CQ Banana PPT Template

CREATING EFFICIENT COLD CHAIN
INFRASTRUCTURE: KEEPING COOL FROM
PLANT TO PORT TO PLATE
What cargo and shippers need from
transport equipment?
How shippers can build customer
loyalty through improved product
quality?
October 2014, Cartagena TOC Americas
1
Brief speaker introduction
• Juan Carlos Hernandez
• Chiquita’s Global Equipment and M&R Manager
• Based in Costa Rica
• Background: Mechanical Engineer, MBA
- Have been in shipping container industry more than
20 years
-
M&R Superintendent, DOLE, Costa Rica
Container Terminal Manager, DEL MONTE, Costa Rica
Logistic/Terminal Manager, CHIQUITA, Honduras-Nicaragua
Regional M&R Manager, CHIQUITA, Costa Rica
Global Equipment and M&R Manager, CHIQUITA, Costa Rica
2
CHIQUITA OVERVIEW
 20,000 employees worldwide
Main products: Bananas, salads. Also pineapples, snacks

Banana production countries: Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua,
 Costa Rica, Panama, Ecuador
Markets:
 - USA through ports in California, Texas, Mississippi, Florida and Delaware
- EUROPE through North EUR ports and the Mediterranean

Headquarter office in Charlotte, North Carolina
- Latin-American HQ in San Jose, Costa Rica
- Europe HQ in Rolle, Switzerland
3
CHIQUITA reefer container fleet

 Container fleet average age 4.5 years
Almost 70% of the fleet is less than 4 years old
 Container fleet is 100% Carrier Transicold
Reefer container fleet of 14,000+ containers
to USA are shipped containerized as regular “green load”
 Bananas
Bananas to EUR are shipped on reefer vessels and under CA
4
How shippers can build customer loyalty through improved
product quality?
To meet customer expectations and strengthen loyalty, we simply need to consistently move their container from A to B
without asking them to think, to worry or to complicate their lives during non-working hours. They expect an integral
solution from shippers and/or carriers having them working as a TEAM.
Customers see value in reliability of logistics, documentation, equipment and open communication
HOW can this be accomplished?
- Listen and learn customer’s operational concerns, service and product quality requirements.
- Provide information to customers about best refrigerated maritime transportation practices and cargo stuffing
- Provide information to customers about temperature control, fresh air exchange, air flow, new technologies,
technical specifications, controlled/modified atmosphere, temperature recording, potential cargo risks, etc
- Give visibility to customers about good equipment condition and technology available for their cargo.
- Clear understanding of cargo set points related with temperature set point (F, C), Fresh Air Ventilation (CFM,
CMH, %), Humidity and CO2%. Many cargo complaints are due bad set points.
5
What cargo and shippers need from transport equipment
 Regarding reefer containers
 Relevance
 - Air Flow
 Understand effect of air flow into the container
 - Temperature control
 The most important setting
 - Pull down
 Depends on cooling capacity and air flow. The
fastest the better
 - Fresh Air ventilation
 Positive and negative effects if improperly set
 - Power Consumption
 New technology less energy
 - Humidity control
 Understand the concept
 - Modified atmosphere CA/MA
 Concepts and technologies available
 - Box air tightness
 Relevance for CA/MA for long voyages carrying
perishable cargo
 - ATO-DLO containers
 Relation with flower bulb transportation
6
Air flow and temperature
control
Evaporator motors
High Speed: 5,400 m3/hr
Low Speed: 2,380 m3/hr
Perishable cargo is very sensitive to temperature changes. Accurate temperature control is mandatory to
assure quality. In reefer containers, temperature is stable within a tolerance of +-0.25 C of set point
7
Dynamic Pull down
simulation
8
Fresh Air Ventilation (FAV)
highlights
The purpose of FAV is to provide ventilation to perishable cargo that requires fresh air exchange allowing
fresh air to get into container to remove the excess CO2 and ethylene caused by fruit respiration.
FAV opening must be adjusted to keep CO2 level within 3 - 5%
Benefits
Non desirable
Removes excess of CO2
Adds external heat to cargo load increasing
energy consumption
Removes excess of Ethylene
Adds humid air into container :
- Increase water vapor condensation
- May affect cardboard box strength due
humidity and boxes can collapse.
- May cause mold growing in wooden pallets
or produce
Can be adjusted automatically to
control O2/CO2%
- Excessive condensation reduce humidity and
can cause dehydration of the cargo and loss of
cargo weight
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Potential effects of high Fresh Air
ventilation setting
Excess of water condensate due high FAV opening, drain valves in bad condition or clogged
Pallet mold due high humidity
Collapsed boxes due high humidity absortion
10
Fresh Air ventilation highlights about
set points
IMPORTANT
11
Fresh Air Ventilation (FAV)
highlights
Fresh air flow for loaded containers
Opening
percentage %
CMH
(cubic meter per hour)
EMPTY (as per decal)
CMH
(cubic meter per
hour)
LOADED
0%
0
0
10%
40
57
20%
76
107
30%
100
141
50%
155
219
75%
180
255
100%
185
262
Recommended fresh air exchange depending on produce respiration rate
Produce respiration rate
(mgCO2/kg-hr)
Ft3/min (CFM)
mt3/hr (CMH)
Fruits examples
L(Low)
<20
15
25
Banana, pines, melons
M (Medium)
<40
30
50
Mango
H (High)
<60
45
75
okra
VH (Very High)
>60
60
100
Asparagus
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Ethylene and water intake as function of fresh air
exchange
Opening
percentage
%
CMH
(cubic meter per hour)
EMPTY (as per decal)
CMH
(cubic meter per
hour)
LOADED
0%
0
0
10%
40
57
20%
76
107
30%
100
141
50%
155
219
75%
180
255
100%
185
262
13
Power consumption field trial
data
Acumulative KWhr full 123 hrs trip (5 days)
800
839 Kwh Thinline
600
543 Kwh (-35%) Thinline + Quest
400
312 Kwh (-63%) PrimeLine + Quest
200
82
10
0
11
6
12
8
13
8
14
7
15
7
17
5
19
1
20
5
22
2
23
6
24
8
26
6
28
0
29
3
30
5
65
45
35
0
20
KWhr
1000
Time (hrs)
Primeline
Thinline + Quest
Thinline
Power splitters: two containers in one power plug!!
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Humidity
control
• Dehumidification option
• Container with this option will have a humidity sensor
that allows setting of humidity set point. In this his
mode unit will operate to reduce and maintain
internal container moisture level.
• Humidity cannot be increased in containers unless it is
modified to add humidity.
• Humidity sensor settings 60% to 95%
• 60-80% RH, accuracy is ±3%
• 80-95% RH, accuracy is +0/-2%
• Not all containers are fitted with humidity
sensors
15
Reefer unit CA/MA capability
Fruit respiration process
O2%
CO2%
16
Banana respiration graph (Respiration rates vrs Oxygen %)
Respiration Rate at different Oxygen Concentration
5
4.5
4
Respiration Rate (ml CO2/kgh)
3.5
3
2.5
8% RR limit
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
0
1.65
3
6
9
12
15
18
21
Oxygen Concentration (%)
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Comparison of CA/MA
available
Fully integrated continuously controlled atmosphere system. Produce its own
inert gas as per cargo demand.
Reefer unit with
O2/CO2
sensors capable
to remove CO2
using
a
membrane
system
or
scrubbers.
Automatic vent
to control O2
On demand ventilation system. CO2
sensor
to
control
internal
atmospheric condition. Do not
monitor O2.
"One trip" system
that enhances the
atmosphere inside
the container with
ozone. Controls
ethylene and kills
bacteria and mold
18
CA/MA capable containers
- Inspect good condition of Tectrol track (aluminum or EPDM)
- Proper installation of plastic curtain is very important to assure tightness at door side
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CA/MA capable containers
Air tightness is the most important factor for a proper CA/MA process into a reefer
container. Special attention should be placed to main sealing components
Fresh air vent should be air tight and
Gasket should be inspected
Conventional drain kazzo. Bad air tightness
ADV
MCI
ADV
CIMC
GOOD AIRTIGHTNESS
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ATO-DLO
Agro technological Research Institute
• The purpose of ATO certification of reefer containers is to improve the quality preservation of flower
bulbs during shipment by means of classifying the suitability of reefer containers for the
transportation of flower bulbs. ATO certification primarily serves the interests of flower bulb shippers,
as it supports them in serving their customers optimally. For flower bulb shippers shipment in ATOcertified reefer containers is a prerequisite for getting a transport insurance. For container owners,
ATO certification of their reefer containers means a chance of getting more cargo
• Minimum reefer container requirements for ATO certification
• An ATO-certified reefer container with the qualification 'good' has met the following minimum
requirements:
• 1 - Air ventilation of empty container (at 380V/50Hz) at least 2.6 m3/h per m3 internal container volume
• 2 - Air circulation inside empty container (at 380V/50Hz) at least 40 m3/h per m3 internal container volume
• 3- Height T-bars in 40 ft. containers at least 60 mm, in 20 ft. containers at least 30 mm
• 4- Four drain holes in the corners
• To find out if a container is ATO-DLO certified and to see the containers specifications the following link
must be used:
• http://www.reefertransport.nl/certified.aspx
• IMPORTANT: Not all containers have ATO decals in the rear doors
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ATO-DLO
Agro technological Research Institute
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THANKS
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