Confidential - Procedures & Tools for PV inverters laboratory and field testing Roland Bründlinger Zoran Miletic Austrian Institute of Technology Energy Department Electrical Energy Systems Dienstag, 18. November 2014 This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement No 308991. Confidential - Agenda 1. AIT Intro 2. Procedures & Tools for PV inverter performance evaluation Procedures & Tools for PV inverter life time evaluation being under developed This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement No 308991. 2 Confidential - AIT Intro This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement No 308991. 3 Confidential - Energy Department AIT SmartEST Lab Grid simulation up to 480V, 46-65Hz, 3-phase, 800 kVA 3 independent laboratory grids, PV simulation 5 independent dynamic PV-Array Simulators: 1500 V, 1500 A, 960 kVA Environmental simulation Test chamber for performance and accelerated lifetime testing Temperature range -40°C to +120°C Humidity range: 10 % to 100 % RHThis project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement No 308991. 4 Confidential - PV inverter performance as part of the overall PV system performance This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement No 308991. 5 Confidential - PV Inverter Performance influence factors External • PV array characteristics (steady state and dynamic variations of the PV panel I/V curves due to nonuniformities of irradiance and temperature, ageing, cell mismatch, failures etc.) • Grid disturbances (grid voltage and frequency, unbalances) • Grid connection requirements compliance (e.g. limitation of active power curtailment, reactive power demand,…) • Ambient & Environmental conditions (temperature, RH, dust, PV array mounting angle and orientation,…) Internal • PV Inverter MPPT Efficiency • PV Inverter Electrical Efficiency • Self-consumption of the control system of the PV inverter • Self-consumption of additional systems (e.g. cooling systems…) • Internal limitations (max. voltage and current capacity, thermal derating etc.) • Malfunctions and faults • Ageing of components This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement No 308991. 6 Confidential - State of the Art Procedures & Tools for PV inverter performance evaluation Electrical performance evaluation o PV inverter electrical conversion efficiency o Nighttime and standby losses MPPT performance evaluation o Steady state conditions o Dynamically changing conditions o Non-ideal irradiance conditions (shading) This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement No 308991. 7 Confidential - PV inverter electrical performance evaluation Test suite Test Measured performance parameter Influence parameter Conversion efficiency over the whole specified DC input voltage and DC input power range. Influence of the ambient temperature on the conversion efficiency and the maximum power capability Influence of the grid conditions on the conversion efficiency Self-consumption of the inverter as well as additional auxiliary systems DC input characteristics DC/AC conversion efficiency ηCONV Weighted DC/AC conversion efficiency (EU/CEC) DC/AC conversion efficiency ηCONV Max. DC input power Max. AC output power DC/AC conversion efficiency ηCONV DC input voltage DC input power Ambient temperature AC grid voltage Self-consumption (day/night) Max. DC input current Max. DC input power Min./Max. DC input voltage Min/Max. MPP voltage AC grid voltage Ambient temperature AC grid voltage Grid settings (e.g. reactive power, power factor, power limitations) Ambient temperature Response of PV inverter to commands AC output active power AC grid voltage dispatched by plant controller and/or AC grid frequency AC output reactive power Grid settings (e.g. reactive distribution grid operator power, power factor, power This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement No 308991. limitations) AC output characteristics Max. AC output current Max. AC output power Min. AC output voltage Max. AC output voltage 8 Confidential - PV inverter MPPT performance evaluation Test suite Test Measured performance parameter Influence parameter Measurement of the MPPT performance under steady state conditions MPPT efficiency ηMPPT Weighted MPPT conversion efficiency (EU/CEC) Measurement of the MPPT performance under variable (dynamic) conditions Dynamic MPPT efficiency ηMPPT,dyn Measurement of the MPPT performance under non-uniform irradiance conditions (“partial shading”) MPPT efficiency ηMPPT,shade MPP voltage MPP power Array I/V curve characteristics (e.g. Fill Factor, UMPP/Uoc ratio) MPP voltage MPP power irradiance level in-plane irradiance gradient (dG/dt) MPP voltage MPP power irradiance nonuniformity This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement No 308991. 9 Confidential - PV inverter performance evaluation Lab Test Setup • Single PV input This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement No 308991. 10 Confidential - PV inverter performance evaluation Lab Test Setup Multiple PV inputs This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement No 308991. 11 Confidential - PV Inverter Performance Evaluation Test data Power conversion efficiency MPPT efficiency This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement No 308991. 12 Confidential - PV Inverter MPP Tracking example – Start Up This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement No 308991. 13 Confidential - PV Inverter MPP Tracking example – partial shading This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement No 308991. 14 Confidential - Agenda 1. AIT Intro 2. Procedures & Tools for PV inverter performance evaluation 3. Procedures & Tools for PV inverter life time evaluation being under developed This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement No 308991. 15 Confidential - PV inverters Life Time Influence Factors PV Inverter design shortcomings and errors mitigated with DVT & Reliability testing (HALT/HASS) Parts/Components End_of_Life and malfunctions End_of_Life addressed with preventive maintenance/Service plan probability of malfunction assessed during design time (ie parts/components FIT and life time est) Marginal PV application conditions there are not established guidelines or procedures to asses influence of specific marginal application conditions Opportunity for development of Procedures and Tools for PV Inverter Life Time Estimation Evaluation This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement No 308991. 16 Confidential - PV inverter life time estimation evaluation Test suite under development Test Measured performance parameter Influence parameter Cold (Continental) Humidity Degradation, faults & failures Hot (Tropical) Humidity Degradation, faults & failures Cold Soak Start Degradation, faults & failures Desert Hot with high Solar Radiation Internal Ambient temperature Conductive Dust & Water Ingress test Penetration of elements Snow drift test Penetration of elements Dew point, RH, Ambient temperature fluctuations Dew point, RH, Ambient temperature fluctioations Vpv/Voc, Ambient temperature Power, UV, Ambient temperature Conductive dust & water Snow & Wind Sand storm test Penetration of elements Sand & Wind Salt & Fog test Degradation Salt & Fog, Corrosion This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement No 308991. 17 Confidential - PV applications This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement No 308991. Confidential - PV inverter life time estimation evaluation Test suite under development Completion expected end of Q4/2014 Thank you for your attention! This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement No 308991. 19
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