csSsad& cSad ,d e/;Fkh laLFkku gS tks yksxks dks _.k nsus ds fy, tek, Lohdkj djrh gSA ,slh tek, tks ekWx
a ij ns; gks ysfdu
vktdy cSad lkjh forh; lsok, ,d Nr ds uhps miyC/k djkrs gS tSls&
Rimittance, Foreign exchange , Mutual fund, Insurance , Gold coin, Locker,
Banking structures (cSfd
a x <kapk)
1. Public sector (commercial bank )
2. Private sector bank
3. Development bank
4. Foreign bank
Commercial bank:1. SBI + Associate bank
 igyh cSd
a 1806 esa cSd
a vkWQ dydrk ds uke ls [kqyh
 bldk uke 1809 esa cSad vkWQ caxky gks x;kA
 1840 esa cSd
a vkWQ ckWEcs [kqykA
 1843 esa cSd
a vkWQ enzkl [kqykA
 ;s rhuks Pricidencial bank Fks tks ljdkj dk dke djrs rFkk flDds tkjh djrs Fks
 1861 esa gekjs ns’k esa igyh ckj Paper currency tkjh dh xbZA
 27 jan,1921 esa rhuksa cSad feydj Impirial bank cu x;k tks ns’k dk dsUnzh; cSad flDds tkjh djrk vkSj fjtZo
j[krk Fkk
 1 july 1955 esa bldk jk"Vh;dj.k dj fn;k vkSj SBI bank cu x;k ;g ljdkjh cSad gS blfy, bldk uke State
bank gSA bldk jk"Vh;dj.k 1956 esa fd;k
19 jk"Vªh;d`r cSd
a &
lcls iqjkuk cSad bykgkckn cSad 1865 esa [kqykA
Allahabad Bank PNB, Bank of India, Corporation bank, Indian bank, Bank of Baroda, Central bank
of India, Union bank of India, Vijaya bank , Uco bank, Indian Overseas bank, Oriential bank, Dena
bank, United bank of India, Punjab and sind bank, Bank of maharashtra, Andhra bank, Canara bank,
Syndicate Bank
 igyh ckj 19 july 1969 dks 14 cSd
a ks dk jk"Vªh;dj.k fd;k x;k ftudh 50 djksM :i;s FkhA
 nwljh ckj 15 april 1980 dks 6 cSad ftudh 200 djksM Fkh dk jk"Vªh;dj.k fd;k x;kA
jk"Vªh;dj.k dk dkj.k
1. [kkl vkneh ls vke vkneh dks cSad ls tksMuk
2. cSadks dk foLrkj
3. cSafdax dks lekt ls tksMukA
Private bank –22 cSad gSA
u;s izkbosV cSd
a ks dks 1999 esa ykblsla fn;s x;s izkbosV cSd
a ks esa govt. dh fgLlsnkjh dk gksrh gSA
ICICI, HDFC, AXIS , Kotak Mahindra , yash bank,
Foreign bank—1944 esa ykblsla fn;s x;s ;s 45 cSad gSA
HSBC, City bank, RBS, Dutch bank, federal bank, american express bank,
Development bank :Development bank long term ds fy, loan nsrs gS ;s cSad ns’k ds fodkl ds fy, dkjxkj lkfcr gq, A
SIDBI, IDBI, NABARD, EXIM, NHB
 SIDBI - Small Industrial development bank of India (head office- Lucknow)


bldh LFkkiuk 1990 esa gqbZ ;g lw{e ,ao y?kq m?kksx ds fodkl ds fy, _.k nsrk gS
;g xzkgd dks direct finance djrk gS vkSj bank dks Refinance djrk gSA
Micro Industry:- ftudk dke Investment service industry esa 10 yk[k rFkk service industry esa 25 yk[k rd
loan nsuk
Small Industry:- ftudk dk;Z service industry esa 2 djksM rFkk service industry esa 5 djksM rd dk loan nsukA
 NHB:- (National Housing Bank)- LFkkiuk 1988 esa (head office- Delhi )
;g NBFC ( Non Banking financial company) tks home loan nsrh gS mudk Regulator gSA ;g RBI dh lgk;d
laLFkku gS RBI dh 100% fgLlsnkjh bl cSad esa gSA
 IDBI :- Industrial development bank of India (head office- Mumbai) LFkkiuk 1964 esa ,d fodkl cSad ds :i esa
[kksyk FkkA
lgh ek;us esa development bank gS tks NksVs ls cMs loan nsrk gS
 EXIM Bank:- Export and Import bank LFkkiuk 1982 esa RBI ls vyx djds dh x;h ;g Export Import dk dke djrk
gS ;g Direct Finance djrk gSA Exporters dks lykg nsrk gS
 NABARD:- National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development Bank LFkkiuk 12 july 1982 (head officeMumbai)
;g RRB (Regional Rural Bank)dks ykblsl
a nsrk gSA
NABARD ds izeq[k dk;Z&
1. RRB vkSj Corporate bank dk supervision djrk gSA
2. ;g Bank dks Refinance djrk gSA
3. SHG (self help groups) dks promotion djrk gSA
4. Bank ds vf/kdkjh , NGO dks training nsrk gSA
SHG:- ;g 10 ls 15 yksxks dk lewg gksrk gSA tks viuh NksVh&2 cpr dks loan ds :i esa yksxks dks nsrs gS ;k fdlh vPNh ;kstuk esa
yxkdj /ku bDdBk djrs gSA rFkk izkIr /ku dks lHkh esa cjkcj forfjr djrs gSA
RRB (Regional Rural Bank) {ks=h; xzkeh.k cSad
Hkkjr esa xzkeh.k lk[k dh deh dks nwj djus ds mnns’; ls 2 oct 1975 dks LFkkiuk dhA
bu cSd
a ks dk mnns’; lhekUr d`"d y?kq d`"kd Hkwfeghu Jfed vkSj nLrdkjks dks _.k lqfo/kk miyC/k djuk vkSj mUgs
lkgwdkj ds paxqy ls NqM+kuk FkkA
 RBI:- Reserve Bank of India
 fgYVu ;ax deh’ku dh vuqlLFkk ds vk/kkj ij 1934 esa RBI Act cuk vkSj 1 April 1935 dks RBI dh LFkkiuk dj nh x;h
RBI dk igys eq[w ;ky; dksydrk esa Fkk 1937 esa eqEcbZ esa LFkkukUrj.k dj fn;k ;g igys Private sector cSad FkkA 1 jan
1949 dks bldk jk"Vh;dj.k dj fn;k x;kA
 blds 28 Regional office gSA
RBI ds izeq[k dk;Z
1. ;g cSadks dk cSad gSA
2. cSadks dks ykblsal nsrk gSA
3. cSad dks time to time fn’kkfunsZ’k nsrk gSA
4. cSadksa dks guide line nsrk gSA
5. cSadks dk off side vkSj on side fuj{k.k djrk gSA
6. ljdkj dk cSad gSA govt. dk forh; izca/ku djrk gSA
7. ljdkj ds epsZUV cSad dk dk;Z djrk gSA ljdkj ds bond csprk gSA
8. currency tkjh djrk gS 2 :Ik;s ls mij ds lHkh uksV tkjh djrk gSA 2 :i;s ls mij ds lHkh uksVks ij RBI dk governor
signature djrk gSA
uksV tkjh djus ds fy, 200 djksM+ dh fjtZo j[kuh iMrh gS rFkk 115 djksM+ dk lksuk vkSj 85 dh foreign currency
9. fons’kh eqnzk fund dks manage djrk gS & FEMA Act(Foreign Exchange Management Act) 1999 ds rgr
10. cSadk dks vfUre lgk;rk nsuk
11. Credit vkSj Monitoring tkjh djuk lk[k ,o ekSfnzd ;kstuk
 ekSfnzd uhfr fu/kkZj.k dss fy, RBI nks Rate tkjh djrh gS
1. Quantitative Rate (l[;kRed nj)
A. SLR- (Statutory Liquidity Ratio):- gj cSd
a dks viuh tekvks dk orZeku esa 23% govt. bond esa fuos’k djuk iMrk gS
bl ij C;kt feyrk gS 7 ls 8% ds chp A
B. CRR- (Cash Reserve Ratio):- cSad dks viuh tekvks dk orZeky esa 4% RBI ds ikl cash ds :i esa j[kuk iM+rk gS bl
ij C;kt ugha feyrkA
2. Qualitative Rate (xq.kkRed nj)
A. RR (Repo Rate):- fjtZo cSd
a dks vYidkfyd _.k 1 ls 14 fnu ds _.k fn;s tkrs gSA ;s _.k fjtZo cSd
a govt. bonds
ds against esa nsrk gS orZeku esa rate- 8%
B. RRR (Reverse Repo Rate):- tc cSd RBI ds ikl iSlk j[krk gS RBI bl ij C;kt nsrk gSA mls RRR dgrs gSA blesa
RBI bonds nsrk gS orZeku esa rate- 7%
C. MSF (Marginal Standard facility):- ;g ,d fnu dk m/kkj gksrk gSA tks RBI }kjk fdlh cSad dks fn;k tkrk gSA ;g
deposite ds against esa fn;k tkrk gSA rate- 9%
D. Base Rate :- ;g gj cSd dh vyx&2 nj gksrh gSA base rate ls de ij dksbZ cSad m/kkj ugha nsrk minimum rate
RBI r; djrk gS mlls de nj cSad ugh nsrs vkSj maximum rate bank [kqn r; djrk gSA
E. Bank Rate:- yEcs le; ds fy, cSd
a dks m/kkj fn;k tkrk gSA 6 ekg ds fy, A orZeku esa nj & 9 % gSA
 Lead banking – (vxz.kh cSad)
cSadks dks ,d Area Approch dk fl}kUr fn;k x;k ,d cSad ,d Area esa dke djs blds fy, ,d ftys esa ,d cSd
a dks vxz.kh
cSad (lead bank) cuk fn;k tk;s oks vU; cSadksa dks lkFk ysdj mudk leUo; (coordination ) djds ml ftys esa izkFkfed
{ks= _.k forj.k djok;s vkSj ftys esa ‘’kk[kkvksa dk foLrkj djok;sA
 Deposit :- (tek) Deposit eq[;r% nks izdkj dh gksrh gSA
1. Demand deposit
2. Term deposit
1. Demand deposit :- ,slh tek tks ekax ij okfil yh tkrh gS demand deposit dgykrh gSA blesa nks [kkrs eq[; gSA
A. Saving Account:- (cpr [kkrk)
 cpr [kkrk cpr ds fy, [kksyk tkrk gSA
 cpr [kkrs ij C;kt feyrk gS tks Minimum RBI }kjk r; fd;k tkrk gSA vkSj Maximum lHkh cSad viuh&2
C;kt r; djr gS A orZeku esa 4 % Minimum RBI }kjk r; gSA
 bu [kkrks ij C;kt daily basis (izfrfnu) ij Kkr fd;k tkrk gSA C;kt dk iSlk 6 month esa vkrk gSA
 buesa Transaction dh limit gkrh gS 6 ekg es 50 ckj ls T;knk ugha
B. Current Account (pkyw [kkrk)
 ;s O;kikj ds fy, [kksys tkrs gSA
 bu [kkrks ij dksbZ C;kt ugha feyrk
 bu [kkrks esa Transaction limit ugha gksrh gSA
 buesa overdraft dh facility gksrh gSA
2. Term deposit—( lkof/k tek)
,slh tek tks ,d fuf’pr le; ls igys ugha fudkyh tk ldrh gSA lkof/k tek dgykrh gSA ;s nks izdkj dh gksrh gSA
A. Fixed deposit (FD): blesa cash ,d lkFk tek gksrk gSA
 FD de ls de 7 fnu vkSj vf/kd ls vf/kd 10 lky rd ds fy, tek gksrh gSA
 FD ij /ku l;e ls igys fudkyus ij 1 % penelty yxrh gSA
B. Recurring deposit (RD): RD esa /ku fdLrksa esa tek gksrk gSA
 RD de ls de 6 ekg rFkk vf/kdre 10 lky rd
 FD vkSj RD ij C;kt leku feyrk gS tks Bank viuh [kqn nj r; djrs gSA
 RD dksa Hkh l;e ls igys fudkyus ij 1 % penelty yxrh gSA
 Type of Customer:1. Individual:- vdsyk O;fDr [kkrk [kksyrk gS rks KYC , Photo ID, Address proof, Pan card
2. Joint A/c :- Minimum 2 O;fDr rFkk Maximum 3 O;fDr ,d lkFk KYC , Photo ID, Address proof, Pan
card
3. Company A/C:- company or farm ds [kkrs ds fy,
 Memorandum of Association:- uke rFkk mnns’k authorize capital vkrs gSA
 Article of Association:- Internal management
 Register of Company:- Certification Tin Man
 Board of circulation: NRI (Non Resident Indian ):- og O;fDr tks ,d lky esa 182 fnu ls vf/kd India ls ckgj jgrk gS NRI dgykrk gSA ;s
eq[;rk% fuEu [kksy ldrs gSA
NRE (Non Resident External Account):- bl a/c esa Money ckgj ls vkrk gSaA but ;g a/c :i;s esa [kksys tkrs
gSA bl ij tax ugha yxrk gS blesa tek iwjk /ku ,d lkFk fons’k ys tk ldrs gSA
Documents- Passport, VISA
;g saving ;k current a/c gks ldrk gSA
 FCNR (Foreign currency Non Resident A/c):- ;g a/c fons’kh eqnzk esa [kksyk tkrk gSA fons’kh eqnzk tek gksrh gSA blesa
FD a/c de ls de 1 lky rFkk vf/kdre 5 lky gks ldrh gSA
 NRO (Non Resident Ordinary A/C) :- tks NRI Hkkjr esa dekbZ djrs gSA oks ;s [kkrk [kksy ldrs gSA blesa Foreign
currency ugha gksrhA
 Bank Customer Relationship :1. dksbZ Hkh [kkrs dh xksiuh;rk ugha crk;sxkA
2. xzkgd ds vkns’k dk ikyu djuk
3. a/c [kksyuk pass book tkjh djuk cheaque book tkjh djuk nsuk vkfn
4. fcuk lwpuk [kkrk can ugha dj ldrs de ls de 15 fnu dk uksfVl nsuk t:jh gSA
 Nomination (ukeadu):1. BR Act 45 ds vuqlkj [kkrs esa Nomination t:jh gSA , Nominee ,d ls vf/kd Hkh gks ldrs gSA
2. Nominee og O;fDr gksrk gS tks Account Holder dh eqR;q ds ckn ml /ku dk mRrjkf/kdkjh gksrk gSA
 Loan :- dksbZ Hkh bank loan nsus ls igys dqN formalty ns[krk gSA oks fuEu gS
1. Proper Identification of Customer- KYC , document ns[krk gSA
2. Field Investigation:- bles bank ns[krk gS fd ftl O;fDr us loan fy;k gS mlds ikl Proper lk/ku gS ;k ugha
pqdkus ds fy,A
3. Track Record:- Bank ml customer dk Track record CIBIL esa pSd djsxk fd igys ls rks dksbZ loan ugha ys j[kk
gS vxj ys j[kk gS vkSj pqdk;k ugh arks u;k loan ugha feysxkA
4. Purpose:- fdl mnns’; ds fy, loan fy;k x;k gSA
 Types of loan
1. Personal loan:- ;s loan O;fDr viuh lq[k lqfo/kk iwjk djus ds mnns’; ls ysrk gSA loand nsus ls igys bank
customer dh income dk L=ksr ns[ksxk ;s loan home ds fy, , vehicle, phone ds fy, vkfn
2. Business loan:- ;s loan income c<kus ds fy, fn;s tkrs gSA eky [kjhnus ds fy, fcfYM+x cukus ds fy, machinery
yxkus ds fy, vkfnA
3. Education loan:- vxj dksbZ O;fDr Hkkjr esa i<+rk gS rks 10 yk[k rd dk loan, vxj Hkkjr ds ckgj i<+rk gS rks 20
yk[k rd dk loan fn;k tk ldrk gSA
 Agriculture loan:- ;s fdlkuks ds fy, tkrs gSA
1. KCC:- (Kisan Credit Card ):- bl ij short term ds fy, loan fn;k tkrk gS ;g loan fdlku dks [kkn, cht, tksr,
Qly dh dVkbZ vkfn ds fy, fn;k tkrk gS 3 yk[k ds loan ij 7% C;kt mlls vf/kd ij 11% C;kt yxrk gSA vxj
dkbZ O;fDr le; ij loan pqdkrk gS rks 3% dh C;kt esa NwV feyrh gS vkSj C;kt 4% gh yxrk gSA bls 1 lky esa ,d ckj
pqdkuk gksrk gSA
2. KGC (Kisan Gold Card) :- bl ij loan long term ds fy, fn;k tkrk gSA fdlku dks land development ds fy,
, VSsDVj [kjhnus, bore well yxkus vkfn ds fy, fn;k tkrk gSA bls 5 ls 7 lky ds vUnj pqdkuk gksrk gSA
 KYC:- (Know your Customer):- KYC Act 2005
 ;g Black Money dks jksdus dk dke RkFkk customer dh proper tkudkjh nsrk gSA ;g 2005 esa ykxw gqvk Fkk
 KYC document:- PAN card, votar ID, Adhar card, Driving license, Rasan card vkfnA
 Anty money laundering Act 2002 ls dkys /ku dks jksdus ds fy,
 Money laundering :- black Moneydks white money esa cnyuk money laundering ds rjhds
1. Placement:- vyx&2 LFkkuks ij ;k vyx&2 cSadks esa /ku dks j[kuk
2. Lairing:- /ku ds mij /ku tek djkuk tSls 10 gtkj okil 10 gtkj tek djuk ,sls vkxs Hkh
3. Intrigration :- lkjs /ku dks ,d txg bDdBk djuk
 NPA:- (Non Performing Assets):
,sls [kkrs vxj dksbZ O;fDr C;kt dh fdLr 90 fnu rd ugha pqdkrk rks cSad ,sls [kkrs NPA dgykrs gSaA blls cSad dh vk;
vkuk can gks tkrh gSSA
 Remittance:- Means money transfer ,d LFkku ls nwljs LFkku ij Hkstuk ;g rhu types ds gksrs gSA
1. Intra bank:- ,d cSd dk mlh dh czkp money transfer fd;k tkrk gSA tSls SBI dk SBI dh nwljh czkp esa bles
Money CBS(core banking solution ) }kjk Transfer fd;k tkrk gSA
2. Inter bank:- blesa ,d cSd
a dk nwljh fdlh Hkh cSad esa money transfer gksrk gSA tSls SBI dk PNB esa baroda dk
obc esa vkfn blesa money transfer ds fy, NEFTrFkk RTGS dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
NEFT (National Electronic Fund Transfer ) :- blesa minimum vkSj maximum transfer dh dkbZ limit ugha
gksrhA
RTGS( Real Time Gross Settlement ):- blesa de ls de 2 yk[k : rFkk vf/kdre dksbZ limit ugha gksrhA
3. International Bank:- ,d ns’k ls nwljs ns’k esa Money transferds fy, blesa SWIFT dk use fd;k tkrk gSA
SWIFT- Society for world wide inter bank fund transfer
 ATM:- Automated Teller Machine
;g Mini bank dk dke djrk gSA TkkWy lQMZ csl us igyk ATM cuk;k
ATM ds dk;Z
 Bill pay, withdraw money , mobile recharge , money deposit , cheque deposit djuk vkfn
 Cheque :;g ,d Negotiable Instrument gS ftls [kkrsnkj (Drawer) }kjk cSad ij fuf’pr Amount pSd /kkjd (Payee)
dks nsus dk vkns’k gksrk gSA
1. Post dated cheque :- date ls igys dk cheque
2. Steal cheque :- 3 ekg iqjkuk pSd ftlds tkjh djus dh date 3 ekg igys dh gSA
3. Draft :- ;g ,d cSd
a }kjk mlh cSad dh nwljh ‘’kk[kk dks payment djus dk vkns’k gksrk gSA draft ds payment dks
jksd ugha ldrs gSA
Plastic money:- Debit card, Credit card, Smart card
 Financial Inclusion :- (forh; lekos’ku)
 bldk izeq[k dk;Z banking dks mu yksxks rd igqWpkuk gS tks yksx banking ls ugh tqMs gSA bldk izFke pj.k 2008 eas
izkjaEHk gqvk vkSj 2013 rd pyk izFke pj.k esa 73000 xko Identify fd, ftudh vkcknh ls vf/kd gSA F.I. esa bank ;k
rks ,sls xko esa branch [kksysxk ftu xko esa branch [kksyuk vklku ugha ogWk ij BC (Business
Correspondence )fu;qfDr djsxk tks banking facilities miyC/k djk;sxkA
 F. I. dk nwljk pj.k 2013 ls 2016 rd 1000 vkcknh okys xkWo dks identify djuk tks banking ls ugha tqMs+
 F. I. esa yksxks dks No frill A/c ;k KYC norms iwjk ugha dj ikrs muds fy, BSBDA [kkrs [kksys tkrs gSA
BSBDA:- Basic saving bank deposit account :;s [kkrs 0 cSysl ij [kksys tkrs gSA bles ,d lky esa 50000 ls T;knk tek ugh dj ldrs ,d lkFk 10000 ls
T;knk u rks tek djk ldrs gS u gh fudky ldrs gSA
 Business Correspondent (BC) (O;olk; izfrfuf/k)
BC bank dk ,d Retail agent gksrk gSA tks yksxks dks limited banking services miyC/k djkrk gS tks yksx
banking ls ugha tqMs+ gq, gSA
BC dkSu gks ldrk gSA
dksbZ Hkh Society , SHG(Self help Groups) dksbZ Hkh fdjkus dh nqdku okyk, fjVk;j vf/kdkjh vkfn
BC ds fy, t:jh gS&%
BC appoint djus ls igys bank mlds ckjs esa tkurk gS fd lekt esa ;k xkWo esa yksx ml ij Trust djrs gSA ;k ughA
BC financial sound gksuk pkfg,A
BC ds dke&%
 BC yksxks dks banking service ls lEcfU/kr limited facilities nsrk gSA tSls yksxks ds account [kksyuk yksxks dks
_.k nsuk, yksxks esa Awarness ykuk banking ds izfr, yksxks dh tek Lohdkj djuk, yksxks dk /ku fudyokus dh
lqfo/kk nsukA
 BC ds ikl ,d POS (Point of sales ) e’khu gksrh gS ftles Customer dk Data base gksrk gSA ml e’khu ds
}kjk o
customer dh igpku djrk gS rFkk phone line ls connect djds mldh information bank dks transfer
djrk gSA
 Business Facilitator (BF):;g Hkh bank dk agent gksrk gSA bldk dke yksxks dks banking service ds ckjs esa tkudkjh nsuk yksxks dks motivate
djuk , awareness, account form CkkVuk collect djuk vkfn ;g yksxks dks Transaction facility mtyC/k ugha
djrkA Transaction facility flQZ BC miyC/k djokrk gSA
EFT:- (Electronic Fund Transfer)
,d [kkrs ls nwljs [kkrs esa Money transfer djuk gS rks EFT dk use djrs gSA ATM Hkh blh ij dk;Z djrk gSA
 Insurance:Hkfo"; esa gksus okyh gkfu dh Recovery ds fy, orZeku esa provision djrs gSA bls insurance dgrs gSA
Insurance nks izdkj ds gksrs gSA
1. General
2. Life
;g No profit ij dke djrk gSA
Life insurance :- thou dk insurance bl ij claim e`R;q ds ckn fn;k tkrk gSA ;g flQZ thfor oLrq ;k O;fDr dk gksrk gSA
General insurance :- life ds vykok ftl Hkh oLrq dk insurance djrs gSA general insurance esa vkrk gSA
Risk:Risk og gS ftlls fdlh O;fDr ;k oLrq dks gkfu gksrh gSA
Peril:ftlls Risk iSnk gksrh gS mls Peril dgrs gSA tSls dSUlj ls risk iSnk gksrh gS e`R;q dh A
Hazard:ftldh otg ls gksus okyh Risk c<+ tk;s ;k peril ls gksus okyh risk dks c<+k ns hazard dgrs gS tSls flxjsV ihus ls
dSalj c<+rk gSA
Insurance principal:1. Principal of Insurable interest:- ftl oLrq dk insurance djuk gS mldh valuation djuk
2. Principal of at most good fait:- tks Hkh lwpuk gS oks fyf[kr esa gks vxj fyf[kr esa ugha gS vSj mlls risk iSnk gksrh gSA
rks claim ugha fn;k tk;sxkA
3. Principal of indemnity:- ftruk uqdlku gqvk gS mruh gh HkjikbZ mlls T;knk dk claim ugha feysxkA ;g principal
life insurance ij ykxw ugha gksrkA

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