Shawn Edward Litster
[email protected]
Tel: 412.268.3050
Fax: 412.268.3348
www. cmu.edu/me/tpes/
323 Scaife Hall
5000 Forbes Avenue
Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
Education
Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
Ph.D., Mechanical Engineering, July 2008
Advisor: Juan G. Santiago
Thesis: “Active water management for proton exchange membrane fuel cells using integrated
wicks and electroosmotic pumps”
Graduate Coursework: Fluid mechanics, Applied mathematics, Computational fluid
dynamics, Heat transfer, Microfluidics, Thermodynamics.
University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
M.A.Sc., Mechanical Engineering, June 2005
Advisor: Ned Djilali
Thesis: “Mathematical Modelling of Fuel Cells for Portable Devices”
Lieutenant Governor’s Silver Medal for Most Outstanding Masters Thesis, all faculties
Graduate Coursework: Fluid mechanics, Computational methods, Microfluidics, Fuel cells,
Thermodynamics
B.Eng. – With Distinction, Mechanical Engineering, June 2004
Co-op program
Camosun College, Victoria, BC, Canada
Diploma, Mechanical Engineering Technology, Machine Design Option, June 2000
Academic Positions
Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA
Associate Professor, Mechanical Engineering, 2013- present
Courtesy Faculty, Materials Science and Engineering, 2014-present
Assistant Professor, Mechanical Engineering, 2008 to 2013
Director, Laboratory for Transport Phenomena in Energy Systems
Director, X-ray Computed Tomography Facility
Stanford Microfluidics Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
Graduate Research Assistant, 2005-2008
Institute for Integrated Energy Systems (IESVic), University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
Research Assistant, 2002- 2005
UVic CFD Lab, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
Research Assistant, 2002
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Teaching and Supervisory Experience
Undergraduate Courses
24-231: Fluid Mechanics, Spring 2013, 2013
24-324: Energy & Thermal System Analysis, Carnegie Mellon University, Fall 2009, 2011
24-331: Viscous Flow, Carnegie Mellon University, Spring 2009, Fall 2011
Graduate Courses
24-624: Fuel Cell Systems, Fall 2013, 2014
24-722: Energy Systems Modeling, Carnegie Mellon University, Spring 2010, 2011, 2012, Fall 2012
Visiting Scholars
Dr. Bo Ki Hong, Senior Engineer, Hyundai Motor Company, Fall 2014-present.
Ph.D. Students
1. Tim Hsu, “Material heterogeneity in fuel cells,” co-advised with P. Salvador, Sept. 2014-present.
2. Siddharth Komini Babu, “Structure and Transport in Pt-free fuel cells,” Sept. 2013-present.
3. Alex Mohamed, “Conductive polymer binders,” co-advised with J. Whitacre, Sept. 2013-present.
4. Arjun Kumar, “X-ray CT computation”, co-advised by Y. Zhang, July 2013-present
5. Pratiti Mandal, “Nano-scale X-ray CT,” Aug. 2012-present.
6. Michael Burkholder, “Non-linear diagnostics for fuel cells,” Fall 2011-present.
7. Iryna Zenyuk, “Interface effects in PEFC electrodes,” Fall 2009 - Fall 2013.
8. William Epting, “Oxygen transport in fuel cells,” Fall 2009-present.
9. Nicholas Siefert, “Fuel cell system analysis,” Spring 2009 - Spring 2013.
10. Katherine Hess, “Potential sensing in porous electrodes,” Spring 2009 - Spring 2013.
Master’s Students
1. Dinesh Sabarirajan, “Fuel cell electrode fabrication,” Fall 2013-Fall 2014.
2. Hang Liu, “Oxygen transport in PEFCs,” Fall 2012- Summer 2014.
3. Seongjin An, “Microscale diagnostics for electrodes,” Spring 2012-Spring 2014.
4. Ramon Medina Rijos, “Micro-injection of electrodes,” Fall 2011- Summer 2013.
5. Jingyi Yan, “Nanostructured fuel cell electrodes,” Fall 2011-Summer 2013.
6. Siddharth Komini Babu, “Nanostructured electrodes,” Fall 2011-Summer 2013.
7. Joo Yeob Lee, “Modeling of ion transport in electrodes,” Fall 2010-Spring 2012.
8. Cheng-Han Chen, “Modeling of miniature fuel cells,” Spring 2010 -Summer 2011.
9. Chi-Hsin Ho, “Two-phase flow in fuel cell micro-channels,” Fall 2009-Spring 2010.
10. Xiaoxin Su, “Modeling miniature fuel cells,” Fall 2009-Spring 2011.
11. Ssu-Chieh Yu, “PEM fuel cell electrode fabrication”, Fall 2009 - Fall 2010.
12. Paul Jones, “Thermal and water management for miniature fuel cells,” Spring 2009.
13. Sang Ho Yoon, “Modeling parallel channels in PEM fuel cells,” Fall 2008.
14. Fevzi Kivanc, “Electroosmosis of the 2nd kind,” Fall 2008 - Spring 2010.
Undergraduate Students
1. Ben Neiman, “Electrode spraying,” Summer 2014-Fall 2014
2. Victor Yan, “Two-phase flow experiments,” Summer 2014-Fall 2014
3. Ali McNulty “Alkaline fuel cells,” Summer 2014
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4. Brian DeVincentis, “Two-phase flow simulation,” Fall 2013-Fall 2014
5. Allen Miller, “X-ray CT & thick electrodes,” Summer 2013-Spring 2014
6. Victor Medina, “Fuel cell modeling”, Spring 2012-Spring 2013.
7. Michael Saitta (CIT Honors), “Non-linear two-phase flow modeling”, Spring 2012-Spring 2013.
8. John Boyle (CIT Honors), “Microscale fuel cell diagnostics”, Fall 2010-Spring 2011.
9. Tema Yaravitz (Dept. Honors), “Fuel cell catalyst layer fabrication”, Fall 2010-Spring 2011.
10. Colin O’Shea, “Modeling two-phase flow in fuel cell micro-channels,” Spring 2010-Fall 2011
11. Michael Burkholder (CIT Honors), “Two-phase flow in fuel cells,” Fall 2009-Spring 2010.
12. Paul Jones, “Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells,” Spring 2009.
13. Jarrett Valeri (Dept. Honors), “Voltage Measurement in PEFCs,” Fall 2008 - Spring 2009.
Professional Experience
Angstrom Power Incorporated, North Vancouver, BC, Canada
Research Engineer, 2003
 Extensive review of low temperature fuel cell electrode design practices and fabrication
processes in literature and patents.
 Analysis of microstructured fuel cell design with CFD software.
 Analysis and optimization of electric current paths in microstructured fuel cells.
Abitibi Consolidated Incorporated, Newsprint Division, Mackenzie, BC, Canada
Project Engineering Co-op Student, 2001
Project management and mechanical design.
Honors and Awards
First place (with S. Komini Babu), Student poster competition, Gordon Research Conference on Fuel
Cells, Aug. 8, 2014. Poster title: “Modeling Hierarchial Non-Precious Metal Catalyst Cathodes
for PEFCs using Multi-Scale X-ray CT Imaging”.
Russell V. Trader Career Faculty Fellow in Mechanical Engineering, 2014.
First place (with I. Zenyuk), PEFC Symposium Poster Competition, Fall Meeting of the
Electrochemical Society, Oct. 30, 2013. Poster title: “Coupling of deterministic contact
mechanics model and two-phase model to study the effect of catalyst layer| microporous layer
interface on polymer electrolyte fuel cell performance”.
Best of Posters selection (with I. Zenyuk), “Spatially-Resolved Modeling of Species Transport and
the Oxygen Reduction Reaction Inside a Water-Filled Mesopore in a PEFC Cathode,” Gordon
Research Conference (GRC) on Fuel Cells. Smithfield, RI, August 3-8, 2012. Selected for a 15
min talk during the meeting.
George Tallman Ladd Research Award, College of Engineering, Carnegie Mellon, 2011
National Science Foundation CAREER Award, 2011.
Best poster award (with I. Zenyuk), Symposium of the International Association for Hydrogen
Energy, Penn State University, April 17, 2010.
Best student paper award (2nd author) - Advanced Energy Systems Division, 2007 ASME IMECE,
Seattle, Wa, November 11-15, 2007.
Best student/post-doctoral oral presentation award, PEM fuel cell system sessions, 210th Meeting of
The Electrochemical Society, Cancun, Mexico, 2006
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Lieutenant Governor’s Silver Medal for Top Masters Thesis, All faculties, University of Victoria,
2005/2006
Canada Graduate Scholarship for Doctorate, Natural Science and Engineering Research Council
(NSERC), Declined award due to tenure at a university outside of Canada, 2005
Postgraduate Scholarship for Doctorate with Foreign Tenure, NSERC, 2005/2006
Canada Graduate Scholarship for Masters, NSERC, 2004/2005
Canadian Space Agency NSERC Supplement, Canadian Space Agency, 2004/2005
President’s Research Scholarship, University of Victoria, 2004/2005
Dean’s List (Top 10% graduating GPA in engineering), 2004
President’s Scholarship (PT), University of Victoria, 2003
Cunliffe Engineering Scholarship, University of Victoria, 2002
Undergraduate Student Research Award (USRA), NSERC, 2002
Spaghetti Bridge Competition, Camosun College, 1st place in max strength test and innovative
design categories. Awarded a semester of tuition paid, 1999
Publications (supervised researchers in bold)
Book chapters
1. A. Kumar, P. Mandal, Y. Zhang, S. Litster, “Image Restoration of Phase Contrast Nano Scale
X-ray CT Images,” In Computational Modeling of Objects Presented in Images. Fundamentals,
Methods, and Applications, Springer, pp. 280-285, 2014.
2. S. Litster, “Micropumps” In B. Bhushan (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Nanotechnology, Springer, New
York, NY, 2012.
3. S. Litster and N. Djilali, “Performance Analysis of Microstructured Fuel Cells for Portable
Applications,” In S.Kakac, L. Vasiliev, A. Pramuanjaroenkij (Eds.), Micro-Mini Fuel CellsFundamentals and Applications, Springer Verlag, New York, NY, 2008.
4. S. Litster and N. Djilali, “Two-Phase Transport in Porous Gas Diffusion Electrodes,” In M.
Faghri and B. Sunden (Eds.), Transport Phenomena in Fuel Cells, volume 17 of Developments
in Heat Transfer, WIT Press, Southhampton, UK, Chapter 5, pp. 175-214, 2005.
Journal articles
1. M.B. Burkholder, S. Litster, “Stabilization of polymer electrolyte fuel cell voltage with reduced
order Lyapunov exponent feedback and corrective pressure perturbations”, Journal of Power
Sources, 275, pp. 408-418, (2015).
2. N.S. Siefert, S. Litster, “Exergy & economic analysis of biogas fueled SOFC systems”, J. Power
Sources, 272, pp. 386-397, (2014).
3. A.Z. Weber, R.L. Borup, R.M. Darling, P.K. Das, T.J. Dursch, W. Gu, D. Harvey, A. Kusoglu, S.
Litster, M. Mench, R. Mukundan, J.P. Owejan, J. Pharoah, M. Secanell, I. Zenyuk, “A Critical
Review of Modeling Transport Phenomena in Polymer‐Electrolyte Fuel Cells”, J. Electrochem.
Soc., 161, pp. F1254-F1299, (2014).
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4. I.V. Zenyuk, R. Taspinara, A.R. Kalidindia, E.C. Kumbur, S. Litster, “Computational and
Experimental Analysis of Water Transport at Component Interfaces in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel
Cells”, J. Electrochem. Soc., 161, pp. F3091-F3103, (2014).
5. I.V. Zenyuk, S. Litster, “Modeling ion conduction and electrochemical reactions in water films
on thin-film metal electrodes with application to low temperature fuel cells”, Electrochimica
Acta, 146, pp. 194-206, (2014).
6. M.B. Burkholder, N.S. Siefert, S. Litster, “Nonlinear analysis of voltage dynamics in a polymer
electrolyte fuel cell due to two-phase channel flow”, Journal of Power Sources, 267, pp. 243-254,
(2014).
7. N.S. Siefert, B. Chang, S. Litster, “Exergy & economic analysis of a CaO-looping gasifier for
IGFC-CCS & IGCC-CCS”, Applied Energy, 128, pp. 230-245, (2014).
8. K.C. Hess, J.F. Whitacre, S. Litster, “Spatiotemporal electrochemical measurements across an
electric double layer capacitor electrode with application to aqueous sodium hybrid batteries,”
Journal of Power Sources, 248, pp. 348-355, (2014).
9. S. Litster, W.K. Epting, Wargo, E.A., and E.C. Kumbur, “Morphological Analyses of Polymer
Electrolyte Fuel Cell Electrodes with Nano-Scale Computed Tomography Imaging”, Fuel Cells,
13, pp. 935-945 (2013).
10. A.R. Kalidindia, R. Taspinara, S. Litster, and E.C. Kumbur, “A Two-Phase Model for Studying
the Role of the Microporous Layer and Catalyst Layer Interface on Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell
Performance”, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 38, pp. 9297-9309 (2013).
11. I.V. Zenyuk, E.C. Kumbur, S. Litster, “Deterministic Contact Mechanics Model Applied to
Electrode Interfaces in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells and Interfacial Water Accumulation,”
Journal of Power Sources, 241, pp. 379-387 (2013).
12. N. Siefert, D. Shekhawat, S. Litster, D. Berry, “Steam-coal gasification using CaO and KOH for
in situ carbon and sulfur capture,” Energy & Fuels, 27, pp. 4278-4289 (2013).
13. N. Siefert, S. Litster, "Exergy and economic analyses of advanced IGCC–CCS and IGFC–CCS
power plants," Applied Energy, 107, pp. 315–328, (2013).
14. N. Siefert, D. Shekhawat, S. Litster, D. Berry, “Molten Catalytic Coal Gasification with In situ
Carbon and Sulfur Capture,” Energy & Environmental Science, 5, 8660-8672, (2012).
15. K.C. Hess, J.F. Whitacre, S. Litster, “In situ Measurements of Potential, Current and Charging
Current Across an EDL Capacitance Anode for an Aqueous Sodium Hybrid Battery,” Journal of
The Electrochemical Society, 159, A1351-A1359, (2012).
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16. I.V. Zenyuk, S. Litster “Spatially-resolved modeling of electric double layers and surface
chemistry for the hydrogen oxidation reaction in water-filled platinum-carbon electrodes,”
Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 116, 9862-9875, (2012).
17. W.K. Epting, S. Litster “Effects of an Agglomerate Size Distribution on the PEFC Agglomerate
Model,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 37, pp. 8505-8511 (2012).
18. W.K. Epting, J. Gelb, S. Litster “Resolving the Three-dimensional Micro-structure of Polymer
Electrolyte Fuel Cell Electrodes using Nano-scale X-ray Computed Tomography,” Advanced
Functional Materials, 22, pp. 555-560, (2012).
19. K.C. Hess, W.K. Epting, S. Litster, “Spatially-resolved, in situ potential measurements through
porous electrodes as applied to fuel cells,” Analytical Chemistry, 83, pp 9492–9498, (2011).
20. F. Kivanc and S. Litster, “Pumping with electroosmosis of the 2nd kind in mesoporous
skeletons,” Sensors Actuators: B. Chemical, 151, pp. 394-401, (2011).
21. N. Siefert and S. Litster, “The scaling of PEM fuel cell voltage instabilities with cathode channel
plurality,” Journal of Power Sources, 196, pp. 1948-1954, (2011).
22. S. Litster, M. Suss, and J.G. Santiago, “A two-liquid electroosmotic pump using low applied
voltage and power,” Sensors Actuators: A. Physical, 163, pp. 311-314, (2010).
23. T. Fabian, R. O’Hayre, S. Litster, F.B. Prinz, J. G. Santiago, “Active Water Management at the
Cathode of a Planar Air-breathing PEM Fuel Cell Using an Electroosmotic Pump,” J. Power
Sources, 195, pp. 3640-3644, (2010).
24. T. Fabian, R. O’Hayre, S. Litster, F.B. Prinz, J. G. Santiago, “Passive Water Management at the
Cathode of a Planar Air-breathing PEM Fuel Cell,” J. Power Sources, 195, pp. 3201-3206,
(2010).
25. S. Litster, C.R. Buie, and J.G. Santiago, “Engineering model for coupling wicks and
electroosmotic pumps with proton exchange membrane fuel cells for active water management,”
Electrochim. Acta, 174, pp. 6223-6233, (2009).
26. S. Litster and J.G. Santiago, “Dry gas operation of proton exchange membrane fuel cells with
parallel channels: Non-porous versus porous plates,” J. Power Sources, 188, pp. 82-88, (2009).
27. S. Litster and N. Djilali, “Theoretical Performance Analysis of Micro-Structured Air-Breathing
Fuel Cells,” Electrochem. Solid State Lett., 11, pp. B1-B5, (2008).
28. C. R. Buie, D. Kim, S. Litster and J.G. Santiago, “An Electroosmotic Fuel Pump for Direct
Methanol Fuel Cells.,” Electrochem. Solid State Lett., 10, pp. B196-B200, (2007).
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29. D.G. Strickland, S. Litster, J.G. Santiago, "Current distribution in polymer electrolyte membrane
fuel cell with active water management," J. Power Sources, 174, pp. 272-281, (2007).
30. S. Litster, C.R. Buie, T. Fabian, J.K. Eaton and J.G. Santiago, “Active Water Management for
PEM Fuel Cells,” J. Electrochem. Soc., 154, pp. B1049-B1058, (2007).
31. R. O’Hayre, T. Fabian, S. Litster, F.B. Prinz, and J.G. Santiago, “Engineering Model of a Passive
Planar Air Breathing Fuel Cell Cathode,” J. Power Sources, 167, pp. 118-129, (2007).
32. S. Litster and N. Djilali, “Mathematical Modelling of Ambient Air-Breathing Fuel Cells for
Portable Devices”, Electrochim. Acta, 52, pp. 3849-3862, (2007).
33. S. Litster , J. Pharoah, G. McLean , N. Djilali, “Computational Analysis of Heat and Mass
Transfer in a Micro-Structured PEMFC Cathode”, J. Power Sources, 156, pp. 334-344, (2006).
34. S. Litster , D. Sinton , N. Djilali, “Ex situ Visualization of Liquid Water Transport in PEM Fuel
Cell Gas Diffusion Layers”, J. Power Sources, 154, pp.95-105, (2006).
35. S. Litster, J.G. Pharoah, and N. Djilali, “Convective Mass Transfer in Helical Pipes: Effect of
Curvature and Torsion”, Heat Mass Transfer, 42, pp. 387-397, (2006).
36. S. Litster and G. McLean, “PEM fuel cell electrodes”, J. Power Sources, 130, pp. 61-76, (2004).
Conference Papers
1. S. Komini Babu, H. T. Chung, G. Wu, P. Zelenay, S. Litster, “Modeling Hierarchical NonPrecious Metal Catalyst Cathodes for PEFCs Using Multi-Scale X-ray CT Imaging,” ECS
Transactions 64, pp. 281-292 (2014).
2. M. Burkholder, S. Litster, “The Effect of Cathode Pressure Perturbations on the Voltage
Stability of a Simulated Fuel Cell Stack,” ECS Transactions 64, pp. 681-688 (2014).
3. S. Komini Babu, S. Litster, “Vertically-Oriented Polymer Electrolyte Nanofiber Catalyst Support
for Fuel Cells,” ECS Transactions 58, pp. 1137-1144 (2013).
4. P. Mandal, S. Litster, “Morphological analysis of polymer electrolyte fuel cell electrode using
high resolution X-ray computed tomography and subsequent performance analysis,” ECS
Transactions 58, pp. 481-488 (2013).
5. M. Burkholder, S. Litster, “Nonlinear Diffusion Analysis of the Voltage Signal of a Polymer
Electrolyte Fuel Cell with Cathode Water Accumulation,” ECS Transactions 58, pp. 109-115
(2013).
6. I.V. Zenyuk, R. Taspinar, A.R. Kalidindi, E.C. Kumbur, S. Litster, “Coupling of deterministic
contact mechanics model and two-phase model to study the effect of catalyst layer| microporous
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layer interface on polymer electrolyte fuel cell performance,” ECS Transactions 58, pp. 11251135 (2013). First place in PEFC Symposium Poster Competition.
7. I.V. Zenyuk, S. Litster, “Spatially-Resolved Modeling of Electric Double Layers for the Oxygen
Reduction Reaction in Water-Filled Platinum Electrodes,” ECS Transactions 58, pp. 27-35
(2013).
8. S.J. An, S. Litster, “In Situ, ionic conductivity measurement of ionomer/binder-free Pt catalyst
under fuel cell operating condition,” ECS Transactions 58, pp. 831-839 (2013).
9. W.K. Epting and S. Litster, “An Oxygen Flux Interrupt Method and In-situ Micro-sensor for
Characterizing Oxygen Transport in PEFCs,” Transactions of the Electrochemical Society, Fall
Meeting, Honolulu, HI, Oct. 10, 2012.
10. M. Burkholder, N. Siefert, S. Litster, “Nonlinear analysis of two-phase flow in polymer
electrolyte fuel cell cathode microchannels,” ASME 10th Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and
Technology Conference, San Diego, CA, July 23-26, 2012.
11. N. Siefert, S. Litster, “Exergy & Economic Analysis of Catalytic Coal Gasifiers coupled with
Solid Oxide Fuel Cells,” ASME 10th Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology
Conference, San Diego, CA, July 23-26, 2012.
12. S. Litster, K.C. Hess, W.K. Epting, and J. Gelb, “Catalyst layer analysis: Nanoscale X-ray CT,
spatially-resolved in-situ microscale diagnostics, and modeling,” Transactions of the
Electrochemical Society, Boston, MA, Oct. 10, 2011.
13. I. Zenyuk, J.-Y. Lee, and S. Litster, “Modeling ion transport in fuel cell electrodes including
water|electrolyte interfaces and electric double layers,” Transactions of the Electrochemical
Society, Boston, MA, Oct. 12, 2011.
14. N. Siefert, T. McQuain, J.R. Ferrell, S. Litster, D. Shekhawat, D. Berry, “Molten Catalytic Coal
Gasification for Methane Rich Syngas,” Pittsburgh Coal Conference, Pittsburgh, PA, Sept. 12-15,
2011.
15. N. Siefert, D. Bhatnagar, S. Litster, “Exergy & Economic Analysis of Advanced IGCC & IGFC
Power Plants with >90% Capture of CO2,” Pittsburgh Coal Conference, Pittsburgh, PA, Sept. 1215, 2011.
16. N. Siefert, C. O’Shea, and S. Litster, “The Role of Channel Plurality in Two-phase Flow
Instabilities in PEM Cathode Channels,” ASME 9th Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and
Technology Conference, Washington, DC, August 7-10, 2011.
17. N. Siefert and S. Litster, “Exergy and Economic Analysis of Catalytic Coal Gasifiers Coupled
with Solid Oxide Fuel Cells,” ASME 9th Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology
Conference, Washington, DC, August 7-10, 2011.
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18. W.K. Epting, K.C. Hess, and S. Litster, “In-Situ Measurement of Oxygen Partial Pressure in a
Cathode Catalyst Layer,” Transactions of the Electrochemical Society, Las Vegas, NV, Oct. 1015, 2010.
19. K.C. Hess, W.K. Epting, S.-C. Yu, and S. Litster, “In Situ Through-Plane Measurements of
Ionic Potential in a PEMFC Catalyst Layer,” Transactions of the Electrochemical Society, Las
Vegas, NV, Oc.t 10-15, 2010.
20. K.C. Hess, W.K. Epting, and S. Litster, “Micron-scale Diagnostic for Through-plane Transport
Phenomena in Porous Electrodes,” 14th International Heat Transfer Conference, Washington
D.C., August 8-13, 2010.
21. K.C. Hess, W.K. Epting, and S. Litster, “In Situ Measurements of Through-Plane Distributions
in Porous Electrodes,” ASME 8th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering
and Technology, Brooklyn, NY, June 14-16, 2010.
22. N. Siefert, C.-H. Ho, and S. Litster, “Nonlinear Analysis of Two-Phase Instabilities in PEMFC
Parallel-Channel Cathodes,” ASME 8th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science,
Engineering and Technology, Brooklyn, NY, June 14-16, 2010.
23. I. Zenyuk and S. Litster, “The effect of electric double layers on ionic conductivity in the
agglomerates of PEM fuel cell anodes,” ASME 8th International Conference on Fuel Cell
Science, Engineering and Technology, Brooklyn, NY, June 14-16, 2010.
24. D. Strickland, D. Fenning, S. Litster, J.G. Santiago, “In Situ Polymerized Wicks for Passive
Water Management in PEM Fuel Cell Systems,” Proceedings of the ASME Energy Sustainability
Conference, San Francisco, CA, July 18-23, 2009.
25. F. Kivanc, S. Litster, “Pumping with Electroosmosis of the 2nd Kind in Mesoporous Skeletons,”
Proceedings of the 20th International Symposium on Transport Phenomena, Victoria, BC, July 710, 2009.
26. S. Litster, B. Ha, D. Kim, and J.G. Santiago, “A Two-Liquid Electroosmotic Pump for Portable
Drug Delivery,” Proceedings of the ASME IMECE, Seattle, WA, Nov. 11-15, 2007.
27. Buie, C.R., Litster, S., and J.G. Santiago, “Physics of Pumping Methanol/Water Solutions for
Fuel Cell Applications,” Proceedings of the ASME IMECE, Seattle, WA, November 11-15, 2007.
(Best student paper award)
28. S. Litster, A. Bazylak, D. Sinton, and N. Djilali, "Water Transport in Gas Diffusion Layers of
PEMFCs," ECS Transactions, vol. 3, pp. 409-414, 2006. 210th Meeting of the Electrochemical
Society, Cancun, Mexico, 2006.
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29. S. Litster and N. Djilali, "Performance Analysis of Air-Breathing Fuel Cells," ECS Transactions,
vol. 3, pp. 1217, 2006. 210th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society, Cancun, Mexico, 2006.
(Best student/post-doc paper award)
30. R. O'Hayre, T. Fabian, S. Litster, F. B. Prinz, and J. G. Santiago, "Combined Heat and Mass
Transfer Model of a Passive Air Breathing Fuel Cell Cathode," ECS Transactions, vol. 3, pp.
1125, 2006. 210th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society, Cancun, Mexico, 2006.
31. T. Fabian, R. O'Hayre, S. Litster, F. B. Prinz, and J. G. Santiago, "Water Management at the
Cathode of a Planar Air-Breathing Fuel Cell with an Electroosmotic Pump," ECS Transactions,
vol. 3, pp. 949, 2006. 210th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society, Cancun, Mexico, 2006.
32. C.R. Buie, S. Litster, D. Kim, and J. G. Santiago, "Free Convection Direct Methonal Fuel Cells
Powered by Electroosmotic Pumps," ECS Transactions, vol. 3, pp. 949, 2006. 210th Meeting of
the Electrochemical Society, Cancun, Mexico, 2006.
33. R. O'Hayre, T. Fabian, S. Litster, F.B. Prinz, and J.G. Santiago, "Passive Air Breathing Fuel Cells
For Portable Applications: What are the Limits to Cathode Performance?" Proc. of the Fall
meeting of the Materials Research Society, Portable Power Symposium Boston, MA. USA,
November 27-December 1, 2006.
34. S. Litster , N. Djilali, J. Pharoah, G. McLean, “Computational Analysis of a Micro-Structured
PEMFC Cathode Featuring Nano-Porous Gas Diffusion Media,” World Hydrogen Technologies
Convention 2005, Singapore, Oct 3-5, 2005.
35. S. Litster and N. Djilali, “An Analytical Model of the Membrane Electrode Assembly in a
PEMFC,” Proceedings of ASME’s 3rd International Conference on Fuel Cell Science,
Engineering and Technology, May 23-25, 2005.
36. J.G. Pharoah, S. Litster and N. Djilali, “Mass Transfer Enhancement in Membrane Separation –
Rotating vs. Helical Modules,” Proc. of CFD 2003, Vancouver, May 28-30, 2003.
37. S. Litster, J.G. Pharoah and N. Djilali, “Flow And Mass Transfer In Helical Pipes,” Progress in
Transport Phenomena, (Eds. S. Dost, H. Struchtrup and I. Dincer), pp. 133-138, Elsevier, 2002.
Proc. of 13th Int. Symp. Transport Phenomena, Victoria, BC, July 14-18, 2002.
Published Abstracts
1. M. Burkholder, S. Litster, “Nonlinear analysis of polymer electrolyte fuel cell dynamics with
cathode two-phase flow,” Bulletin of the American Physical Society, (2013).
2. P. Mandal, W.K. Epting, S. Litster, “Nano-scale X-ray Computed Tomography: Morphological
Analysis of Fuel Cell Electrodes”, Microscopy and Microanalysis, 19, pp. 630-631 (2013).
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3. N. Siefert, D. Shekhawat, S. Litster, D. Berry, “Hydrogen and Methane Rich Syngas From a
Catalytic Coal Gasifier with in Situ Capture of H2S/CO2 and Ex Situ Regeneration of Catalysts,”
AIChE Annual Meeting, Pittsburgh, PA, Oct. 28-Nov. 2, 2012.
4. M. Burkholder, N. Siefert, S. Litster, “Nonlinear Analysis of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell
Voltage Instability Under Flooding Conditions,” AIChE Annual Meeting, Pittsburgh, PA, Oct.
28-Nov. 2, 2012.
5. K. Hess, J.F. Whitacre, and S. Litster, “In Situ Spatio-Temporal Measurements in Aqueous
Hybrid Battery Electrodes ,” AIChE Annual Meeting, Pittsburgh, PA, Oct. 28-Nov. 2, 2012.
6. I. Zenyuk, and S. Litster, “Spatially-Resolved Modeling of Oxygen Reduction Reaction Inside
Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Cathode's Water-Filled Mesopore,” AIChE Annual Meeting,
Pittsburgh, PA, Oct. 28-Nov. 2, 2012.
7. W.K. Epting and S. Litster, “Incorporating a Size Distribution and Interfacial Oxygen Resistance
Into a PEFC Agglomerate Model,” AIChE Annual Meeting, Pittsburgh, PA, Oct. 28-Nov. 2,
2012.
8. W.K. Epting and S. Litster, “In-Situ PEFC Oxygen Sensing: An Ultra-Microelectrode Sensor
with Oxygen Flux Interrupt Measurements,” AIChE Annual Meeting, Pittsburgh, PA, Oct. 28Nov. 2, 2012.
9. K. Hess, J.F. Whitacre, and S. Litster, “In Situ Measurements to Extract Potential, Local Current
and Charging Current Distributions in the Electric and Electrolyte Phases of an EDL Capacitance
Electrode,” 222nd Meeting of the Electrochemical Society, Honolulu, HI, Oct. 12, 2012.
10. I. Zenyuk and S. Litster, “Spatially-resolved modeling of electric double layers and surface
chemistry for the oxygen reduction reaction in water-filled platinum-carbon electrodes,” 244th
ACS National Meeting & Exposition, Philadelphia, PA, August 19-23, 2012.
11. W. Epting and S. Litster, “In situ PEFC oxygen sensing: An ultramicroelectrode sensor with
oxygen flux interrupt measurements,” 244th ACS National Meeting & Exposition, Philadelphia,
PA, August 19-23, 2012.
12. W.K. Epting, J. Gelb, S. Litster, “Nano-scale X-ray Computed Tomography of Polymer
Electrolyte Fuel Cell Electrodes,” Fall meeting of the Materials Research Society (MRS), Boston,
MA, December 2, 2011.
13. W.K. Epting, K.C. Hess, T. Yaravitz, J. Boyle, and S. Litster, “Validation of an Agglomerate
Model using In-Situ Oxygen and Potential Distribution Measurements in the Catalyst Layer,”
ASME 9th Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology Conference, Washington, DC, August
7-10, 2011.
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14. K. Hess, J.F. Whitacre, and S. Litster, “In-situ measurements of potential, current, and charging
rate across an ultracapacitor electrode,” 219th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society, Montreal,
Canada, May 3, 2011.
15. S. Litster and P. Jones, “The role of catalyst layer microstructure in the transient behavior of
miniature, air-breathing fuel cells,” 2nd ASME Micro/Nanoscale Heat & Mass Transfer
International Conference, Shanghai, China, Dec. 19, 2009.
Seminars and Presentations
Invited Seminars and Presentations
1. “3D Imaging and Modeling of Hierarchical Non-Precious Metal Cathodes,” Los Alamos National
Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, November 20, 2014 (Invited).
2. “Ion Transport and Charge Transfer in Nanostructured Metal Electrodes - The Role of MesoScale Interfaces,” Gordon Research Conference on Fuel Cells, Smithfield, RI, August 4, 2014
(Invited).
3. “Porous electrode characterization and diagnostics: Nano-scale X-ray computed tomography and
micro-scale sensors,” Distinguished Seminar Series, Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and
Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, February 7, 2014
(Invited).
4. “Porous electrode characterization and diagnostics: Nano-scale X-ray computed tomography and
micro-scale sensors,” Battery & Energy Storage Technology Center Seminar, Pennsylvania State
University, State College, PA, November 21, 2013 (Invited).
5. “Characterization and modeling of NSTF catalyst layers,” Transport Modeling Working Group
Meeting, US Dept. of Energy, Fuel Cell Program, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,
Berkeley, CA, October 25-26, 2013 (Invited speaker and participant).
6. “Non-PGM Electrode Characterization and Optimization,” Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los
Alamos, NM, October 2, 2013 (Invited).
7. “Application of nano-scale X-ray computed tomography to fuel cell electrodes,” Automotive Fuel
Cell Corporation, Burnaby, BC, Canada, July 25, 2013 (Invited).
8. “Three-dimensional X-ray Computed Tomography Imaging of Materials at
50 nm Resolution – Application to Fuel Cell Electrodes,” Institute for Integrated Energy Systems
Seminar, University of Victoria, Canada, July 9, 2013 (Invited).
9. “Three-dimensional X-ray computed tomography imaging of materials at 50 nm resolution –
Application to fuel cell electrodes,” Tech Forum Seminar, 3M Corporation Headquarters,
Minneapolis, MN, June 26, 2013 (Invited).
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10. “Nano-scale X-ray Computed Tomography: Research and User Facility at CMU”, Carnegie
Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, April 12, 2013.
11. “Modeling and Diagnostics of Catalyst Layers,” Transport Modeling Working Group Meeting,
US Dept. of Energy, Fuel Cell Program, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA,
July 26-27, 2012 (Invited speaker and participant).
12. “Transport Phenomena in Porous Electrodes,” University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, March 21,
2012 (Invited).
13. “Transport Phenomena in Porous Electrodes,” Center for Sustainable Energy Seminar Series,
University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, March 20, 2012 (Invited).
14. “Transport Phenomena in Porous Electrodes,” Brockhouse Institute of Materials Research
Seminar Series, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, March 19, 2012 (Invited).
15. “Electroosmosis of the 2nd Kind in Mesoporous Skeleton for Micropumping Applications,”
ASME Micro/Nano-scale Heat and Mass Transfer Conference, Atlanta, GA, March 6, 2012
(Invited, 30 min talk).
16. “Transport Phenomena in Porous Electrodes,” Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Seminar Series,
Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, February 24, 2012 (Invited).
17. Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Seminar Series, Pennsylvania State University, State College,
PA, October 25, 2011 (Invited).
18. “Catalyst layer analysis: Nanoscale X-ray CT, spatially-resolved in-situ microscale diagnostics,
and modeling,” 220th Meeting of Electrochemical Society, Boston, MA, Oct. 10, 2011 (Invited,
40 min talk).
19. “Transport in porous electrodes: Three-dimensional nano-scale imaging and micro-scale in-situ
measurements,” Transport Modeling Working Group Meeting, US Dept. of Energy, Fuel Cell
Program, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, August 18-19, 2011 (Invited
speaker and participant).
20. “Transport in porous electrodes: Three-dimensional nano-scale imaging and micro-scale in-situ
measurements,” Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, August 17, 2011 (Invited).
21. “Transport in porous electrodes: Three-dimensional nano-scale imaging and micro-scale in-situ
measurements,” General Motors, Fuel Cell Research Facility, Honeyoeye Falls, NY , August 12,
2011 (Invited).
22. “Transport in porous electrodes: Three-dimensional nano-scale imaging and micro-scale in-situ
measurements,” Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, August 11, 2011 (Invited).
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23. “Transport in porous electrodes: Three-dimensional nano-scale imaging and micro-scale in-situ
measurements,” Chemical and Biological Engineering Department Seminar Series, Illinois
Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL , February 23, 2011 (Invited).
24. “In-situ Micrometer Scale Measurements for Porous Electrodes,” Fuel Cell Research Centre –
National Research Council Canada (FCRC-NRC) Fifth Annual Colloquium on Fuel Cell and
Hydrogen Technologies, Kingston, ON, Canada, December 14, 2010 (Invited).
25. “In-situ Micrometer Scale Measurements for Porous Electrodes,” Fall 2010 Colloids, Polymers
& Surfaces Seminar Series, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University,
Pittsburgh, PA, November 19, 2010 (Invited).
26. “Thermal and water management for miniature, passive fuel cells for portable power,” Panelist
and speaker, Panel on Thermal Management of Fuel Cells and Electric/Hybrid Vehicles, 8th
AIAA International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference, Nashville, TN, July 26, 2010
(Invited).
27. “Transport Phenomena in Fuel Cells,” National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL), US
Dept. of Energy, Morgantown, WV, Sept. 16, 2009 (Invited).
28. S. Litster, C.R. Buie, T. Fabian, J.K. Eaton and J.G. Santiago, “Active Water Management in
PEM Fuel Cells using Integrated Wicks and Electroosmotic Pumps,” 3rd Annual FCRC-NRC
Colloquium on Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Technologies, Toronto, ON, Dec. 4, 2008 (Invited).
29. Fall 2008 Seminar Series, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University,
Nov. 21, 2008 (Invited).
30. UVic/Ballard Water Management Tools Workshop, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC,
Nov. 14, 2008 (Invited).
31. Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, March 12, 2008
(Invited).
32. Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland, March 7, 2008 (Invited).
33. Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, Feb. 5, 2008
(Invited).
34. Alternative/Sustainable Energy Seminar Series, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada,
February 1, 2008 (Invited).
35. “Ex situ Visualization of Liquid Water Transport in PEM Fuel Cell Gas Diffusion Layers,”
Ballard Power Systems, Vancouver, Canada, April 15, 2005 (Invited).
36. “Microstructured Fuel Cells and Microscale Two-phase Transport,” Swiss Federal Institute of
Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland, February 6, 2005 (Invited).
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Conference Presentations
1. S. Litster, B. Ha, D. Kim, and J.G. Santiago, “A Two-Liquid Electroosmotic Pump for Portable
Drug Delivery,” ASME IMECE, Seattle, WA, Nov. 11-15, 2007.
2. S. Litster, C.R. Buie, T. Fabian, J.K. Eaton and J.G. Santiago, “Active Water Management in
PEM Fuel Cells using Electroosmotic Pumps,” ASME’s 5th International Conference on
Fuel Cell Science, Engineering, and Technology, New York, NY, June 18-20, 2007.
3. S. Litster, C.R. Buie, T. Fabian, J.D. Posner, F.B. Prinz, J.K. Eaton and J.G. Santiago, “Fuel Cell
Water Management using Electroosmotic Pumps,” 2007 Thermal and Fluid Sciences Affiliates
and Sponsors Conference, Stanford, CA, February 7-8, 2007.
4. S. Litster, C.R. Buie, T. Fabian, J.D. Posner, and J.G. Santiago, “Water Management in a 25 cm2
PEM Fuel Cell with Electroosmotic Pumping,” AIChE Annual Meeting, November 12-17, 2006;
San Francisco, CA. 2006.
5. S. Litster, A. Bazylak, D. Sinton, and N. Djilali, "Water Transport in Gas Diffusion Layers of
PEMFCs," 210th Meeting of The Electrochemical Society, Cancun, Mexico, 2006.
6. S. Litster and N. Djilali, "Performance Analysis of Air-Breathing Fuel Cells," 210th Meeting of
The Electrochemical Society, Cancun, Mexico, 2006.
7. S. Litster, C.R. Buie, J.D. Posner, T. Fabian, S.-W. Cha, F.B. Prinz, J.K. Eaton and J.G. Santiago,
“Water Removal in a 25 cm2 PEM Fuel Cell using Electroosmotic Pumps,” Seoul National Univ.
-Stanford Univ. Student Joint Workshop, Stanford, CA, June 27, 2006.
8. S. Litster and N. Djilali, “An Analytical Model of the Membrane Electrode Assembly in a
PEMFC,” ASME’s 3rd International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and
Technology, Ypsilanti, MI, May 23-25, 2005.
9. S. Litster, “An analytical model of the membrane electrode assembly in a PEM fuel cell,” 2nd
Annual Mechanical Engineering Graduate Research Colloquium, Victoria, BC, May 17, 2005.
10. S. Litster, J.G. Pharoah and N. Djilali, “Flow And Mass Transfer In Helical Pipes,” 13th Int.
Symp. Transport Phenomena, Victoria, BC, July 14-18, 2002.
Patents and Intellectual Property
1. T. Fabian, S. Litster, J.G. Santiago, C. Buie, J. Sasahara, T. Kubota, “Heat and Water
Management Device and Method in Fuel Cells,” US Patent 784693, 2010.
2. G.F. McLean, J. Schrooten, S. Litster, “Covers for Electrochemical Cells and Related Methods,”
US Patent 8080325, 2011.
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Funding
Cumulative total funding to Carnegie Mellon of $3.01M ($2.51M as PI).
As PI
1. Collaborative Fuel Cell Research with Visiting Scholar, Hyundai Motor Corporation, Fall 2014Summer 2015.
2. Using electric field and capillarity for particle self-assembly into adjustable monolayers,
National Science Foundation, May 1, 2011 – April 30, 2015. (Transferred from N. Aubry).
3. CIT Equipment Grant, Laser micro-mill, CMU College of Engineering, Spring 2014.
4. MRI: Acquisition of a 50 nm resolution X-ray computed tomography instrument, National
Science Foundation, Sept. 1, 2012 – August 31, 2013, Co-PIs: M. De Graef, G. Fedder, A.
Feinberg, R. Sullivan.
5. Two-phase flow instabilities in large arrays of microchannels in low temperature fuel cells,
National Science Foundation, PI, September 2011 – August 2014.
6. CAREER: Micro-structured scaffolds for through-plane porous electrode diagnostics and design,
National Science Foundation CAREER Award, PI, January 2011 – December 2015.
7. Physicochemical Transport in Ultra-Thick Battery Electrodes for Large-scale Energy Storage,
Pennsylvania Infrastructure Technology Alliance (PITA), PI (Co-PI: J. Whitacre), June 2010 –
May 2011.
8. Understanding Two-phase Flow in Fuel Cell Micro-channels: Experimental Analysis and Model
Development, Berkman Faculty Development Fund, PI, March 2009 – February 2010.
As Co- PI
1. Novel Functional Polymers For Use in Aqueous Electrolyte Energy Storage Devices (PI: J.
Whitacre, CMU), Pennsylvania Infrastructure Technology Alliance (PITA), January 2014December 2014.
2. Non-Precious Metal Fuel Cell Cathodes: Catalyst Development and Electrode Structure Design
(PI: P. Zelenay, Los Alamos National Laboratory), US Dept. of Energy.
3. Interfaces and Related Losses in PEM Fuel Cells: Theoretical and Experimental Studies, Co-PI
(PI: E.C. Kumbur, Drexel University), National Science Foundation, May 2011-April 2014.
Membership and Activities in Professional Societies
1. Treasurer, Pittsburgh Section of the Electrochemical Society
2. Member, American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME).
3. Member, The Electrochemical Society (ECS).
Shawn Edward Litster
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Conference organizing
1. Advisory Committee, ACS Colloid and Surface Science Symposium, Pittsburgh, PA, 2015
2. Session chair, Fall meeting of the Electrochemical Society, San Francisco, October, 2013.
3. Session chair, Fall meeting of the Electrochemical Society, Honolulu, HI, October 7-12, 2012.
4. Session organizer, ASME Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology Conference, San
Diego, July 23-26, 2012.
5. Session chair, Fall meeting of the Electrochemical Society, Boston, MA, October 9-14, 2011
6. Session organizer, ASME Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology Conference,
Washington, DC, August 7-10, 2011.
7. Session chair, Fall meeting of the Electrochemical Society, Las Vegas, NV, October 10-15,
2010.
8. Organizer and Moderator (with P.P. Muhkerjee), Panel on “Thermal and Water Management in
Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells,” 14th International Heat Transfer Conference, Washington, DC,
August 8-13, 2010.
9. Session organizer, ASME Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology Conference,
Brooklyn, NY, June 8-10, 2010.
10. Session organizer, ASME Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer International Conference,
Shanghai, China, December 18-21, 2009.
11. Session organizer, ASME Energy Sustainability Conference, San Francisco, CA, July 19-23,
2009.
12. Session co-organizer, ASME Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology Conference,
Newport Beach, CA, June 8-10, 2009.
Academic and Internal Service
Bennett Conference Faculty Coordinator (Departmental research conference), 2014-present
Faculty advisor, Mechanical Engineering Graduate Student Organization, 2013-present
Graduate Education Committee, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2013-present.
Department Head Search Committee, Mechanical Engineering, 2012.
Organizer, Departmental Meetings on Energy Research, 2011-2012.
Seminar series coordinator, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2010-2011
Undergraduate Education Committee, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2008-2010.
Ph.D. research qualification exam committee, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2009-2014
Student coordinator, Thermal and Fluid Sciences Affiliates and Sponsors Conference, Stanford
University, 2007
Student Committee Member, Mechanical Engineering Multiphysics Faculty Search, Stanford
University, 2006
Co-organizer, IESVic/ NRC Institute for Fuel Cell Innovation Joint Workshop on Fuel Cells, 2004
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Fact Sheet

2014SUMMER 園内イベントタイムスケジュール - IPCわんわん動物園