¡“≥æ«∑Ë„™â·≈â«·≈–Õÿ≥ À¿Ÿ¡°“√º ¡ ∑

π‘æπ∏åµâπ©∫—∫
º≈°√–∑∫¢Õßª√‘¡“≥æ’«’´’∑’Ë„™â·≈â«·≈–Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘°“√º ¡
∑’Ë¡’º≈µàÕ ¡∫—µ‘¢Õßº≈‘µ¿—≥±åæ’«’´’‚ø¡
»‘√‘π∑√ ∑Õß· ß1 ◊∫æß…å ÿ«æπ“«‘«—≤πå 2 ®—°√æ≈ ÿæ√√≥‡¿ —™2
ÿ∑‘π ®—π∑«“» 2 °ƒ…¥“ §”æ—π∏å 2 ·≈– ≥√ß§åƒ∑∏‘Ï ¡∫—µ ‘ ¡¿æ3
Abstract
Thongsang, S.1, Suwapanaviwat, S.2, Supanpesat, J.2, Chantawart, S.2,
Khamphan, K.1 and Sombatsompop, N.2
Effects of recycled PVC content and processing temperature
on the properties of PVC foam products
Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol., 2005, 27(3) : 575-589
This work used different types of recycled PVC products including PVC pipes and bottles, as rigid
recyclates, and PVC plastic coverings, as soft recyclate. The PVC recyclates were added into virgin PVC
foam, ranging from 0-100wt%. The PVC blends were then moulded with different processing temperatures,
and their properties were monitored. It was found that the concentration of the pipe recyclates up to 60 wt%
could be used to add into the PVC virgin for production of rigid PVC foam products. The higher the recyclate
content led to the higher the blend density and the mechanical properties (flexural and impact strength,
1
Department of Tools and Material Engineering, Faculty of Engineering 2Division of Materials Technology,
Faculty of Energy and Materials, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Thung
Khru, Bangkok, 10140 Thailand.
1
M.Eng.(Material Technology), 2π—°»÷°…“ ¿“§«‘™“«‘»«°√√¡‡§√◊ËÕß¡◊Õ·≈–«— ¥ÿ §≥–«‘»«°√√¡»“ µ√å 3Ph.D.(Polymer Processing
and Rheology), √Õß»“ µ√“®“√¬å, “¬«‘™“‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’«— ¥ÿ §≥–æ≈—ßß“π·≈–«— ¥ÿ ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’æ√–®Õ¡‡°≈â“∏π∫ÿ√’
·¢«ß∫“ß¡¥ ‡¢µ∑ÿàß§√ÿ °√ÿß‡∑æœ 10140
Corresponding e-mail: [email protected]
√—∫µâπ©∫—∫ 16 °√°Æ“§¡ 2547
√—∫≈ßæ‘¡æå 27 °—π¬“¬π 2547
Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol.
Vol.27 No.3 May - Jun. 2005
Recycled PVC content and processing temperature
Thongsang, S., et al.
576
and hardness). For bottle recyclates, up to 60 wt% of bottle recyclates could be used for rigid PVC foam
production, but the overall properties, except for the impact strength, of the PVC foam did not improve with
increasing the recycled bottles. For recycled coverings, increasing plastic coverings led to an increase in
average cell size, but resulted in decreases of impact and hardness resistances. The flexible or soft PVC foam
products could be manufactured with use of 0-100wt% recycled coverings. In summary, it could be concluded
that recyclates of pipes, bottles and plastic coverings can be mixed with virgin PVC foam for making foam
products.
Key words : recycled PVC, rigid PVC foam, soft PVC foam, pipe, bottle, plastic covering
∫∑§—¥¬àÕ
»‘√‘π∑√ ∑Õß· ß ◊∫æß…å ÿ«æπ“«‘«—≤πå ®—°√æ≈ ÿæ√√≥‡¿ —™
ÿ∑‘π ®—π∑«“» °ƒ…¥“ §”æ—π∏å ·≈– ≥√ß§åƒ∑∏‘Ï ¡∫—µ‘ ¡¿æ
º≈°√–∑∫¢Õßª√‘¡“≥æ’«’´’∑’Ë„™â·≈â«·≈–Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘°“√º ¡∑’Ë¡’º≈µàÕ ¡∫—µ‘
¢Õßº≈‘µ¿—≥±åæ’«’´’‚ø¡
«. ß¢≈“π§√‘π∑√å «∑∑. 2548 27(3) : 575-589
ß“π«‘®—¬π’È‡ªìπ°“√π”«— ¥ÿæ’«’´’∑’Ëºà“π°“√„™âß“π·≈â« (recycled PVC) °≈—∫¡“À¡ÿπ‡«’¬π„™â„À¡à ‚¥¬π”∑—Èßæ’«’´’
™π‘¥·¢Áß§◊Õ ∑àÕ√âÕ¬ “¬‰ø·≈–¢«¥·™¡æŸ ·≈–æ’«´’ ™’ π‘¥ÕàÕπ§◊Õ ª°æ≈“ µ‘° ‡µ‘¡≈ß„πæ’«´’ ‚’ ø¡∫√‘ ∑ÿ ∏‘„Ï πÕ—µ√“ à«π
0-100% ‚¥¬πÈ”Àπ—° ·≈–¢÷Èπ√Ÿª¥â«¬Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘°“√º ¡µà“ßÊ ‡æ◊ËÕ»÷°…“§«“¡‡ªìπ‰ª‰¥â¢ÕßÕ—µ√“ à«π∑’Ë “¡“√∂¢÷Èπ√Ÿª
æ’«’´’‚ø¡‰¥â®√‘ß„π‡∫◊ÈÕßµâπ ®“°π—Èππ”æ’«’´’‚ø¡∑’Ë¢÷Èπ√Ÿª‰¥â‰ª∑¥ Õ∫ ¡∫—µ‘∑“ß°≈ ∑“ß°“¬¿“æ µ≈Õ¥®π°“√
µ√«® Õ∫‚§√ß √â“ß∑“ß®ÿ≈¿“§ ”À√—∫°“√π”∑àÕ√âÕ¬ “¬‰ø¢÷Èπ√Ÿª‡ªìπæ’«’´’‚ø¡·¢Áß‡°√Áß (rigid PVC foam) æ∫«à“
“¡“√∂¢÷Èπ√Ÿªæ’«’´’‚ø¡∑’Ë¡’°“√‡µ‘¡∑àÕ√âÕ¬ “¬‰ø‰¥â„π™à«ß 0-60% ‚¥¬πÈ”Àπ—° °“√‡µ‘¡∑àÕ√âÕ¬ “¬‰ø„πª√‘¡“≥∑’Ë
¡“°¢÷Èππ—Èπ∑”„Àâ§«“¡Àπ“·πàπ‡æ‘Ë¡ Ÿß¢÷Èπ·≈– àßº≈µàÕ ¡∫—µ‘∑“ß°≈¥â“π§«“¡∑π·√ß°√–·∑° ∑π·√ß¥—¥ ·≈–§«“¡
·¢Áß‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ¥â«¬ °“√π”¢«¥·™¡æŸ¢÷Èπ√Ÿª‡ªìπ‚ø¡·¢Áß‡°√Áß æ∫«à“ “¡“√∂¢÷Èπ√Ÿªæ’«’´’‚ø¡∑’Ë¡’°“√‡µ‘¡¢«¥·™¡æŸ‰¥â
„π™à«ß 0-60% ‚¥¬πÈ”Àπ—° °“√‡µ‘¡¢«¥·™¡æŸ„πª√‘¡“≥¡“°¢÷πÈ ®–‰¡à ßà º≈µàÕ ¡∫—µ∑‘ “ß°“¬¿“æ·≈–∑“ß°≈ ¬°‡«âπ
§«“¡∑π·√ß°√–·∑°‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ·≈–§«“¡·¢Áß≈¥≈ß‡≈Á°πâÕ¬ à«π¥â“π°“√π”ª°æ≈“ µ‘°¢÷Èπ√Ÿª‡ªìπ‚ø¡ÕàÕπ (soft PVC
foam) æ∫«à“ “¡“√∂¢÷Èπ√Ÿªæ’«’´’‚ø¡∑’Ë¡’°“√‡µ‘¡ª°æ≈“ µ‘°‰¥â„π™à«ß 0-100% ‚¥¬πÈ”Àπ—° ‚¥¬°“√‡µ‘¡ª°æ≈“ µ‘°
„πª√‘¡“≥‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ∑”„Àâ¢π“¥‡´≈≈å‚ø¡‡©≈’Ë¬„À≠à¢÷Èπ·≈– àßº≈µàÕ ¡∫—µ‘∑“ß°≈¥â“π§«“¡∑π·√ß¥÷ß·≈–§«“¡·¢Áß
≈¥≈ß¥â«¬ ®“°º≈°“√«‘®—¬π’È √ÿª‰¥â«à“ “¡“√∂π”«— ¥ÿæ’«’´’∑’Ë„™âß“π·≈â«°≈—∫¡“·ª√√Ÿª„Àâ‡ªìπº≈‘µ¿—≥±å‚ø¡‰¥â
æ’ «’ ´’ ‡ ªì π æ≈“ µ‘ ° ∑’Ë “¡“√∂‡≈◊ Õ °¢÷È π √Ÿ ª ‡ªì π
º≈‘µ¿—≥±å‰¥â„πÀ≈“¬Ê ·∫∫ ‰¡à«à“®–‡ªìπæ’«’´’™π‘¥·¢Áß
‡°√ÁßÀ√◊ÕÕàÕπ √«¡∂÷ß°“√º≈‘µ‡ªìπæ’«’´’‚ø¡¥â«¬°“√∑”„Àâ
‡ªìπ√Ÿæ√ÿπ‡≈Á°Ê (microcellular) Õ¬Ÿà¿“¬„π‡π◊ÈÕæ’«’´’·≈–
∑”„Àâ¡’ ¡∫—µ‘‡ªìπ‚ø¡·¢Áß‡°√Áß (rigid foam) ´÷Ëß‡ªìπ°“√
æ—≤π“«— ¥ÿ∑’Ë¡’§«“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√π”‰ª„™âß“πÀ≈“¬¥â“π
¡“°¢÷Èπ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–°≈ÿà¡º≈‘µ¿—≥±åß“π‡øÕ√åπ‘‡®Õ√å¿“¬„π
Õ“§“√∫â“π‡√◊Õπ ‡™àπ °√Õ∫ª√–µŸ Àπâ“µà“ß ‡ªìπµâπ ™à«¬
∑”„Àâº≈‘µ¿—≥±å¡π
’ ”È Àπ—°‡∫“ ™à«¬≈¥§à“„™â®“à ¬„π°“√¢π àß
Õ’°∑—Èß√“§“¢Õßº≈‘µ¿—≥±å≈¥≈ß¥â«¬ ¥â«¬‡Àµÿπ’È®÷ß∑”„Àâ¡’
ª√‘¡“≥°“√π”æ’«’´’¡“„™â°—π¡“° ·≈–¬àÕ¡ àßº≈µàÕªí≠À“
°“√°”®—¥¢¬–À√◊Õ¢Õß‡ ’¬æ’«’´’µ“¡¡“ ®“°°“√°”®—¥
¢Õß‡ ’¬¥â«¬«‘∏’°“√‡º“·≈–Ωíß°≈∫π—Èπ∑”„Àâ‡°‘¥¡≈æ‘…·≈–
¡’º≈°√–∑∫µàÕ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ ®÷ß∑”„Àâ„πÀ≈“¬Ê ª√–‡∑»‡√‘Ë¡
¡’°“√·°â‰¢ªí≠À“°“√°”®—¥¢Õß‡ ’¬æ’«´’ ¥’ «â ¬°“√π”°≈—∫¡“
À¡ÿπ‡«’¬π„™â„À¡à
Õ¬à“ß‰√°Áµ“¡ °“√π”æ’«’´’°≈—∫¡“„™â„À¡à‚¥¬ª°µ‘
¡—°ª√– ∫ªí≠À“‡°’Ë¬«°—∫§«“¡‰¡à‡ ∂’¬√µàÕ§«“¡√âÕπ¢Õß
«. ß¢≈“π§√‘π∑√å «∑∑.
ªï∑’Ë 27 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 3 æ.§. - ¡‘.¬. 2548
577
æ’«’´’ °≈à“«§◊Õ À“°π”æ’«’´’‡°à“¡“∑”°“√º≈‘µÀ√◊Õ¢÷Èπ√Ÿª´È”
Õ’° Õ“®‰¥âº≈‘µ¿—≥±å∑’Ë¡’ ¡∫—µ‘‰¡à¥’æÕ Õ’°∑—Èß≈—°…≥–¿“¬
πÕ°®–‡ª≈’Ë¬π·ª≈ß‰ª ‡™àπ °“√‡ª≈’Ë¬π ’¢ÕßæÕ≈‘‡¡Õ√å
®“° ’ª°µ‘‰ª‡ªìπ ’‡À≈◊Õß‰À¡â ≈—°…≥–‡™àππ’È‡°‘¥®“°
ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“∑“ß‡§¡’∑’Ë‡√’¬°«à“ Dehydrohalogenation ∑”„Àâ
°ä“´‰Œ‚¥√‡®π§≈Õ‰√¥åÀ≈ÿ¥ÕÕ°¡“ ·≈–ªí≠À“Õ’°Õ¬à“ß∑’Ë
∑”„Àâ°√–∫«π°“√π”æ’«’´’°≈—∫¡“À¡ÿπ‡«’¬π„™â„À¡à‡ªìπ‰ª
¥â«¬§«“¡¬“°≈”∫“°§◊Õ °“√ ≈“¬µ—«·≈–°“√‡ª≈’Ë¬π·ª≈ß
∑“ß‡§¡’¢Õß “√‡µ‘¡·µàßÕ◊ËπÊ
ß“π«‘®—¬∑’Ëºà“π¡“‡°’Ë¬«°—∫°“√º≈‘µæ’«’´’‚ø¡¡’∑—Èß∑’Ë
»÷°…“∑“ß¥â“π°√–∫«π°“√º≈‘µ ¡∫—µ‘¢Õßæ’«’´’‚ø¡ ·≈–
°“√º≈‘µæ’«’´’‚ø¡®“°æ’«’´’∑’Ë„™â·≈â« Õ“∑‘ Thomas ·≈–
Quirk (1995) ‰¥â∑”°“√»÷°…“°“√π”¢«¥æ’«´
’ °’ ≈—∫¡“º≈‘µ
‡ªìπ‚ø¡·¢Áß‡°√Áß ‚¥¬°“√π”¡“º ¡°—∫æ’«’´’‚ø¡∫√‘ ÿ∑∏‘Ï
æ∫«à“ °“√‡µ‘¡¢«¥æ’«’´’¡“°¢÷Èπ∑”„Àâ√Ÿª√à“ß¢Õß‡´≈≈å‚ø¡
À¬“∫°«à“æ’«’´’∫√‘ ÿ∑∏‘Ï ´÷Ëß¡’√Ÿª√à“ß∑’Ë‰¡à‡ªìπ∑√ß°≈¡ ´÷Ëß
Õ“®‡ªìπº≈®“°§«“¡ “¡“√∂¢Õß°“√Õ—¥µ—«·≈–°“√‰À≈
¢≥–º ¡∑’Ë‰À≈¬“°¢÷Èπ ·µà§«“¡Àπ“·πàπ¢Õß‚ø¡¬—ß§ß‰¡à
‡ª≈’Ë¬π·ª≈ß ·≈–‡¡◊ËÕπ”‰ª∑¥ Õ∫§«“¡∑π·√ß°√–·∑°
æ∫«à“æ≈—ßß“π∑’Ë∑”„Àâº‘«‡ ’¬À“¬‰¡à‡ª≈’Ë¬π·ª≈ßπ—° Õ’°∑—Èß
¢π“¥ √Ÿª√à“ß·≈–°“√°√–®“¬¢Õß‡´≈≈å‡≈Á°Ê ∑’Ëµ√«® Õ∫
‚§√ß √â“ß∑“ß®ÿ≈¿“§®“°°≈âÕß®ÿ≈∑√√»πå·∫∫ àÕß°√“¥
·µ°µà“ß°—π‡æ’¬ß‡≈Á°πâÕ¬ Sombatsompop ·≈– Thongsang (2001) ·≈– »‘√‘π∑√ ·≈–§≥– (2544) ‰¥â∑”°“√
»÷ ° …“∂÷ ß º≈¢Õß°“√º ¡∑à Õ πÈ” æ’ «’ ´’ ∑’Ë „ ™â · ≈â « ≈ß„πæ’ «’ ´’
∫√‘ ÿ∑∏‘Ï‡°√¥√’¥∑àÕ·≈–‡°√¥‡ªÉ“¢«¥ „πÕ—µ√“ à«π∑’Ë‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ
®“° 0-80% ‚¥¬πÈ”Àπ—° æ∫«à“∑àÕπÈ”æ’«’´’∑’Ë„™â·≈â«∑’Ë∂Ÿ°
‡µ‘¡≈ß„πæ’«’´’∫√‘ ÿ∑∏‘Ï∑”„Àâ§à“¥—™π’°“√‰À≈≈¥≈ß ·≈–
ª√‘¡“≥°“√æÕßøŸ‰¡à‡ª≈’¬Ë π·ª≈ß¡“°π—° ·µà¡ª’ √‘¡“≥‡æ‘¡Ë
Ÿß¢÷Èπ‡¡◊ËÕÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ ´÷ËßÕ“®‡°‘¥°“√À≈Õ¡µ—«¢Õß
Õπÿ¿“§¢Õßæ’«’´’ ”À√—∫ à«πº ¡∑’Ë¡’ª√‘¡“≥∑àÕπÈ”æ’«’´’∑’Ë
„™â·≈â«‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ ∑”„Àâ§«“¡Àπ“·πàπ ·≈–§«“¡·¢Áß‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ
µ“¡‰ª¥â«¬ Õ’°∑—ßÈ ¬—ß∑”„ÀâÕ≥
ÿ À¿Ÿ¡ ‘ ≈“¬µ—« Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‡‘ ª≈’¬Ë π
∂“π–§≈â“¬·°â« ·≈–Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ÕàÕπµ—«‡æ‘Ë¡ Ÿß¢÷Èπ Laurent
·≈–§≥– (1997) ∑”°“√»÷°…“∂÷ß§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“ß
°√–∫«π°“√º≈‘µ·≈–√Ÿª√à“ß‡´≈≈å¢Õß‚ø¡«— ¥ÿº ¡æ’«’´’
°—∫‡ âπ„¬‰¡â æ∫«à“°“√„™â “√‡æ‘Ë¡§«“¡¬◊¥À¬ÿàπ®–∑”„Àâ
ª√‘¡“≥æ’«’´’∑’Ë„™â·≈â«·≈–Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘°“√º ¡
»‘√‘π∑√ ∑Õß· ß ·≈–§≥–
§«“¡Àπ◊¥≈¥≈ß ·≈–‡°‘¥ª√‘¡“≥°ä“´¡“°¢÷Èπ Õ’°∑—Èß°“√„™â
“√∫”∫—¥º‘«‡ âπ„¬‰¡â™à«¬„π°“√¬÷¥‡°“–√–À«à“ßº‘«¢Õß
‡ âπ„¬‰¡â°—∫æ’«’´’„Àâ¥’¢÷Èπ¥â«¬ ´÷ËßªÑÕß°—π°“√√—Ë«¢Õß°ä“´
¥—ßπ—Èπ°“√‡µ‘¡∑—Èß “√‡æ‘Ë¡§«“¡¬◊¥À¬ÿàπ·≈– “√∫”∫—¥º‘«
‡ â π „¬‰¡â ®÷ ß ∑”„Àâ «— ¥ÿ ¡’ § «“¡‡ªì π ‡´≈≈å ‚ ø¡‰¥â ¥’ ¢÷È π ¥â « ¬
Weller ·≈–§≥– (1997) »÷°…“Õ‘∑∏‘æ≈ “√‡µ‘¡·µàß·≈–
§«“¡Àπ“·πà π ¢Õß‚ø¡∑’Ë ¡’ µà Õ ¡∫— µ‘ ° “√∑π·√ß¥÷ ß ¢Õß
æ’«’´’‚ø¡ ‚¥¬°“√‡µ√’¬¡«—µ∂ÿ¥‘∫∑’Ë¢÷Èπ√Ÿª™‘Èπß“π∑¥ Õ∫‰ª
∑”„Àâ‡°‘¥‚ø¡∑’ËÕ‘Ë¡µ—«·≈–¡’§«“¡Àπ“·πàπ —¡æ—∑∏å„π™à«ß
0.38-1 æ∫«à“ ‡¡◊ËÕ§«“¡Àπ“·πàπ≈¥≈ß ∑—Èß§«“¡·°√àß
·≈–§«“¡·¢Áß·√ß∑“ß°“√¥÷ß≈¥≈ßµ“¡‰ª¥â«¬ Patterson
·≈–§≥– (1997) »÷°…“Õ‘∑∏‘æ≈¢Õß§«“¡Àπ“·πàπ‚ø¡∑’Ë
¡’º≈µàÕ ¡∫—µ‘∑“ß°“¬¿“æ¢Õßæ’«’´’‚ø¡ „π·µà≈– Ÿµ√π—Èπ¡’
°“√„™âª√‘¡“≥ “√æÕßøŸ “√™à«¬„π°√–∫«π°“√º≈‘µ ·≈–
Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘„π°√–∫«π°“√º≈‘µµà“ß°—π ‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ‰¥âæ’«’´’‚ø¡„π
™à«ß§«“¡Àπ“·πàπµà“ßÊ ‡¡◊ËÕ§«“¡Àπ“·πàπ≈¥≈ß ¡∫—µ‘
°“√∑π·√ß¥÷ß °“√∑π°√–·∑°·≈–∑π·√ß¥—¥≈¥≈ßµ“¡‰ª
¥â«¬ Rabinovitch ·≈–§≥– (1997) »÷°…“∂÷ßÕ‘∑∏‘æ≈
¢Õß ¿“«–°“√º≈‘µ¢Õß°√–∫«π°“√Õ—¥√’¥¢÷Èπ√Ÿªæ’«’´’‚ø¡
·¢Áß‡°√Áß ‚¥¬°“√π” Ÿµ√æ’«’´’‚ø¡·¢Áß‡°√Áß¡“‡µ‘¡ “√
æÕßøŸ·≈â«ºà“π°√–∫«π°“√Õ—¥√’¥·∫∫‡°≈’¬«ÀπÕπ‡¥’Ë¬«
¥â«¬°“√„™âÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘·≈–§«“¡‡√Á«√Õ∫„π°“√º≈‘µµà“ßÊ °—π
æ∫«à“„π°√–∫«π°“√º≈‘µæ’«’´’‚ø¡π—Èπ¡’Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘°“√º≈‘µ
∑’Ë‡À¡“– ¡§◊Õ 190-196ºC ´÷Ëß™à«ßπ’È∑”„Àâ‰¥âæ’«’´’‚ø¡∑’Ë¡’
§«“¡Àπ“·πàπµË” √Ÿª√à“ß‡´≈≈å ¡Ë”‡ ¡Õ°—π º‘«¿“¬πÕ°
«¬ß“¡ ·µà‡¡◊ÕË §«“¡‡√Á«√Õ∫¢Õß °√Ÿ ßŸ ∑”„Àâ√ªŸ √à“ß‡´≈≈å
¡’¢π“¥‡≈Á°≈ß §«“¡Àπ“·πàπ Ÿß ·≈–º‘«À¬“∫¢÷Èπ ∑—Èßπ’È
‡π◊ËÕß®“°¡’‡«≈“„π°√–∫«π°“√º≈‘µπâÕ¬ ®÷ß¡’‚Õ°“ ‡°‘¥
‚ø¡‰¥âπÕâ ¬≈ß
„πß“π«‘®—¬π’È®÷ß∑”°“√»÷°…“º≈°√–∑∫¢Õßª√‘¡“≥
æ’«’´’∑’Ë„™â·≈â«·≈–Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘°“√º ¡∑’Ë¡’º≈µàÕ§«“¡ “¡“√∂
„π°“√¢÷Èπ√Ÿª ¡∫—µ‘∑“ß°“¬¿“æ ·≈– ¡∫—µ‘∑“ß°≈¢Õß
º≈‘µ¿—≥±åæ’«’´’‚ø¡ ‡æ◊ËÕ„™â‡ªìπ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈„π°“√ª√–‡¡‘π§«“¡
‡ªìπ‰ª‰¥â¢Õß°“√º≈‘µæ’«’´’‚ø¡®“°«— ¥ÿæ’«’´’∑’Ë„™â·≈â« ·≈–
‡ªìπ·π«∑“ß„π°“√‡≈◊Õ°Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘°“√º ¡∑’Ë‡À¡“– ¡°—∫
ª√‘ ¡ “≥°“√‡µ‘ ¡ æ’ «’ ´’ ∑’Ë “¡“√∂º≈‘ µ æ’ «’ ´’ ‚ ø¡‰¥â √ «¡∂÷ ß
¡∫—µ‘∑“ß°≈¢Õßº≈‘µ¿—≥±åæ’«’´’‚ø¡π—ÈπÊ
Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol.
Vol.27 No.3 May - Jun. 2005
Recycled PVC content and processing temperature
Thongsang, S., et al.
578
«‘∏°’ “√∑¥≈Õß
ÀπÕπ§Ÿà √ÿàπ HAAKE PolyLab Rheomex CTW 100p
¢Õß∫√‘…—∑ HAKKE Co.Ltd. (Germany) ´÷Ëß¡’°”≈—ß
¡Õ‡µÕ√å¢π“¥ 10 °”≈—ß·√ß¡â“ ”À√—∫¢—∫ °√Ÿ∑’Ë„™âº ¡´÷Ëß
¡’¢π“¥ —¥ à«π¢Õß™à«ßªÑÕπ‡¡Á¥æ≈“ µ‘°µàÕ™à«ßª≈“¬‡ªìπ
31.3/20 ¡¡. ‚¥¬æ’«’´’À≈Õ¡∂Ÿ°Õ—¥√’¥ºà“π·¡àæ‘¡æåÕ—¥√’¥
√Ÿª ’Ë‡À≈’Ë¬¡ (slit die) ¢π“¥ 2.8×18 ¡¡. ‚¥¬°“√„™â
¿“«–°“√º≈‘µ¥—ß Table 3
®“°π—Èπµ—¥™‘Èπß“πµ“¡
¡“µ√∞“πµà“ßÊ ¥â«¬‡§√◊ËÕß°—¥ (milling)
1. æ’«’´’‚ø¡·¢Áß‡°√Áß
1.1 «— ¥ÿ∑’Ë„™â
«— ¥ÿæ«’ ´’ ∑’ „’Ë ™â·≈â«§◊Õ ∑àÕ√âÕ¬ “¬‰ø (Pipe:
P) ·≈–¢«¥·™¡æŸ (Bottle: B)
2) «— ¥ÿ “√ª√–°Õ∫æ’ «’ ´’ ∫ √‘ ÿ ∑ ∏‘Ï ‡ °√¥‚ø¡
·¢Áß‡°√Áß (Rigid Foam: RF) “√‡µ‘¡·µàß∑’Ë„™â‡ªìπ‡°√¥
°“√§â“ ‚¥¬¡’ª√‘¡“≥ à«πª√–°Õ∫¥—ß√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥„π Table
1)
1
1.2 °“√º ¡·≈–¢÷Èπ√Ÿª™‘Èπß“π∑¥ Õ∫
‡µ√’¬¡ “√ª√–°Õ∫æ’«’´’¥—ß Table 2 ·≈â«π”
‰ªº ¡·Àâ ß ¥â « ¬‡§√◊Ë Õ ßº ¡§«“¡‡√Á « √Õ∫ Ÿ ß ¢Õß∫√‘ …— ∑
Labtech Co., Ltd. (Thailand) ‡«≈“„π°“√º ¡ 2 π“∑’
®“°π—Èπ¢÷Èπ√Ÿª™‘Èπß“π∑¥ Õ∫¥â«¬‡§√◊ËÕßÕ—¥√’¥·∫∫‡°≈’¬«
1.3 °“√∑¥ Õ∫Õ—µ√“°“√æÕßøŸ
„π°“√∑¥ Õ∫Õ—µ√“°“√æÕßøŸ ‚¥¬°“√π”¢Õß
º ¡æ’«’´’Õ—µ√“ à«πµà“ßÊ ∑’Ë‡µ√’¬¡‰«â¡“Õ—¥√’¥ºà“π·¡àæ‘¡æå
∑’Ë¡’≈—°…≥–‡ªìπ√Ÿª√à“ß°≈¡ (circular die) ‡ âπºà“π»Ÿπ¬å
°≈“ß 5 ¡¡. ·≈–„™â ¿“«–°“√º≈‘µ‡À¡◊Õπ°—∫°“√¢÷Èπ√Ÿª
™‘Èπß“π∑¥ Õ∫¥—ß∑’Ë°≈à“«¡“¢â“ßµâπ ‡æ◊ËÕ«—¥§à“Õ—µ√“°“√
æÕßøŸ ´÷Ëß§”π«≥®“° ¡°“√
Table 1. Compositions of vigin PVC compounds
for rigid PVC foam.
Composition
content (phr)
1. PVC resin Suspension Type K58
2. Dibutyl Tin Maleate Compound
3. Acrylic Processing Aid
4. Calciam Stearate
5. Stearic Acid
6. PE Wax
7. White Oil
8. Blowing Agent (Azodicarbonamide)
100
1
2
1
0.5
1
1
1
Table 2. Sample code and ratio of PVC resin: recycled rigid PVC.
Sample code
PVC Resin (wt%)
Recycled Pipes (wt%)
Recycled Bottles (wt%)
RF100
RF+P20
RF+P40
RF+P60
RF+P80
RF+P100
RF+B20
RF+B40
RF+B60
RF+B80
RF+B100
100
80
60
40
20
80
60
40
20
-
20
40
60
80
100
-
20
40
60
80
100
«. ß¢≈“π§√‘π∑√å «∑∑.
ªï∑’Ë 27 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 3 æ.§. - ¡‘.¬. 2548
ª√‘¡“≥æ’«’´’∑’Ë„™â·≈â«·≈–Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘°“√º ¡
»‘√‘π∑√ ∑Õß· ß ·≈–§≥–
579
Table 3. Processing condition of PVC foam extrusion.
Temperature (ºC)
Materials
Screw speed (rpm)
Zone 1
(near hopper)
Zone 2
Zone 3
PVC resin
+
Recycled pipes
40
160
170
175
180
190
200
PVC resin
+
Recycled bottles
30
150
160
170
175
185
195
Ds =
‚¥¬∑’Ë
Df
Dd
§◊Õ Õ—µ√“°“√øÕßøŸ¢Õßæ’«´’ ‚’ ø¡
Df §◊Õ ¢π“¥‡ âπºà“π»Ÿπ¬å°≈“ß¢Õßæ’«´
’ ’
‚ø¡∑’Ë√’¥ÕÕ°¡“
Dd §◊Õ ¢π“¥‡ âπºà“π»Ÿπ¬å°≈“ß¢Õß·¡àæ¡
‘ æå
∑’Ë„™â¢÷Èπ√Ÿª
Ds
1.4 °“√∑¥ Õ∫ ¡∫—µ‘¥â“π§«“¡Àπ“·πàπ
„π°“√∑¥ Õ∫«—¥§à“§«“¡Àπ“·πàπ¢Õßæ’«’´’
‚ø¡π—Èπ∑¥ Õ∫µ“¡¡“µ√∞“π ASTM D1622-93 ´÷Ëß„™â
µ—«Õ¬à“ß™‘Èπß“π®“°°“√∑¥ Õ∫Õ—µ√“°“√æÕßøŸ∑’Ë¡’≈—°…≥–
‡ªìπ√Ÿª√à“ß°≈¡
Zone 4
(near die)
1.7 °“√∑¥ Õ∫ ¡∫— µ‘ ∑ “ß°≈¥â “ π°“√∑π·√ß
°√–·∑°
„π°“√∑¥ Õ∫ ¡∫—µ‘°“√∑π·√ß°√–·∑°π—Èπ
∑¥ Õ∫µ“¡¡“µ√∞“π ASTM D256 ·∫∫ Izod ‚¥¬
∑¥ Õ∫¥â « ¬‡§√◊Ë Õ ß Yasuda (Japan) ·≈–„™â ≈Ÿ ° µÿâ ¡
(Pendulum) ∑’Ë¡’¢π“¥ 4 ®Ÿ≈
1.8 °“√∑¥ Õ∫ ¡∫—µ‘∑“ß°≈¥â“π°“√«—¥§à“§«“¡
·¢Áß
„π°“√∑¥ Õ∫«—¥§à“§«“¡·¢Áß ∑¥ Õ∫µ“¡
¡“µ√∞“π ASTM D2240 ¥â«¬‡§√◊ËÕß∑¥ Õ∫§«“¡·¢Áß
Durometer ‡°≈ shore D Model 475 ¢Õß∫√‘…—∑ PTC
instruments (USA) ®”°—¥
1.9 °“√µ√«® Õ∫‚§√ß √â“ß∑“ß®ÿ≈¿“§¥â«¬°≈âÕß
®ÿ≈∑√√»πåÕ‘‡≈§µ√Õπ·∫∫ àÕß°√“¥ (Scanning Electron
„π°“√∑¥ Õ∫ ¡∫—µ‘°“√∑π·√ß¥÷ß ∑¥ Õ∫ Microscope: SEM)
1.5 °“√∑¥ Õ∫ ¡∫—µ‘∑“ß°≈¥â“π°“√∑π·√ß¥÷ß
µ“¡¡“µ√∞“π ASTM D638 ·∫∫ 1 ‚¥¬∑¥ Õ∫¥â«¬°“√
„™â‡§√◊ËÕß∑¥ Õ∫Õ‡π°ª√– ß§å LLORD LR 50K (UK)
·≈–„™âµ—«®—∫¬÷¥ (grip) ¢π“¥ 50 °‘‚≈π‘«µ—π ´÷Ëß¡’°“√
§«∫§ÿ¡Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘∑’Ë„™â„π°“√∑¥ Õ∫∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ 25ºC §«“¡
‡√Á«„π°“√¥÷ß 50 ¡¡./π“∑’
1.6 °“√∑¥ Õ∫ ¡∫—µ‘∑“ß°≈¥â“π°“√∑π·√ß¥—¥
„π°“√∑¥ Õ∫ ¡∫—µ‘°“√∑π·√ß¥—¥ ∑¥ Õ∫
µ“¡¡“µ√∞“π ASTM D790 ‚¥¬∑¥ Õ∫¥â«¬°“√„™â‡§√◊ÕË ß
∑¥ Õ∫Õ‡π°ª√– ß§å LLORD LR 50K (UK) ·≈–¡’
°“√§«∫§ÿ¡Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘∑’Ë„™â„π°“√∑¥ Õ∫∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ 25ºC
§«“¡‡√Á«„π°“√∑¥ Õ∫ 1.5 ¡¡./π“∑’
”À√—∫°“√µ√«® Õ∫‚§√ß √â“ß∑“ß®ÿ≈¿“§π—π
È
‡ªìπ°“√»÷°…“√Ÿª√à“ß≈—°…≥–¢Õß‚ø¡ √«¡∂÷ß°“√°√–®“¬
¢Õß‚ø¡∑’‡Ë °‘¥¢÷π
È „πæ’«´’ ‚’ ¥¬µ√«® Õ∫¥â«¬°≈âÕß®ÿ≈∑√√»πå
Õ‘‡≈§µ√Õπ·∫∫ àÕß°√“¥¢Õß∫√‘…—∑ JEOL ®”°—¥ √ÿàπ
JSM-5800 Scanning Microscope (Japan) ¥â«¬°√–· ‰øøÑ“ 20 °‘‚≈‚«≈µå
2. æ’«’´’‚ø¡ÕàÕπ
2.1 «— ¥ÿ∑’Ë„™â
1)
Covering: PC)
«— ¥ÿæ«’ ´’ ∑’ „Ë’ ™â·≈â«§◊Õ ª°æ≈“ µ‘° (Plastic
Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol.
Vol.27 No.3 May - Jun. 2005
Recycled PVC content and processing temperature
Thongsang, S., et al.
580
Table 4. Composition of vigin PVC compounds
for soft PVC foam.
Composition
Content (phr)
1. PVC Emulsion
2. DOP
3. Epoxidized Soyabean Oil
4. Stabilizer
5. Chemical Blowing Agent
100
30
7
2.5
2
«— ¥ÿ “√ª√–°Õ∫æ’«´’ ∫’ √‘ ∑ÿ ∏‘‡Ï °√¥‚ø¡ÕàÕπ
(Soft Foam: SF) ´÷ßË “√‡µ‘¡·µàß∑’„Ë ™â‡ªìπ‡°√¥°“√§â“∑—«Ë ‰ª
‚¥¬¡’ª√‘¡“≥ à«πª√–°Õ∫¥—ß√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥„π Table 4
2)
2.2 °“√º ¡·≈–¢÷Èπ√Ÿª™‘Èπß“π∑¥ Õ∫
°“√‡µ√’¬¡‡»…«— ¥ÿæ’«’´’®“°ª°æ≈“ µ‘°∑”‰¥â
‚¥¬°“√µ—¥‡ªìπ™‘Èπ‡≈Á°Ê ·≈–‡µ‘¡≈ß„π “√ª√–°Õ∫æ’«’´’
∫√‘ ÿ∑∏‘Ï‡°√¥‚ø¡ÕàÕπ„πÕ—µ√“ à«πµà“ßÊ ¥—ß· ¥ß„π Table
5 ·≈â«π”‰ªº ¡·Àâß¥â«¬‡§√◊ËÕßº ¡§«“¡‡√Á«√Õ∫ Ÿß ‡«≈“
„π°“√º ¡ 2 π“∑’ ®“°π—Èππ”‰ªº ¡∫π‡§√◊ËÕß∫¥ Õß
≈Ÿ°°≈‘Èß (two-roll mill) ∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ 150ºC ·≈â«®÷ß¢÷Èπ√Ÿª
·ºàπ¥â«¬‡§√◊ËÕßÕ—¥¢÷Èπ√Ÿª√âÕπ (hot press) ‚¥¬„™â‡«≈“„π
°“√Õ—¥¢÷Èπ√Ÿª 3 π“∑’ ¥â«¬Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘µà“ßÊ §◊Õ 170, 180
·≈– 190ºC ®“°π—Èππ”·ºàπ‚ø¡ÕàÕπ∑’Ë‰¥â‰ªµ—¥™‘Èπß“π
∑¥ Õ∫¥â«¬·¡àæ¡‘ æåµ¥— ∑’¡Ë √’ ªŸ √à“ßµ“¡¡“µ√∞“π°“√∑¥ Õ∫
µà“ßÊ
Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘∑’Ë„™â„π°“√∑¥ Õ∫∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ 25ºC §«“¡‡√Á«„π
°“√¥÷ß 50 ¡¡./π“∑’
2.4 °“√∑¥ Õ∫ ¡∫—µ‘∑“ß°≈¥â“π°“√«—¥§à“§«“¡
·¢Áß
„π°“√∑¥ Õ∫«—¥§à“§«“¡·¢Áß ∑¥ Õ∫µ“¡
¡“µ√∞“π ASTM D2240 ¥â«¬‡§√◊ËÕß∑¥ Õ∫§«“¡·¢Áß
Durometer ‡°≈ shore A Model 408 ¢Õß∫√‘…—∑ PTC
instruments ®”°—¥ (USA)
2.5 °“√µ√«® Õ∫‚§√ß √â“ß∑“ß®ÿ≈¿“§¥â«¬°≈âÕß
®ÿ≈∑√√»πå
„π°“√∑¥ Õ∫ ¡∫—µ‘∑“ß°“¬¿“æπ—Èπ ∑¥ Õ∫
‚¥¬°“√π”æ’«´’ ‚’ ø¡∑’‰Ë ¥â®“°°“√‡µ√’¬¡‡ªìπ·ºàπ‰ªµ√«® Õ∫
‚§√ß √â“ß∑“ß®ÿ≈¿“§¥â«¬‡§√◊ËÕß ZEISS Optical Microscope (Germany) ‡æ◊ËÕ»÷°…“√Ÿª√à“ß·≈–¢π“¥≈—°…≥–
¢Õß‚ø¡
2.3 °“√∑¥ Õ∫ ¡∫—µ‘∑“ß°≈¥â“π°“√∑π·√ß¥÷ß
„π°“√∑¥ Õ∫ ¡∫—µ‘°“√∑π·√ß¥÷ß ∑¥ Õ∫
µ“¡¡“µ√∞“π ASTM D638 ·∫∫ 4 ‚¥¬∑¥ Õ∫¥â«¬°“√
„™â‡§√◊ËÕß∑¥ Õ∫Õ‡π°ª√– ß§å LLORD LR 50K (UK)
·≈–„™âµ«— ®—∫¬÷¥ (grip) ¢π“¥ 5 °‘‚≈π‘«µ—π ´÷ßË ¡’°“√§«∫§ÿ¡
º≈°“√∑¥≈Õß·≈–°“√«‘‡§√“–Àåº≈
1. º≈°“√∑¥ Õ∫ ¡∫—µ‘æ’«’´’∑’Ë¡’°“√‡µ‘¡∑àÕ√âÕ¬ “¬‰ø
º≈°“√∑¥ Õ∫°“√¢÷Èπ√Ÿªæ’«’´’‚ø¡®“°‡§√◊ËÕßÕ—¥√’¥
Table 5. Sample code and ratio of PVC resin: recycled soft PVC.
Sample code
PVC Resin (wt%)
Recycled Plastic Coverings (wt%)
SF100
SF+PC20
SF+PC40
SF+PC60
SF+PC80
SF+PC100
100
80
60
40
20
-
20
40
60
80
100
«. ß¢≈“π§√‘π∑√å «∑∑.
ªï∑’Ë 27 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 3 æ.§. - ¡‘.¬. 2548
581
ª√‘¡“≥æ’«’´’∑’Ë„™â·≈â«·≈–Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘°“√º ¡
»‘√‘π∑√ ∑Õß· ß ·≈–§≥–
Figure 1. Blowing ratio vs level of recycled pipes of PVC foam at various processing
temperatures.
‡°≈’¬«ÀπÕπ§Ÿà ‚¥¬∑—Ë«‰ª°“√‡°‘¥æ’«’´’‚ø¡∑’Ë ¡∫Ÿ√≥å‰¥âπ—Èπ
æ’«’´’µâÕß¡’°“√À≈Õ¡µ—«∑’Ë ¡∫Ÿ√≥å¥â«¬ ´÷Ëßªí®®—¬∑’Ë¡’§«“¡
”§—≠§◊Õ Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘°“√º ¡ ·√ß‡©◊Õπ ·≈–‡«≈“„π°“√
∂à“¬‡∑§«“¡√âÕπ„Àâ°√–®“¬∑—Ë«∂÷ß ®“°°“√Õ—¥√’¥æ’«’´’
À≈Õ¡‡À≈«ºà“π·¡àæ‘¡æå∑’Ë¡’√Ÿª√à“ß°≈¡ æ∫«à“ ’¢Õßæ’«’´’
‚ø¡‡ª≈’Ë¬π‰ª®“° ’¢“«‡ªìπ ’‡À≈◊Õß¡“°¢÷Èπµ“¡ª√‘¡“≥
∑àÕ√âÕ¬ “¬‰ø∑’Ë‡µ‘¡≈ß‰ª ´÷Ëß Ÿµ√∑’Ë¡’°“√‡µ‘¡∑àÕ√âÕ¬ “¬‰ø
0-60% ‚¥¬πÈ”Àπ—° “¡“√∂‡°‘¥°“√À≈Õ¡µ—«¢Õßæ’«’´’∑’Ë
¡∫Ÿ √ ≥å · ≈– “¡“√∂¢÷È π √Ÿ ª ™‘È π ß“π‚ø¡„Àâ ≈— ° …≥–º‘ « ∑’Ë
¬Õ¡√—∫‰¥â ‚¥¬ “¡“√∂¢÷Èπ√Ÿª‰¥â„π™à«ßÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘°“√º ¡
180-200ºC ∑’Ë»÷°…“π’È à«π Ÿµ√∑’Ë¡’°“√‡µ‘¡∑àÕ√âÕ¬ “¬‰ø
80 ·≈– 100% ‚¥¬πÈ”Àπ—° ‰¡à “¡“√∂¢÷Èπ√Ÿª„π ¿“«–
°“√º≈‘µ∑’Ë„™â»÷°…“π’È‰¥â ‡π◊ËÕß®“°°“√‡µ‘¡‡»…∑àÕ√âÕ¬
“¬‰ø≈ß‰ª¡“°¢÷Èπ¬àÕ¡∑”„Àâ¢Õßº ¡π—ÈπÕ“»—¬ªí®®—¬Õ◊Ëπ
πÕ°®“°Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘°“√º ¡∑’Ë™à«¬„π°“√À≈Õ¡µ—«¢Õßæ’«’´’
„Àâ ¡∫Ÿ√≥å¡“°¢÷Èπ ‡™àπ ·√ß‡©◊Õπ ·≈–‡«≈“¢Õß°“√∂à“¬‡∑
§«“¡√âÕπ√–À«à“ßÕπÿ¿“§¢Õßæ’«´’ ’ ¥—ß∑’°Ë ≈à“«¢â“ßµâπ ‡æ√“–
∑àÕ√âÕ¬ “¬‰øπ—π
È ‰¥âº“à π°√–∫«π°“√¢÷π
È √Ÿª¡“§√—ßÈ Àπ÷ßË ·≈â«
´÷Ëß¡’§«“¡·¢Áß·≈–°“√Õ—¥·πàπ¢Õß‡π◊ÈÕæ’«’´’ Ÿß∑’Ë‡ªìπº≈
¡“®“°·√ß‡©◊Õπ„π°√–∫«π°“√¢÷Èπ√Ÿª∑àÕπ—Èπ ¥—ß· ¥ß„π
√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥„πß“π«‘®¬— ¢Õß Sombatsompop ·≈– Thong-
·≈– »‘√π
‘ ∑√ ·≈–§≥– (2544)
®“°°√“ø· ¥ß§«“¡ — ¡ æ— π ∏å √ –À«à “ ßÕ— µ √“°“√
æÕßøŸ¢Õßæ’«’´’‚ø¡°—∫ª√‘¡“≥∑àÕ√âÕ¬ “¬‰ø∑’Ë„™â·≈â«¥—ß
Figure 1 æ∫«à“‡¡◊ËÕ‡µ‘¡ª√‘¡“≥∑àÕ√âÕ¬ “¬‰ø≈ß„πæ’«’´’
‚ø¡∫√‘ ÿ∑∏‘Ï¡“°¢÷Èπ àßº≈µàÕÕ—µ√“°“√æÕßøŸ∑’Ë≈¥≈ß‡ªìπ
≈”¥—∫ ‡π◊ËÕß®“°¢Õßº ¡¡’§«“¡Àπ◊¥ Ÿß¢÷Èπ ®“°ß“π«‘®—¬
¢Õß Sombatsompop ·≈– Thongsang (2001) ·≈–
»‘√‘π∑√ ·≈–§≥– (2544) ‰¥â°≈à“«∂÷ß«à“∑àÕ√âÕ¬ “¬‰ø∑’Ë
ºà“π°“√¢÷Èπ√Ÿª¡“·≈â«‡°‘¥°“√À≈Õ¡µ—«¢Õßæ’«’´’¡“°¢÷Èπ
‡¡◊Ë Õ π”¡“º ¡°— ∫ æ’ «’ ´’ ∫ √‘ ÿ ∑ ∏‘Ï à ß º≈„Àâ § «“¡Àπ◊ ¥ Ÿ ß ¢÷È π
πÕ°®“°π’È “√µ—«‡µ‘¡°Á‡ªìπ à«πÀπ÷Ëß∑’Ë∑”„Àâ§«“¡Àπ◊¥ Ÿß
¢÷Èπ¥â«¬ (≥√ß§åƒ∑∏‘,Ï 2546) Õ“∑‘ ·§≈‡´’¬¡§“√å∫Õ‡πµ∑’Ë¡’
Õ¬Ÿà„πæ’«’´’‡°√¥∑àÕ (Titow, 1990) °“√∑’Ëæ’«’´’¡’§«“¡Àπ◊¥
Ÿßπ’È∑”„Àâ°“√‡°‘¥µ”·Àπàßπ‘«‡§≈’¬ ¢Õß‡´≈≈å‚ø¡¢π“¥
‡≈Á°Ê ·∑√°Õ¬Ÿà„π‡π◊ÈÕæ’«’´’¬“°¢÷Èπ¥â«¬ ¥—ß Figure 2 · ¥ß
‚§√ß √â“ß®ÿ≈¿“§¢Õßæ’«’´’‚ø¡∑’Ë¡’°“√‡µ‘¡∑àÕ√âÕ¬ “¬‰ø
‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ ®“° 0 20 40 60 %‚¥¬πÈ”Àπ—° „π√Ÿª (a) (b) (c)
·≈– (d) µ“¡≈”¥—∫ æ∫«à“‡¡◊ÕË ¬—ß‰¡à¡°’ “√‡µ‘¡∑àÕ√âÕ¬ “¬‰ø
®–∑”„Àâ‡°‘¥‡´≈≈å‚ø¡¢π“¥‡≈Á°Ê ∑’Ë·∑√°Õ¬Ÿà„π‡π◊ÈÕæ’«’´’
¡“° ‚¥¬°√–®“¬Õ¬Ÿà∑—Ë«æ’«’´’‚ø¡ ·≈–√Ÿª√à“ß¢Õß‡´≈≈å‚ø¡
§àÕπ¢â“ß°≈¡ ·µà‡¡◊ËÕ‡æ‘Ë¡ª√‘¡“≥∑àÕ√âÕ¬ “¬‰ø≈ß‰ª
sang (2001)
Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol.
Vol.27 No.3 May - Jun. 2005
Recycled PVC content and processing temperature
Thongsang, S., et al.
582
Figure 2. SEM micrographs of PVC foam (50x): (a) RF100 (b) RF+P20 (c) RF+P40 (d)
RF+P60 at processing temperature of 190ºC.
ª√‘¡“≥‡´≈≈å‚ø¡‡√‘Ë¡πâÕ¬≈ß Õ’°∑—Èß‡´≈≈å‚ø¡¬—ß¡’√Ÿª√à“ß‰¡à
·πàπÕπ¥â«¬ ‡π◊ÕË ß®“°°“√‡µ‘¡∑àÕ√âÕ¬ “¬‰ø∑”„Àâ‡π◊ÕÈ æ’«´’ ’
‚ø¡‡°‘¥°“√Õ—¥µ—«·πàπ®π∑”„Àâ‡´≈≈å‚ø¡¢¬“¬µ—«„π∑‘»∑“ß
µà“ßÊ ¬“°¢÷Èπ·≈–‰¡à‡∑à“°—π Õ’°∑—Èß¬—ß àßº≈µàÕ§à“§«“¡
Àπ“·πàπ∑’Ë‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ¥â«¬¥—ß Figure 3
à«πº≈°√–∑∫¢ÕßÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘°“√º ¡™à«ß 180200ºC æ∫«à“Õ—µ√“°“√æÕßøŸ‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷ÈπÕ¬à“ß‡ÀÁπ‰¥â™—¥®“°
Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘°“√º ¡ 180ºC ‡ªìπ 190ºC ‡π◊ËÕß®“°Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘
°“√º ¡‡ªìπ à«πÀπ÷Ëß∑’Ë™à«¬„Àâ‡°‘¥°“√À≈Õ¡µ—«∑’Ë ¡∫Ÿ√≥å
¡“°¢÷Èπ æ√âÕ¡∑’Ë®–‡°‘¥‡´≈≈å‚ø¡„π‡π◊ÈÕæ’«’´’‰¥â à«π„π
™à«ßÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘°“√º ¡ 190ºC ·≈– 200ºC æ∫«à“‡¡◊ËÕ‰¡à¡’
°“√‡µ‘¡∑àÕ√âÕ¬ “¬‰øÕ—µ√“°“√æÕßøŸ∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘°“√º ¡
200ºC ¡“°°«à“ 190ºC ·µà‡¡◊ËÕ‡µ‘¡∑àÕ√âÕ¬ “¬‰ø∑”„Àâ‰ª
√∫°«π°“√‡°‘¥‡´≈≈å‚ø¡„π‡π◊ÈÕæ’«’´’ ´÷Ëß∑”„ÀâÕ—µ√“°“√
æÕßøŸ¢ÕßÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘°“√º ¡ 190ºC ·≈– 200ºC ¡’§à“‡¢â“
„°≈â°—π¡“°¢÷Èπ ‡π◊ËÕß®“°º≈°√–∑∫¢Õß∑àÕ√âÕ¬ “¬‰ø¡’
Õ‘∑∏‘æ≈¡“°°«à“Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘°“√º ¡¢Õß°“√‡°‘¥‡´≈≈å‚ø¡„π
‡π◊ÈÕæ’«’´’ ®“°º≈Õ—µ√“°“√æÕßøŸ®÷ß∑”„Àâ§à“§«“¡Àπ“·πàπ
¢Õßæ’«’´’‚ø¡∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘°“√º ¡ 180ºC ¡’§à“ Ÿß°«à“
190ºC ·≈– 200ºC ·≈–™à«ßÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘°“√º ¡ 190ºC ·≈–
200ºC · ¥ßº≈ Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫º≈¢Õß§à“Õ—µ√“°“√æÕßøŸ
¢â“ßµâπ¥â«¬ °≈à“«§◊Õ ™à«ß∑’Ë‰¡à¡’°“√‡µ‘¡∑àÕ√âÕ¬ “¬‰ø§à“
§«“¡Àπ“·πàπ¢Õßæ’«’´’‚ø¡∑’Ë¢÷Èπ√Ÿª¥â«¬Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘°“√º ¡
200ºC ¡’§à“πâÕ¬°«à“Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘°“√º ¡ 190ºC ·µà‡¡◊ËÕ‡µ‘¡
∑àÕ√âÕ¬ “¬‰ø§«“¡Àπ“·πàπ¢Õßæ’«’´’‚ø¡∑’Ë¢÷Èπ√Ÿª¥â«¬
Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘°“√º ¡∑—Èß 190ºC ·≈– 200ºC ¡’§à“„°≈â‡§’¬ß°—π
¡“°¢÷Èπ
”À√—∫ ¡∫—µ‘∑“ß°≈¢Õßæ’«’´’‚ø¡ ª√‘¡“≥°“√‡µ‘¡
∑àÕ√âÕ¬ “¬‰ø‰¡à àßº≈µàÕ§à“§«“¡∑π·√ß¥÷ß Ÿß ÿ¥ (‰¡à
· ¥ß„π√Ÿª¢Õß°√“ø ´÷Ëß¡’§à“Õ¬Ÿà√–À«à“ß 10-20 MPa)
·µà àßº≈µàÕ§à“§«“¡∑π·√ß°√–·∑° ∑π·√ß¥—¥ ·≈–§«“¡
·¢Áß∑’Ë¡’·π«‚πâ¡‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ ¥—ß Figure 4, Figure 5 ·≈–
Figure 6 µ“¡≈”¥—∫ ´÷Ëß‡ªìπº≈∑’Ë Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫§à“§«“¡
Àπ“·πàπ¢â“ßµâπ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–§«“¡∑π·√ß°√–·∑°∑’Ë‡æ‘Ë¡
«. ß¢≈“π§√‘π∑√å «∑∑.
ªï∑’Ë 27 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 3 æ.§. - ¡‘.¬. 2548
583
ª√‘¡“≥æ’«’´’∑’Ë„™â·≈â«·≈–Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘°“√º ¡
»‘√‘π∑√ ∑Õß· ß ·≈–§≥–
Figure 3. Density vs level of recycled pipes of
PVC foam at various processing temperatures.
Figure 4. Impact strength vs level of recycled
pipes of PVC foam at various processing temperatures.
Figure 5. Flexural strength vs level of recycled
pipes of PVC foam at various processing temperatures.
Figure 6. Hardness vs level of recycled pipes of
PVC foam at various processing temperatures.
Ÿß¢÷π
È π’‡È °‘¥®“°°“√Õ—¥·πàπ·≈–§«“¡µàÕ‡π◊ÕË ß¢Õß‡π◊ÕÈ æ’«´’ ’
¡“°¢÷Èπ¥—ß¿“æ‚§√ß √â“ß®ÿ≈¿“§ Figure 2 ¢â“ßµâπ ∑”„Àâ
·√ß∑’Ë°√–∑”°—∫«— ¥ÿ “¡“√∂ àß∂à“¬æ≈—ßß“π∫π‡π◊ÈÕæ’«’´’‰¥â
Õ¬à“ßµàÕ‡π◊ÕË ßÀ√◊Õ∑’‡Ë √’¬°«à“¡’°“√¥Ÿ¥´—∫æ≈—ßß“π‰«â‰¥â¡“°¢÷πÈ
à«πº≈°√–∑∫¢ÕßÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘°“√º ¡∑’Ë¡’µàÕ ¡∫—µ‘∑“ß°≈„Àâ
º≈ Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫§à“§«“¡Àπ“·πàπ¢Õßæ’«’´’‚ø¡ °≈à“«§◊Õ
Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol.
Vol.27 No.3 May - Jun. 2005
Recycled PVC content and processing temperature
Thongsang, S., et al.
584
º≈°“√∑¥ Õ∫°“√¢÷Èπ√Ÿªæ’«’´’‚ø¡∑’Ë¡’°“√‡µ‘¡¢«¥
·™¡æŸ æ∫«à“‡¡◊ËÕ‡µ‘¡¢«¥·™¡æŸ‡æ‘Ë¡¡“°¢÷Èπ ’¢Õßæ’«’´’
‚ø¡‡√‘¡Ë §≈È”¡“°¢÷π
È ·≈–„π∫“ßÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡°‘ “√º ¡∑’∑Ë ”„Àâ‡°‘¥
°“√‰À¡â¢Õßæ’«’´’¥â«¬ ¥—ßπ—Èπ™à«ß¢Õß°“√‡µ‘¡¢«¥·™¡æŸ∑’Ë
“¡“√∂¢÷Èπ√Ÿªæ’«’´’‚ø¡‰¥â·≈–„Àâ≈—°…≥–º‘«∑’Ë¬Õ¡√—∫‰¥â§◊Õ
0-60%‚¥¬πÈ”Àπ—° Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘°“√º ¡‰¡à àßº≈°√–∑∫µàÕ
§à“Õ—µ√“°“√æÕßøŸ¡“°π—° ¥—ß Figure 7 ¬°‡«âπÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘∑’Ë
175ºC ‡π◊ËÕß®“°º≈¢ÕßÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘¬—ß àßº≈µàÕ°“√À≈Õ¡µ—«
¢Õßæ’«’´’∑’Ë‰¡à ¡∫Ÿ√≥å ·µà‡¡◊ËÕ‡µ‘¡¢«¥·™¡æŸ„πª√‘¡“≥
¡“°¢÷π
È °≈—∫∑”„ÀâÕµ— √“°“√æÕßøŸ‡æ‘¡Ë Ÿß¢÷π
È · ¥ß„Àâ‡ÀÁπ«à“
à«πª√–°Õ∫∑“ß‡§¡’∑’Ë¡’Õ¬Ÿà„π¢«¥·™¡æŸ àßº≈µàÕ°“√‡°‘¥
‚ø¡¥â«¬ ‚¥¬‡©æ“– “√™à«¬„π°√–∫«π°“√º≈‘µ∑’Ë¡’Õ¬Ÿà„π
¢«¥·™¡æŸª√–¡“≥ 1-2 phr (Deniel and Kurt, 1991)
π—Èπ ™à«¬∑”Àπâ“∑’Ë„π°“√∑”„Àâ‡°‘¥°“√À≈Õ¡µ—«¢Õßæ’«’´’‰¥â
¥’¢÷Èπ
”À√— ∫ ¡∫— µ‘ ∑ “ß°“¬¿“æ¢Õßæ’ «’ ´’ ‚ ø¡ æ∫«à “
ª√‘¡“≥°“√‡µ‘¡¢«¥·™¡æŸ¡“°¢÷π
È ®–‰¡à ßà º≈µàÕ°“√‡ª≈’¬Ë π
·ª≈ß§«“¡Àπ“·πàπ ¥—ß Figure 8 ‡π◊ËÕß®“° à«πª√–°Õ∫
æ’«’´’∫√‘ ÿ∑∏‘Ï‡°√¥‚ø¡·¢Áß‡°√Áß·≈–¢«¥·™¡æŸ∑’Ëπ”°≈—∫¡“
„™â„À¡àπ—Èπ¡’§«“¡§≈â“¬°—π (Titow, 1990) ‡ ¡◊Õπ‡ªìπ
æ’«’´’‡°√¥‡¥’¬«°—π ·µà°≈—∫ àßº≈µàÕ√Ÿª√à“ß‡´≈≈å‚ø¡∑’Ëµà“ß
°—π§◊Õ „π™à«ß∑’Ë‰¡à¡’°“√‡µ‘¡¢«¥·™¡æŸ√Ÿª√à“ß‡´≈≈å‚ø¡
§àÕπ¢â“ß°≈¡·µà‡¡◊ÕË ‡µ‘¡¢«¥·™¡æŸ¡“°¢÷π
È √Ÿª√à“ß‡´≈≈å‚ø¡
°≈—∫¡’√Ÿª√à“ß∑’Ë‰¡à·πàπÕπ ¥—ß Figure 9 · ¥ß‚§√ß √â“ß
®ÿ≈¿“§¢Õßæ’«’´’‚ø¡∑’Ë¡’°“√‡µ‘¡¢«¥·™¡æŸ‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ ®“°
0 20 40 60 %‚¥¬πÈ”Àπ—° „π√Ÿª (a) (b) (c) ·≈– (d) µ“¡
≈”¥—∫
®“°º≈¢Õß§à“§«“¡Àπ“·πàπ¢â“ßµâπ®÷ß‰¡à∑”„Àâ àß
º≈µàÕ ¡∫—µ‘∑“ß°≈¥â“π§«“¡∑π·√ß¥÷ß Ÿß ÿ¥ ·≈–§«“¡
Figure 7. Blowing ratio vs level of recycled bottles
of PVC foam at various processing
temperatures
Figure 8. Density vs level of recycled bottles of
PVC foam at various processing temperatures
æ’«’´’‚ø¡∑’Ë¢÷Èπ√Ÿª¥â«¬Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘°“√º ¡ 180ºC ·≈– 190ºC
„Àâ§à“§«“¡∑π·√ß°√–·∑° ∑π·√ß¥—¥ ·≈–§«“¡·¢Áß
„°≈â‡§’¬ß°—π ∂÷ß·¡â«à“§à“§«“¡Àπ“·πàπ¢Õßæ’«’´’‚ø¡∑’Ë¢÷Èπ
√Ÿª¥â«¬Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘°“√º ¡ 190ºC ¡’§à“πâÕ¬°«à“Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘°“√
º ¡ 180ºC °Áµ“¡ π—ËπÕ“®‡ªìπ‡æ√“–∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘°“√º ¡
190ºC àßº≈„Àâ¡’°“√‡°‘¥‡´≈≈å‚ø¡¢π“¥‡≈Á°Ê ª√‘¡“≥
¡“°°√–®“¬„π‡π◊ÕÈ æ’«´’ ‰’ ¥â¥’ ®÷ß∑”„Àâ ¡∫—µ∑‘ “ß°≈„°≈â‡§’¬ß
°—∫æ’«’´’‚ø¡∑’Ë¢÷Èπ√Ÿª¥â«¬Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ 180ºC ·µà‡¡◊ËÕ¢÷Èπ√Ÿª
æ’«’´’‚ø¡∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘°“√º ¡ 200ºC Õ“®‡ªìπº≈„Àâ‡´≈≈å
‚ø¡‡≈Á°Ê ∑’Ë¡’Õ¬Ÿà¡“°‡°‘π‰ª‡°‘¥°“√√«¡µ—«°—πÕ’°§√—Èß ®π
àßº≈„Àâ ¡∫—µ‘∑“ß°≈≈¥≈ßÕ¬à“ß‡ÀÁπ‰¥â™—¥
2. º≈°“√∑¥ Õ∫ ¡∫—µ‘æ’«’´’∑’Ë¡’°“√‡µ‘¡¢«¥·™¡æŸ
«. ß¢≈“π§√‘π∑√å «∑∑.
ªï∑’Ë 27 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 3 æ.§. - ¡‘.¬. 2548
585
ª√‘¡“≥æ’«’´’∑’Ë„™â·≈â«·≈–Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘°“√º ¡
»‘√‘π∑√ ∑Õß· ß ·≈–§≥–
Figure 9. SEM micrographs of PVC foam (150x): (a) RF100 (b) RF+B20 (c) RF+B40 (d)
RF+B60 at processing temperature of 185ºC.
∑π·√ß¥—¥‡ª≈’Ë¬π·ª≈ß‰ª (‰¡à· ¥ß„π√Ÿª°√“ø ´÷Ëß¡’§à“
§«“¡∑π·√ß¥÷ß Ÿß ÿ¥Õ¬Ÿà√–À«à“ß 7-15 MPa à«π§à“§«“¡
∑π·√ß¥—¥Õ¬Ÿà√–À«à“ß 30-45 MPa) à«π§à“§«“¡∑π·√ß
°√–·∑°·≈–§à“§«“¡·¢Áß‡ª≈’Ë¬π‰ª‡æ’¬ß‡≈Á°πâÕ¬ °≈à“«§◊Õ
§à“∑π·√ß°√–·∑°¡’·π«‚πâ¡‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ à«π§à“§«“¡·¢Áß
°≈—∫≈¥≈ß ¥—ß Figure 10 ·≈– Figure 11 µ“¡≈”¥—∫
‡π◊ÕË ß®“°„π¢«¥·™¡æŸ¡ ’ “√ª√–°Õ∫ª√–‡¿∑ “√‡æ‘¡Ë §«“¡
∑π·√ß°√–·∑°·≈– “√™à«¬„π°√–∫«π°“√º≈‘µ (Titow,
1990) ‚¥¬∑’Ë¬—ß‰¡à Ÿ≠‡ ’¬‰ª‡æ√“– à«π¡“°°“√„™âß“π¢«¥
·™¡æŸ®–‰¡à∂Ÿ°· ß·¥¥∑’Ë∑”„Àâ‡°‘¥°“√‡ ◊ËÕ¡ ≈“¬‰ª ·≈–
®“°Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘°“√º ¡„π™à«ß 175-195ºC ∑’Ë‰¡à àßº≈µàÕ
§à“§«“¡Àπ“·πàπ ®÷ß‰¡à∑”„Àâ ¡∫—µ‘∑“ß°≈‡ª≈’Ë¬π·ª≈ß‰ª
¥â«¬
Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol.
Vol.27 No.3 May - Jun. 2005
Recycled PVC content and processing temperature
Thongsang, S., et al.
586
Figure 10. Impact strength vs level of recycled
bottles of PVC foam at various processing temperatures.
Figure 11. Hardness vs level of recycled bottles
of PVC foam at various processing
temperatures.
Figure 12. Average cell size diameter vs level of
recycled coverings of PVC foam at
various processing temperatures.
«. ß¢≈“π§√‘π∑√å «∑∑.
ªï∑’Ë 27 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 3 æ.§. - ¡‘.¬. 2548
587
ª√‘¡“≥æ’«’´’∑’Ë„™â·≈â«·≈–Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘°“√º ¡
»‘√‘π∑√ ∑Õß· ß ·≈–§≥–
Figure 13. SEM micrographs of PVC foam (50x): (a) SF100 (b) SF+PC20 (c) SF+PC40 (d)
SF+PC60 (e) SF+PC80 (f) SF+PC100 at processing temperature of 170ºC.
3. º≈°“√∑¥ Õ∫ ¡∫—µ‘æ’«’´’∑’Ë¡’°“√‡µ‘¡ª°æ≈“ µ‘°
º≈°“√∑¥ Õ∫°“√¢÷Èπ√Ÿªæ’«’´’‚ø¡∑’Ë¡’°“√‡µ‘¡ª°
æ≈“ µ‘° æ∫«à“‡¡◊ËÕ‡µ‘¡ª°æ≈“ µ‘°¡“°¢÷Èπ ’¢Õßæ’«’´’‚ø¡
ÕàÕπ‰¡à‡ª≈’Ë¬π‰ª ‡π◊ËÕß®“°ª°æ≈“ µ‘°∑’Ë„™â‡ªìπ™π‘¥„ ”À√—∫º≈°“√∑¥ Õ∫ ¡∫—µ‘∑“ß°“¬¿“æ æ∫«à“ª√‘¡“≥
°“√‡µ‘¡ª°æ≈“ µ‘° àßº≈µàÕ·π«‚πâ¡¢Õß¢π“¥ºà“π»Ÿπ¬å
°≈“ß¢Õß‡´≈≈å‚ø¡‡©≈’Ë¬∑’Ë¡’¢π“¥„À≠à¢÷Èπ¥—ß Figure 12
‡π◊ËÕß®“°°“√‡µ‘¡ª°æ≈“ µ‘°¡“°¢÷Èπ ‡ ¡◊Õπ¡’°“√‡æ‘Ë¡
ª√‘¡“≥ “√‡æ‘Ë¡§«“¡¬◊¥À¬ÿàπ (plasticizer) ¡“°¢÷Èπ ∑”„Àâ
§«“¡Àπ◊¥¢Õßæ’«’´’≈¥πâÕ¬≈ß (Benning, 1969) ·≈–‡°‘¥
°“√À≈Õ¡µ—«¢Õßæ’«’´’∑’Ë ¡∫Ÿ√≥å ´÷Ëß àßº≈µàÕ°“√‡°‘¥‚ø¡
∑’Ëßà“¬¢÷Èπ·≈–¢¬“¬µ—«‰¥â¥’¥â«¬ ¥—ß Figure 13 · ¥ß
‚§√ß √â“ß®ÿ≈¿“§¢Õßæ’«’´’‚ø¡∑’Ë¡’°“√‡µ‘¡ª°æ≈“ µ‘°‡æ‘Ë¡
¢÷Èπ ®“° 0 20 40 60 80 100 %‚¥¬πÈ”Àπ—° „π√Ÿª (a) (b)
Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol.
Vol.27 No.3 May - Jun. 2005
Recycled PVC content and processing temperature
Thongsang, S., et al.
588
·≈– (f) µ“¡≈”¥—∫ Õ’°∑—Èß„π™à«ß∑’Ë¡’°“√‡°‘¥
‚ø¡∑’Ë‡ ∂’¬√ ≥ ¿“«– ¡¥ÿ≈ À“°‚æ≈‘‡¡Õ√å¡’§«“¡Àπ◊¥µË”
∑”„Àâ¡’°“√¢¬“¬µ—«¢Õß‡´≈≈å‚ø¡‰¥â¡“°¢÷Èπ (Edenbaum,
(c) (d) (e)
1992)
√ÿªº≈°“√∑¥≈Õß
1. °“√π”∑àÕ√âÕ¬ “¬‰ø°≈—∫¡“À¡ÿπ‡«’¬π„™â„À¡à æ∫«à“
Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘°“√º ¡∑’Ë‡À¡“– ¡ §◊Õ 190ºC ≥
§«“¡‡√Á«√Õ∫ °√Ÿ 40 √Õ∫/π“∑’ ´÷Ëß∑”„Àâ‡°‘¥°“√¢¬“¬µ—«
¢Õß‚ø¡‰¥â¥’ ·≈–∑”„Àâ§à“§«“¡Àπ“·πàπ≈¥≈ß Õ’°∑—Èß¬—ß
„Àâ§à“∑π·√ß°√–·∑° ∑π·√ß¥—¥ ·≈–§«“¡·¢Áß Ÿß¥â«¬
2) “¡“√∂¢÷È π √Ÿ ª æ’ «’ ´’ ‚ ø¡∑’Ë ¡’ ∑à Õ √â Õ ¬ “¬‰ø‰¥â
Ÿß ÿ¥ 60%‚¥¬πÈ”Àπ—° ·≈–∑”„Àâ§à“∑π·√ß°√–·∑° ∑π
·√ß¥—¥ ·≈–§«“¡·¢Áß∑’Ë Ÿß ÿ¥¥â«¬
1)
º≈°“√∑¥ Õ∫ ¡∫—µ‘∑“ß°≈ æ∫«à“·π«‚πâ¡§à“
§«“¡∑π·√ß¥÷ß Ÿß ÿ¥ ·≈–§«“¡·¢Áß≈¥≈ß‡¡◊ËÕ¡’ª√‘¡“≥ª°
æ≈“ µ‘°¡“°¢÷Èπ ¥—ß Figure 14 ·≈– Figure 15 ´÷Ëß°“√∑’Ë
∑”„Àâ§à“§«“¡∑π·√ß¥÷ß Ÿß ÿ¥·≈–§«“¡·¢Áß≈¥≈ßπ—Èπ¡’ 2
°√≥’§◊Õ ª√‘¡“≥ “√‡æ‘Ë¡§«“¡¬◊¥À¬ÿàπ∑’Ë‡ªìπ à«πª√–°Õ∫
„πª°æ≈“ µ‘° (Titow, 1990) ∑”„Àâæ’«’´’¡’§«“¡ÕàÕπµ—«
¡“°¢÷Èπ Õ’°∑—Èß°“√‡æ‘Ë¡ª√‘¡“≥ “√‡æ‘Ë¡§«“¡¬◊¥À¬ÿàπ∑”„Àâ
‡°‘¥‡´≈≈å‚ø¡‰¥âßà“¬·≈–‡°‘¥¢π“¥‡´≈≈å‚ø¡„À≠à¢÷Èπ¥—ßº≈
°“√∑’Ëºà“π¡“¢â“ßµâπ¥â«¬ ”À√—∫Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘¢÷Èπ√Ÿª‰¡à àßº≈
°√–∑∫µàÕ ¡∫—µ‘∑“ß°≈¡“°π—° ¬°‡«âπ„π°“√¢÷Èπ√Ÿª ≥
Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ 170ºC ‡¡◊ËÕ¡’ª°æ≈“ µ‘° 20 ·≈– 40% ‚¥¬
πÈ”Àπ—° „Àâ§à“ ¡∫—µ‘∑“ß°≈§àÕπ¢â“ß Ÿß°«à“°“√¢÷Èπ√Ÿª ≥
Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ 180ºC ·≈– 190ºC ´÷Ëß™à«ßÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘π’ÈÕ“®®–¬—ß
¡’°“√À≈Õ¡µ—«∑’Ë‰¡à ¡∫Ÿ√≥åπ—°∑’Ë∑”„ÀâÕ—µ√“°“√‡°‘¥‚ø¡
πâÕ¬°«à“
Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘°“√º ¡∑’Ë‡À¡“– ¡Õ¬Ÿà„π™à«ß 185195ºC ≥ §«“¡‡√Á«√Õ∫ °√Ÿ 30 √Õ∫/π“∑’ ´÷Ëß∑”„Àâ
‡°‘¥°“√¢¬“¬µ—«¢Õß‚ø¡‰¥â¥’ ·≈–∑”„Àâ§à“§«“¡Àπ“·πàπ
∑π·√ß¥÷ß ∑π·√ß¥—¥ ∑π·√ß°√–·∑° ·≈–§«“¡·¢Áß
„°≈â‡§’¬ß°—π
2) “¡“√∂¢÷Èπ√Ÿªæ’«’´’‚ø¡∑’Ë¡’¢«¥·™¡æŸ‰¥â Ÿß ÿ¥
60% ‚¥¬πÈ”Àπ—° ·≈–„Àâ§à“∑π·√ß°√–·∑° Ÿß ÿ¥¥â«¬
Figure 14. Ultimate Tensile Stress vs level of
recycled coverings of PVC foam at
various processing temperatures.
Figure 15. Hardness vs level of recycled coverings of PVC foam at various processing temperatures.
2. °“√π”¢«¥·™¡æŸ°≈—∫¡“À¡ÿπ‡«’¬π„™â„À¡à æ∫«à“
1)
«. ß¢≈“π§√‘π∑√å «∑∑.
ªï∑’Ë 27 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 3 æ.§. - ¡‘.¬. 2548
589
3. °“√π”ª°æ≈“ µ‘°°≈—∫¡“À¡ÿπ‡«’¬π„™â„À¡à æ∫«à“
Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡¢‘ π÷È √Ÿª∑’‡Ë À¡“– ¡Õ¬Ÿ„à π™à«ß 180-190ºC
¥â«¬‡«≈“Õ—¥¢÷Èπ√Ÿª 3 π“∑’ ´÷Ëß∑”„Àâ‡°‘¥°“√¢¬“¬µ—«¢Õß
‚ø¡‰¥â¥’
2) “¡“√∂¢÷Èπ√Ÿªæ’«’´’‚ø¡∑’Ë¡’ª°æ≈“ µ‘°‰¥â Ÿß ÿ¥
100%‚¥¬πÈ”Àπ—° ·µà„Àâ§à“∑π·√ß¥÷ß·≈–§«“¡·¢Áß≈¥≈ß
µË” ÿ¥
1)
°‘µµ‘°√√¡ª√–°“»
§≥–«‘®—¬¢Õ¢Õ∫§ÿ≥ ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’æ√–
®Õ¡‡°≈â“∏π∫ÿ√’ ”À√—∫°“√„Àâ∑ÿπ π—∫ πÿπ‚§√ß°“√«‘®—¬π’È
·≈–∫√‘…—∑ ‰∑¬æ≈“ µ‘°·≈–‡§¡’¿—≥±å ®”°—¥ (¡À“™π)
∫√‘…—∑ VP Plastic Products (1993) ®”°—¥ ·≈–∫√‘…—∑
Clariant ®”°—¥ ”À√—∫°“√„Àâ§«“¡Õπÿ‡§√“–Àå„π à«π¢Õß
«— ¥ÿ∑’Ë„™â„π°“√∑¥≈Õß πÕ°®“°π’È§≥–«‘®—¬¢Õ¢Õ∫§ÿ≥
∂“∫—π‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’√“™¡ß§≈ §≈ÕßÀ° ”À√—∫°“√„Àâ§«“¡
Õπÿ‡§√“–Àå„π à«π‡§√◊ËÕß¡◊Õ∑’Ë„™â„π°“√∑¥≈Õß
‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß
≥√ß§åƒ∑∏‘Ï ¡∫—µ‘ ¡¿æ. 2546. æƒµ‘°√√¡°“√‰À≈¢Õß
æÕ≈‘ ‡ ¡Õ√å À ≈Õ¡‡À≈«·≈–°“√π”‰ª„™â ß “π (©∫— ∫
ª√—∫ª√ÿß·≈–‡æ‘¡Ë ‡µ‘¡), ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’æ√–®Õ¡
‡°≈â“∏π∫ÿ√’.
»‘√‘π∑√ ∑Õß· ß ≥√ß§åƒ∑∏‘Ï ¡∫—µ‘ ¡¿æ ·≈– Õ”π«¬ ≈“¿‡°…¡ ÿ¢. 2544. °“√»÷°…“§«“¡‡ªìπ‰ª‰¥â„π°“√π”
∑àÕπÈ”æ’«’´’∑’Ë„™â·≈â«°≈—∫¡“À¡ÿπ‡«’¬π„™â„À¡à, «. ß¢≈“π§√‘π∑√å «∑∑. 23:275-289.
ª√‘¡“≥æ’«’´’∑’Ë„™â·≈â«·≈–Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘°“√º ¡
»‘√‘π∑√ ∑Õß· ß ·≈–§≥–
Benning, C.J. 1969. Plastics Foams: The Physics and
Chemistry. John Willey, New York.
Deniel, K. and Kurt, C.F. 1991. Handbook of polymeric
foams and foam technology. Hanser, Munich.
Edenbaum, J. 1992. Plastics Additives and Modifiers
Handbook. VNR, New York.
Laurent, M.M., Chul, B.P. and John, J.B. 1997. Processing and cell Morphology relationships for
microcellular foamed PVC/wood-fiber composites, Polym. Eng. Sci., 37: 1137-1147.
Patterson, J. 1997. Vinyl foam: effect of density on
physical properties, SPE ANTEC Tech. Papers,
18: 3560-3567.
Rabinovitch, E.B., Isner, J.D. and Wiell, D.J. 1997.
Effect of extrusion conditions on rigid PVC
foam, SPE ANTEC Tech. Papers, 18: 3554-3559.
Sombatsompop, N. and Thongsang, S. 2001. The
rheology, morphology, and mechanical and
thermal properties of recycled PVC pipes, J.
Appl. Polym. Sci., 82: 2478-2486.
Thomas, N.L. and Quirk, J.P. 1995. Use of bottle
recyclate in rigid PVC foam, Plast. Rubb. Comp.
Process. Appl., 24: 89-96.
Titow, W.V. 1990. PVC Plastic: Properties Processing
and Applications. Elesivier Applied Science,
London and New York.
Weller, J.E., Ma, M., Montecillo, R. and Kumar, V.
1997. The tensile properties of microcellular
PVC: the effects of additives and foam density,
SPE ANTEC Tech. Papers, 18: 2055-2059.

Download Report