡚⌧㇟ࡍࡿࠋ ᡃࠎࡀ♫ࡢ୰࡛ࠊἲ࠸࠺ྍど࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀ㐙⾜ⓗస⏝ࡍࡿຊࡢ┦㛵ࡢ୰࡛ ⏕ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿᵝࢆࠊ ࠕ♫㛵ಀㄪᩚୖࡢ㐨ලࠖࡋ࡚ࡢᶒࡢどゅࡽᤊ࠼ࡿࡇࡣࠊ ἲ♫ࡢㅖၥ㢟ࢆ⌮ㄽࡋ࡚࠸ࡃヨࡳ㸦ἲ♫Ꮫ㸧ࡗ࡚ࠊࡁ࡞ពࢆᣢࡘࠋ ࡇࡇࡲ࡛ࡢ㆟ㄽࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࢆ᫂ࡽࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡓᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ➨ 10 ㅮࡢ ࣮࣍ࣇ࢙ࣝࢺᅗᘧ࡛ࡣᶒᴫᛕࡢศᯒⓗ⪃ᐹࡼࡾᴫᛕࡑࡢࡶࡢࡢ⢭⦓࡞ព❧ ࡕධࡗ࡚⪃࠼࡚ࡳࡓࡀࠊࡑࢀඛ❧ࡘ➨㸵ㅮࡽ➨㸷ㅮ࡛ࡶࠊᴫᛕᡂ❧ࡢṔྐⓗ࡞ ⫼ᬒࡑࡢᚋࡢ᪥ᮏ♫ࡢᙳ㡪ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ♫⏕ά࠾ࡼࡧッゴࡢഃ㠃ࡽㄽⅬࡢ ᩚ⌮ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ᮏ✏࡛ࡣࠊ ࠕᶒ㸻ἲࠖ㛵ࡍࡿὀ┠ࡍࡁㅖ┦ゝ ཬࡋࠊ ࠕᶒࡢἲ♫Ꮫࠖࡢ୍➃࡞ࡿࡇࢆヨࡳࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 23 166 和田 安弘 㸴㸬࠾ࢃࡾ ἲ㸦㸻ᶒ㸧ࢆᶒࡢഃ㠃ࡽศᯒࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࠊ♫ࡢ୰᰾ࢆᢸ࠺つ⠊࡛࠶ࡿἲ ࡢἲே᱁ⓗ࣭యⓗ࡞ᵓ㐀ࡀ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡾࠊ♫⛛ᗎࡢ⥔ᣢᯝࡓࡍἲࡢᶵ⬟ຠ ᯝࡢࡁࡉࢆㄆ㆑ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡑࡢᶵ⬟ຠᯝࡶ 㝈⏺ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࡣࡶࡕࢁࢇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࠼ࡤࠊ≢⨥ཝ⨩ࢆࡶࡗ࡚ᑐฎࡋ࡚ࡶࠊࡍ ࡚ࡢ≢⨥ᢚṆຠᯝࡢྥୖࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡶ࡞ࡃ35ࠊ⣮தࢆἲⓗࠕฎ⌮ࠖࡍ ࡿࡇࡀᚲࡎࡋࡶ⣮தᙜ⪅ࡗ࡚ࡢၥ㢟ࠕゎỴࠖࢆពࡍࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸36ࠋ ἲ㸦㸻ᶒ㸧ࡣࠊ࠶ࡃࡲ࡛ࠊ♫⛛ᗎࢆ⥔ᣢࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢ୰࡛ேࠎࡀ⏕άࡋ࡚ ࠸ࡃࡓࡵࡢᡭẁ࡛࠶ࡾࠊே㛫㛵ಀㄪᩚࡢࡓࡵࡢ㐨ල࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡋࡋࠊࡓࡔࡢ㐨ල㍍ࡃぢࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡇࡀ࠶ࢀࡤࠊᚲࡎࠕ③࠸┠ࠖ࠶࠺ࡇ ࡞ࡿࠋࡘ࡚ࡢὶ⾜ㄒ࡛ゝ࠼ࡤࠕಸ㏉ࡋ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡑࢀࡇࡑఱಸࡶ࡞ࡗ࡚㏉ ࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡣୖᡭࢃࢀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡋࠊࡑࡢࡢ♫つ ⠊ࡶ࠺ࡲࡃㄪࡉࡏ࡚⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿࡁ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ๓✏ࡢ➨㸱ㅮ࣭➨㸲ㅮ࠾࠸࡚ ヲࡋࡃ㏙ࡓࡼ࠺ࠊᡃࠎࡢ♫⏕άࢆᨭ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ࣮ࣝࣝࡣࠊᗄ㔜ࡶᢡࡾ㔜࡞ࡗ ࡚Ꮡᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࠶ࡿࡁࡣ័⩦࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡶࡢࡀࠊἲⓗ࡞ᛶ᱁ࢆⰍ⃰ࡃࡶࡘࡼ࠺ ࡞ࡿࡇࡶ࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢ㏫ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ࠶ࡿࡁࡣ㐨ᚨ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡶࡢࡀࠊẼࡀࡘࡅࡤἲ ࡋ࡚ࡢᙉไຊࢆᖏࡧ࡚࠸ࡓ࡞࠸࠺ࡇࡶ࠶ࡾ࠺ࡿࡋࠊࡑࡢ㏫ࡢኚࡶ࡞࠸ࢃࡅ ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋேࠎࡣࠊࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ὶືⓗ࡞つ⠊ࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ୰࡛ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢࠕ⏕ࠖࢆ ႠࡳࠊಶࠎேࡀႠࡴ♫⏕άἲ࡞ࡢつ⠊ࡀᙳࡢࡼ࠺ᐤࡾῧ࠺ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ๓✏➨㸴ㅮࡢᮎᑿ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ ࠕ㈨ᮏ⩏ⓗཎ⌮ࡢᾐ㏱ࡋࡓࠊᡃࠎࡢࡼࡃ▱ࡿ⌧௦ ♫࡞ࡿࠊ࠶ࡽࡺࡿ⣮தࡀಶேࢆᇶᮏࡍࡿἲⓗయ㛫ࡢᶒࢆࡵࡄࡿத࠸ ࡘ࡚࣓ࣜ࢝࠾࠸࡚ࠊṚฮẅேࡢᢚṆຠᯝࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿ࠺ࡢ᳨ドࡀヨࡳࡽࢀࡓ ࡇࡀ࠶ࡿࠋW࣭J࣭ࢳ࢙ࣥࣈࣜࢫࡼࡿࡇࡢྂⓗ◊✲ࡢᡂᯝࡼࢀࡤࠊ ࠕ⾲ฟⓗ㸦expressive㸧 ≢⨥ࠖࡣࠊ ࠕ㐨ලⓗ㸦instrumental㸧≢⨥ࠖࡘ࠸࡚ࡼࡾࡶࠊฮⓗࢧࣥࢡࢩࣙࣥࡢຠᯝࡀపࡃࠊ ྠᵝࠊᙜヱࡢ≢⨥ࡀࠕ᪥ᖖ㸦⏕άᵝᘧࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ≧ែ㸧 ࠖࡋ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜࡣࡑ࠺࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ ࡞࠸ሙྜẚ࡚ࢧࣥࢡࢩࣙࣥࡢຠᯝࡣప࠸ࡢᣦࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠕ⾲ฟⓗ≢⨥ࠖࡢࡋ ࡚ࡣẅேࡸ㯞⸆㛵㐃≢⨥ࠊ ࠕ㐨ලⓗ≢⨥ࠖࡢࡋ࡚ࡣ㏻≢⨥ࡸ࣍࣡ࢺ࣮࢝ࣛ≢⨥ࡀᣲࡆࡽ ࢀࠊ ࠕ᪥ᖖࠖࡢ᭷↓ࡋ࡚ࡣࣉࣟࡢ✼┐≢୍⯡ேࡢᘬࡁ≢ࡀࡑࡢࡋ࡚ゝཬࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ William J. Chambliss (1967), Types of Deviance and the Effectiveness of Legal Sanctions, Wisconsin Law Review 703. 36 ๓ᥖᣋⴭࠗ⣮தඹឤࡢࣜࣜࢸ࠘ࡣࠊࡇࡢⅬࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ⣮தฎ⌮⣮தゎỴࡢᑐ↷ᛶ ┦⿵ᛶࢆࢸ࣮࣐ࡋ࡚㆟ㄽࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿゝ࠺ࡇࡶ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ 35 24 法社会学叙説・秋霜編 167 ࡋ࡚ᵓᡂࡉࢀࠊࡑࡢฎ⌮ࡣᅜᐙⓗ⟶⌮ࡢୗ⨨ࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿ……ࡇࡢኚࢆ ࠕἲ㸦legalization㸧 ࠖࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࠖ㏙ࡓࠋࡇࡢࠕἲࠖᑐᢠࡍࡿ♫ⓗ࡞ ືࡁࡀࠕ㠀ἲ㸦delegalization㸧 ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ⣮தฎ⌮ࡑࢀࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࡢἲࡢ㸦࡞࠸ࡋ ♫⛛ᗎࡢ㸧ࡢ⏕ࢆࠊᅜᐙⓗ⟶⌮ࡢୗ⾜ࢃࢀࡿ⊃⩏ࡢᶒࢆࡵࡄࡿ㜚தᒁ㝈 ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡞ࡃࠊ᪥ᖖୡ⏺ࡢほⅬࡶ⤌ࡳ㎸ࢇ࡛ᗈࡃேࠎࡢᡭྲྀࡾᡠࡑ࠺ࡍࡿື ࡁࡢࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᮏ✏➹⪅ࡣ௨๓ࠊࡋ࡚࣓ࣜ࢝ྜ⾗ᅜ࠾ࡅࡿ 19ࠊ20 ୡ⣖ ࡲࡓࡀࡿࠕἲࠖࠕ㠀ἲࠖࡢࡁ࡞ὶࢀ╔┠ࡋࠊ⌧௦ࡢ ADR㸦௦᭰ⓗ⣮த ฎ⌮㸧ࡶࡘ࡞ࡀࡿ♫ኚືࡘ࠸࡚⪃ᐹࡋࡓࡇࡀ࠶ࡿ37ࠋ ࠸ࢃࡺࡿ㏆௦క࠸ࠊ♫⛛ᗎࡀࠕἲࠖࡉࢀࡿࡢࡣᚲ↛࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢ⫼ᚋ ࡣࠕ㏆௦ⓗᶒࠖࡢ☜❧࠸࠺ࡁ࡞ኚࡀ࠶ࡿ㸦ࡇࢀࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ➨㸵ㅮ࠾࠸ ࡚ヲ㏙ࡋࡓ㸧 ࠋࡋࡋࠊ⣮தฎ⌮ࡣࠊᮏ᮶ࠊἲⓗຍᕤࡉࢀࡓၥ㢟ฎ⌮㝈ᐃࡉࢀࡿ ࡁࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡇࡶࡲࡓ☜࡛࠶ࡿࠋᑐ❧ࡍࡿ⪅ࡀࠊ␗࡞ࡿࣜࣜࢸᇶ࡙ ࡁࠊឤᐇయࡢࡘࡢḟඖ࡛ࡍࢀ㐪࠺ࠋࡇࡇ⣮த࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡢཎ㢼ᬒࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ┿⛛ᗎࢆᅇࡋࡼ࠺ࡍࢀࡤࠊἲⓗฎ⌮ᩡࡍࡿࠕ⣮தฎ⌮ࠖࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ༑ศ ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࣜࣜࢸࡢ┦㐪ࢆ┦ㄆ㆑ࡍࡿࡇࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊἲⓗฎ⌮ࡢࡳ㝈ᐃࡉ ࢀ࡞࠸ࠊ⣡ᚓࡋ⌮ゎࡋ࠶࠺ၥ㢟ゎỴࡶࡲࡓᶍ⣴ࡉࢀࡿࡁ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ๓✏➨㸴ㅮ ࠾࠸࡚㏙ࡓࠕྜ⌮ⓗ࡞⣮தゎỴࠖ㐺ษ࡞ࠕឤไᚚࠖࡣࡑࡢࡓࡵࡢᣦ㔪࡛࠶ࡾࠊ ༢࡞ࡿࠕฎ⌮࡛ࠖࡣ࡞࠸ࠕゎỴࠖࡀࡑࡇᒎᮃࡉࢀࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ ࠕุࠖࡢᮃࡲ ࡋ࠸ᑗ᮶ീࡶᥥࡁࡔࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࠋ ᮏ✏࡛ࡣࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࡇࡶ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚ࠊᶒࢆࡵࡄࡿ࠶ࢀࡇࢀࡘ࠸࡚㏙࡚ࡁࡓࠋ ཝᐦ࡞ㄽ㏙࡛࡞ࡃࠊ๓✏ྜࢃࡏ࡚ࠊἲ♫ࡢㅖၥ㢟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ୍ࡘࡢࠕླྀㄝࠖ ࡞ࡿࡼ࠺ᚰࡀࡅࡓࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊᏛ⾡ⓗ࡞ヲ⣽⯆ࢆᣢࡓࢀࡿ᪉ࡣࠊࡋ࡚ὀ ࠾࠸࡚♧ࡋࡓㅖㄽ⪃ᒎ㛤ࡋ࡚࠸ࢀࡿࡼ࠸ᛮ࠸ࠊ⣽㒊ࡢླྀ㏙ࡶ␃ពࡋ࡚ ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࢆㄞࡲࢀࡿ᪉ࡢከᵝ࡞ࢽ࣮ࢬᑡࡋ࡛ࡶᛂ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࢀࡤᖾ࠸࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ⏣Ᏻᘯࠕ㍍ᚤ⣮தฎ⌮㛵ࡍࡿ⌮ㄽⓗ୍⪃ᐹࠖ 㸦ᮾி㒔❧ᏛἲᏛ㞧ㄅ 26 ᕳ 2 ྕࠊ1985 ᖺ㸧ཧ↷ࠋ࡞࠾ࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞♫ኚືࢆ㌟㏆ឤࡌࡉࡏࡿᩍᮦࡶ࡞ࡿࡢࡀࠊ࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢࢸࣞࣅ ࢻ࣐ࣛࠕⲡཎࡢᑠࡉ࡞ᐙ㸦Little House on the Prairie㸧 ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢసရࡣࠊ19 ୡ⣖ᚋ༙ࡢ ࣓ࣜ࢝♫ࡀᛴ⃭ࠕἲࠖࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡃᵝᏊࡀࠊࡑࡇᕳࡁ㎸ࡲࢀࡿேࠎࡢ⏕ࡁ᪉ࡶά ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࢻ࣓࢟ࣗࣥࢱ࣮࡛ࣜࡣ࡞࠸㸦ࣇࢡࢩࣙࣥࡢࢻ࣐࡛ࣛ࠶ࡿ㸧ࡀࠊྐᐇ༶ࡋ࡚ࡑ ࡇᥥࢀ࡚࠸ࡿୡ⏺ࡣ୍ࡘࡢࣜࣜࢸࡋ࡚ࠊ㈗㔜࡞㈨ᩱ࡞ࡿࡼ࠺ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ 37 25 168 和田 安弘 ཧ↷ᩥ⊩୍ぴ㸦ጣࣝࣇ࣋ࢵࢺ㡰㸧 ࣭㜿㒊ㅽஓࠗࣁ࣮࣓ࣝࣥࡢ➜྿ࡁ⏨࠘ࡕࡃࡲᩥᗜࠊ1988 ᖺ ࣭ྠࠗ㏆௦ୡ㛫࠘ᮅ᪥᪂᭩ࠊ2006 ᖺ ࣭㝞⯗⮧ࠗ൲ᩍ୕༓ᖺ࠘୰බᩥᗜࠊ2009 ᖺ ࣭Anthony Giddens, Runaway World, 2nd ed. Routledge, 2003 ࣭A࣭ࢠࢹࣥࢬ㸦బ㝯ගヂ㸧 ࠗᭀ㉮ࡍࡿୡ⏺࠘ࢲࣖࣔࣥࢻ♫ࠊ2001 ᖺ ࣭John Owen Haley (1978), The Myth of the Reluctant Litigant, 4 Journal of Japanese Studies 359 ࣭ࢪ࣭ࣙࣥO࣭࣮࣊ࣜ㸦ຍ⸨᪂ኴ㑻ヂ㸧 ࠕุ᎘࠸ࡢ⚄ヰ㸦ୖ࣭ୗ㸧 ุࠖሗ 902࣭907 ྕࠊ1978࣭1979 ᖺ ࣭Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Grundlinien der Philosophie des Rechts, (1821) Suhrkamp, 1986 ࣭Edward Adamson Hoebel, The Law of Primitive Man, Harvard Univ. Press, 1954 ࣭Wesley Newcomb Hohfeld (1913), Some Fundamental Legal Conceptions as Applied in Judicial Reasoning, 23 Yale Law Journal 16. ࣭ୖᾈ୍ࠗ⏕ࡁṧࡗࡓᖇᅜࣅࢨࣥࢸࣥ࠘ㅮㄯ♫Ꮫ⾡ᩥᗜࠊ2008 ᖺ ࣭ఀᮾಇኴ㑻ࠗ༑ୡ⣖ࣝࢿࢧࣥࢫ࠘ㅮㄯ♫Ꮫ⾡ᩥᗜࠊ2006 ᖺ ࣭ᒾඞேࣦ࢙ࠗࢽࢫࡢၟேࡢ㈨ᮏㄽ࠘ࡕࡃࡲᏛⱁᩥᗜࠊ1992 ᖺ ࣭ R࣭࢙࣮ࣜࣥࢢ㸦ᮧୖ῟୍ヂ㸧 ࠗᶒࡢࡓࡵࡢ㜚த࠘ (Rudolf von Jhering, Der Kampf um’s Recht, 1872) ᒾἼᩥᗜࠊ1982 ᖺ ࣭ຍᆅఙ⾜ࠗ൲ᩍࡣఱ࠘୰බ᪂᭩ࠊ1990 ᖺ ࣭ྠࠗỿ㯲ࡢ᐀ᩍ൲ᩍ࠘ࡕࡃࡲᏛⱁᩥᗜࠊ2011 ᖺ ࣭㔠㇂㸦ヂὀ㸧 ࠗㄽㄒ࠘ᒾἼᩥᗜࠊ1999 ᖺ ࣭ຍ⸨ᑦṊ࣮ࠗ࣊ࢤࣝࡢࠕἲࠖဴᏛ࠘㟷ᅵ♫ࠊ1993 ᖺ ࣭ᕝᓥṊᐅࠗ᪥ᮏேࡢἲព㆑࠘ᒾἼ᪂᭩ࠊ1967 ᖺ ࣭⳥ụⰋ⏕ࠗ⚄⪷࣮࣐ࣟᖇᅜ࠘ 㸦ㅮㄯ♫⌧௦᪂᭩ࠊ2003 ᖺ㸧 ࣭ᒣᚭࠗࢲ࣒࣭ࢫ࣑ࢫࠗᅜᐩㄽ࠘ࢆㄞࡴ࠘ᒾἼ᭩ᗑࠊ2011 ᖺ ࣭Karl Marx, Das Kapital : Kritik der Politischen Ökonomie, (1867) 39.Auflage 2008, Karl Dietz Verlag Berlin. ࣭K࣭࣐ࣝࢡࢫ㸦Ṋ⏣㝯ኵヂ㸧 ࠗ⤒῭Ꮫᢈุ࠘ᒾἼᩥᗜࠊ1956 ᖺ 26 法社会学叙説・秋霜編 169 ࣭ⓗሙᘯࠗ㉸ヂࠗ㈨ᮏㄽ࠘ ࠘⚈ఏ♫᪂᭩ࠊ2008 ᖺ ࣭Roscoe Pound (1906), The Causes of Popular Dissatisfaction with the Administration of Justice, 29 A.B.A. Report 395 (reprinted in 35 Federal Rules Decisions 273) ࣭Max Radin (1938), A Restatement of Hohfeld, 51 Harvard Law Review 1141 ࣭Adam Smith, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, (1776) Penguin Books, 1999. ࣭Reginald Smith, Justice and the Poor, The Merrymount Press, 1919. ࣭⏣୰⚽ኸ⦅ࠗ⨶㎡࠘◊✲♫ࠊ1966 ᖺ ࣭ᑎ⃝ⰾ㞝⦅ࠗⱥㄒㄒ※㎡࠘◊✲♫ࠊ1997 ᖺ ࣭⏣Ᏻᘯࠕ᪥ᮏேࡀᶒྥࡁྜ࠺ࠖᅜ㝿ேὶ 40 ྕࠊ1990 ᖺ ࣭ྠࠗἲ⣮தࡢ♫Ꮫ࠘ୡ⏺ᛮ♫ࠊ1994 ᖺ ࣭ྠࠕKT ୡ௦ࡢᶒほᛕࠖ㜰ዪᏊᏛே㛫㛵ಀㄽ㞟 14 ྕࠊ1997 ᖺ ࣭ྠࠕ⌮ゎᯟ⤌ࡳࡋ࡚ࡢ࢜ࢿ࢞ᩥࠖ㜰ዪᏊᏛே㛫㛵ಀㄽ㞟 16 ྕࠊ 1999 ᖺ ࣭ྠࠗ⣮தඹឤࡢࣜࣜࢸ㸸 ࠕࣜࣜࢸࡢඹ᭷ࠖ㛵ࡍࡿἲ♫Ꮫⓗ⪃ᐹ ࠘ 㜰බ❧Ꮫඹྠฟ∧ࠊ2012 ᖺ ࣭ྠࠕἲ♫Ꮫླྀㄝ࣭㞾⦅ࠖே㛫⛉Ꮫ㸸㜰ᗓ❧Ꮫ⣖せ 9 ྕࠊ2014 ᖺ ࣭Ώ㎶ὒ୕ࠗἲࢆᏛࡪ࠘ᒾἼ᪂᭩ࠊ1986 ᖺ ࣭ᶓᒣ⣫୍ࠗࣝࢿࢧࣥࢫ࠘ㅮㄯ♫Ꮫ⾡ᩥᗜࠊ1993 ᖺ 27 170 和田 安弘 Sociology of Law, Narrative 2 Yasuhiro WADA This article depicts the diverse character of the author’s lectures on sociology of law at Osaka Prefecture University. Drawing on the author’s book, Realities of Conflict and Compassion, the central themes of his lectures are explicated in a detailed narrative. Theoretical observations are illustrated with familiar examples to articulate the disciplines of sociology of law and conflict resolution. Following Narrative 1, which depicts the essence of society and socialization with the highlights of various social norms and the social order established through social dynamics of dispute processing within legal system, Narrative 2 focuses on the concept of “right” developed in the modern Western world and examines its precise meaning in the Japanese context, with some special analyses on the concept of right in jurisprudence. 28
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