This project is financed by the European Union and the Republic of Turkey TR2009/0327.03-01/001 Technical Assistance for Implementation Capacity for the Environmental Noise Directive (EuropeAid/131352/D/SER/TR) Çevresel Gürültü Direktifinin Uygulama Kapasitesi için Teknik Yardım Projesi Technical Assistance for Implementation Capacity for the Environmental Noise Directive Challenges Implementing Noise Mapping Standards in Software Simon SHILTON, Key Expert 2 Preparation of Environmental Noise Models – 20 February 2014 This project is financed by the European Union and the Republic of Turkey Technical Assistance for Implementation Capacity for the Environmental Noise Directive EuropeAid/131352/D/SER/TR Overview • • • • Implementing noise standards in software Good practice Emerging solutions Conclusions Preparation of Environmental Noise Models – 20 February 2014 This project is financed by the European Union and the Republic of Turkey Technical Assistance for Implementation Capacity for the Environmental Noise Directive EuropeAid/131352/D/SER/TR IMPLEMENTING NOISE STANDARDS IN SOFTWARE Preparation of Environmental Noise Models – 20 February 2014 This project is financed by the European Union and the Republic of Turkey Technical Assistance for Implementation Capacity for the Environmental Noise Directive EuropeAid/131352/D/SER/TR Multiple methods • Many noise calculation methods have been developed, including: – General: ISO 9613-2, Harmonoise, MSZ 15036 – Road: RLS 90, DIN 18005, RVS 3.02, NMPB/XPS 31-133, CRTN (L10 and LAeq), UT2.1-302 – Industry: VDI 2714/ 2720 /2571, DIN 18005, DIN 18005, ÖAL 28, BS 5228, DAL 32 – Rail: SCHALL 03, DIN 18005, AKUSTIK 04, TRANSRAPID, ÖAL 30 (ÖNORM S 5011), CRN, RMR/SRM II, RLM2/ISO, MSZ 2904 – Aircraft: ECAC 29, AzB, AzB-L, DIN 45684, LBF Preparation of Environmental Noise Models – 20 February 2014 Technical Assistance for Implementation Capacity for the Environmental Noise Directive EuropeAid/131352/D/SER/TR This project is financed by the European Union and the Republic of Turkey Challenges • In most cases there is no official helpdesk available for software developers to call upon to ask questions on the standard • The team which originally developed the (paper) standard has often been dissolved and has no funds for further support. • Implementing the standards into software brings two major challenges: – Interpreting the method. • Most noise calculation methods are not specific enough and not clear enough for reproducible software implementation. They contain unclear phrases and ambiguous algorithms. – Using general purpose GIS data. • The current standards give no guidance on how to convert general purpose GIS data into noise calculation data suited for the algorithms of the standard. Also in the standard only simple idealized case are described such as an infinite thin barrier. Preparation of Environmental Noise Models – 20 February 2014 This project is financed by the European Union and the Republic of Turkey Implementation A prediction standard is: • described on paper and laid down in a law, standard, a norm or a guideline Technical Assistance for Implementation Capacity for the Environmental Noise Directive EuropeAid/131352/D/SER/TR Standard Interpretation Software (recipe) (cook) (dinner) A prediction standard is not: • computer software Computer software is always an interpretation of a paper document. Two software programs based on the same standard may not necessarily give the same results. (Different cooks cook differently) Preparation of Environmental Noise Models – 20 February 2014 This project is financed by the European Union and the Republic of Turkey Technical Assistance for Implementation Capacity for the Environmental Noise Directive EuropeAid/131352/D/SER/TR Support for methods • Situation in 2001 • Some have improved, others have remained the same • A means of clarifying unclear text in a clear and open forum is required Preparation of Environmental Noise Models – 20 February 2014 This project is financed by the European Union and the Republic of Turkey Technical Assistance for Implementation Capacity for the Environmental Noise Directive EuropeAid/131352/D/SER/TR Basis of the standard • Standards are developed for different purposes and thus are more or less limited in their scopes. – For example, the UK road traffic noise calculation standard CRTN 1988 was designed for noise insulation grants >68 dB L A10,18hr and <300m from the main noise source. It is therefore likely to be less accurate at lower noise levels and greater distances. – ISO 9613 • “predicts the equivalent continuous A-weighted sound pressure level … under meteorological conditions favourable to propagation from sources of known sound emission. … These conditions are for downwind propagation, … or, equivalently, propagation under a well-developed moderate ground-based temperature inversion, such as commonly occurs at night. Inversion conditions over water surfaces are not covered and may result in higher sound pressure levels”. • When calculating ground effect “is applicable only to ground which is approximately flat, either horizontally or with a constant slope.” Preparation of Environmental Noise Models – 20 February 2014 This project is financed by the European Union and the Republic of Turkey Technical Assistance for Implementation Capacity for the Environmental Noise Directive EuropeAid/131352/D/SER/TR Propagation paths The engineering methods often describe simple paths • Type 1 – Diffraction • • Type 2 – Reflection • • Not always over multiple screens Not always for multiple reflections Type 3 – Lateral diffraction • Often not described But do not describe complex paths • • Type 2 - reflection plus diffraction Type 4 – reflection plus lateral diffraction Preparation of Environmental Noise Models – 20 February 2014 This project is financed by the European Union and the Republic of Turkey Technical Assistance for Implementation Capacity for the Environmental Noise Directive EuropeAid/131352/D/SER/TR Complex 3D geometry • Complex geometries requiring 3D path finders • However the complex paths described are not specifically described within the standards Preparation of Environmental Noise Models – 20 February 2014 This project is financed by the European Union and the Republic of Turkey Technical Assistance for Implementation Capacity for the Environmental Noise Directive EuropeAid/131352/D/SER/TR Expectations • The real world is more complex than the simple test cases within the standards • Detailed 3D model input data produces many complex situations where the user wants/needs to produce an answer • The methods do not describe how to make the result in such a case, however users will not accept a “no answer” result • The methods are thus frequently being used beyond their design scope, with software developers having to extend the range of application to meet the expectations of the users • Who is responsible? Preparation of Environmental Noise Models – 20 February 2014 This project is financed by the European Union and the Republic of Turkey Technical Assistance for Implementation Capacity for the Environmental Noise Directive EuropeAid/131352/D/SER/TR GOOD PRACTICE Preparation of Environmental Noise Models – 20 February 2014 This project is financed by the European Union and the Republic of Turkey Technical Assistance for Implementation Capacity for the Environmental Noise Directive EuropeAid/131352/D/SER/TR Good Practice • The major factors affecting good practice: – the clearness of the documentation of the standard – documentation of software functions and its implementation of the standard – quality assurance of software implementation – documentation of software settings in calculation results – the user’s knowledge of the standard – the user’s knowledge of the software – the user’s analysis of the quality and impact of the input data • Legislators, method developers, software developers and users share responsibility for result quality & must follow good practice Preparation of Environmental Noise Models – 20 February 2014 This project is financed by the European Union and the Republic of Turkey Technical Assistance for Implementation Capacity for the Environmental Noise Directive EuropeAid/131352/D/SER/TR Good Practice: Legislators & Method Developers • Develop test cases and document the standards – Improves knowledge on scope and accuracy of the standard, enables a better and less variable implementation of the standard in software, giving more repeatable results • Develop test cases and correct documentation of standards during the development and selection of new methods – Improves knowledge on scope and accuracy of the standard, enables a better and less variable implementation of the standard in software, giving more repeatable results • Recurring user certification of environmental noise assessors – Some countries such as Denmark require recurring user certification of environmental noise assessors for use of their work, including results from their calculations in legal issues Preparation of Environmental Noise Models – 20 February 2014 This project is financed by the European Union and the Republic of Turkey Technical Assistance for Implementation Capacity for the Environmental Noise Directive EuropeAid/131352/D/SER/TR Good Practice: Legislators • Guidance on input data collection and use in different applications: – Specifications for GIS input/output data and data collection – Specification on degree of detail of the input data tailored for different noise mapping needs, e.g., strategic (global) noise mapping versus detailed (local) noise mapping for action planning – Standard scheme for the collection of information on the datasets used and processing procedures used – Specific conditions related to the definition and usage of “default” input data • Set up guidance on the competent use of noise assessment methods: – – – – – The relevant quality and quantity of input data Guidance on how to use, extract, extrapolate and manage input data Software calculation settings Software use and modelling A fixed methodology to attribute population exposure to noise levels Preparation of Environmental Noise Models – 20 February 2014 This project is financed by the European Union and the Republic of Turkey Technical Assistance for Implementation Capacity for the Environmental Noise Directive EuropeAid/131352/D/SER/TR Good Practice: Software developers • Adequately documents the software’s functionality • Document how the standard is implemented in the software • Provide test case models from standards, where applicable, as part of standard software package • Comply with software QA and verification methods such as the Nordic method • Improve quality and extent of guidance and advisory documentation – matches the most frequent use situation – Properly describes various users controlled calculation settings, including risks of misuse Preparation of Environmental Noise Models – 20 February 2014 This project is financed by the European Union and the Republic of Turkey Technical Assistance for Implementation Capacity for the Environmental Noise Directive EuropeAid/131352/D/SER/TR Good Practice: Software developers • Reports of compliance results against test cases should include software calculation settings used: – Ensures that results can be repeated – Initial guidance on which settings are required or recommended for different tasks should be supplied provided • NOTE: The user has final responsibility for choice of settings depending on requirements to calculation accuracy (and calculation time) however they should be well informed Preparation of Environmental Noise Models – 20 February 2014 This project is financed by the European Union and the Republic of Turkey Technical Assistance for Implementation Capacity for the Environmental Noise Directive EuropeAid/131352/D/SER/TR Good Practice: Users • Read the Standards! • Which input parameters influence results the most and in what situations? – – – – Consult WG-AEN Good Practice Guide v2 Consult national guidance e.g. for Dutch railways, French roads Consult conference papers on experiences & accuracy implications Test effects of simplifications using the software and selected method on typical or actual cases • Gain knowledge of the standard to determine if and how best to simplify model input data without undue loss of accuracy • Investigate the calculation method’s sensitivity to input parameter variance • Visually inspect the results, are they plausible? Preparation of Environmental Noise Models – 20 February 2014 This project is financed by the European Union and the Republic of Turkey Technical Assistance for Implementation Capacity for the Environmental Noise Directive EuropeAid/131352/D/SER/TR Good Practice: Users • Knowledge of how calculation settings affect the performance of the software…………………………..………..but • Know also how they affect results! – Read the software’s manual – Attend initial training offered by the supplier – Perform tests on the effects of simplifications using one’s software and selected method and on typical or actual cases – Produce difference maps for different settings against a reference Preparation of Environmental Noise Models – 20 February 2014 This project is financed by the European Union and the Republic of Turkey Technical Assistance for Implementation Capacity for the Environmental Noise Directive EuropeAid/131352/D/SER/TR Good Practice: Users • Develop (additional) test cases – Test cases where multiple models with different levels of detail of input data can be compared in order to get an overview of the impact of results – Improves knowledge of the standard • Compare results with noise measurements – Compare results from measurements and calculations based on the same situation……but remember uncertainty – Improves knowledge of the standard Preparation of Environmental Noise Models – 20 February 2014 This project is financed by the European Union and the Republic of Turkey Technical Assistance for Implementation Capacity for the Environmental Noise Directive EuropeAid/131352/D/SER/TR EMERGING SOLUTIONS Preparation of Environmental Noise Models – 20 February 2014 This project is financed by the European Union and the Republic of Turkey Technical Assistance for Implementation Capacity for the Environmental Noise Directive EuropeAid/131352/D/SER/TR ISO/TC43/SC 1 WG56 • Draft ISO standard 17534 – Aims to improve: • Accuracy – approaching the correct calculation in agreement with the published method • Precision – reducing the spread of results obtained when using different software products – Sets responsibilities on: • Authority who develop standard to provide clear unambiguous text and documented test cases • Software developers to provide certification of test case results and explanations for any variations – Benefit to market with improved confidence Preparation of Environmental Noise Models – 20 February 2014 This project is financed by the European Union and the Republic of Turkey Technical Assistance for Implementation Capacity for the Environmental Noise Directive EuropeAid/131352/D/SER/TR Authority • Suggested that the group developing a standard should: – be a cross discipline collaboration: acousticians, mathematicians, software developers and data experts – provide the digital models and source code of the software (if applicable) used for the validation – provide test cases with idealised data and non idealised multipurpose GIS data • The authorities should: – set up a helpdesk on the method for users and software developers – publish additional guidelines and regular updates of the method – provide a way of validating conformance of the software with the method, such as the Nordtest method Preparation of Environmental Noise Models – 20 February 2014 This project is financed by the European Union and the Republic of Turkey Technical Assistance for Implementation Capacity for the Environmental Noise Directive EuropeAid/131352/D/SER/TR Nordtest Conformance of noise software Preparation of Environmental Noise Models – 20 February 2014 Technical Assistance for Implementation Capacity for the Environmental Noise Directive EuropeAid/131352/D/SER/TR This project is financed by the European Union and the Republic of Turkey Authority/Legislators • Technical Report – Ambiguous aspects of standards may be addressed in a technical report under the standard – May be produced by Legislators or software developers if Authority committee no longer behind the standard • “Test city” proposed to be made available for round-robin testing • NOTE: It is currently a draft, NOT an approved standard, it may change, possibly significantly Preparation of Environmental Noise Models – 20 February 2014 This project is financed by the European Union and the Republic of Turkey Technical Assistance for Implementation Capacity for the Environmental Noise Directive EuropeAid/131352/D/SER/TR DIN 45687 Test City “QSDO” Based upon the city of Dortmund in Germany • Falsified terrain model • Buildings, roads and bridges normalised for equivalent treatment in each several software tools • Available in QSI interchange format defined in DIN 45687 • RLS90 road method used as basis • Basis of “anonymous” round robin testing hosted by DIN Following 2nd iteration small number of significant variations which are being discussed within the DIN working group Preparation of Environmental Noise Models – 20 February 2014 This project is financed by the European Union and the Republic of Turkey Technical Assistance for Implementation Capacity for the Environmental Noise Directive EuropeAid/131352/D/SER/TR CONCLUSIONS Preparation of Environmental Noise Models – 20 February 2014 This project is financed by the European Union and the Republic of Turkey Technical Assistance for Implementation Capacity for the Environmental Noise Directive EuropeAid/131352/D/SER/TR Conclusions Preparation of Environmental Noise Models – 20 February 2014 This project is financed by the European Union and the Republic of Turkey Technical Assistance for Implementation Capacity for the Environmental Noise Directive EuropeAid/131352/D/SER/TR Thank you for your attention [email protected] Preparation of Environmental Noise Models – 20 February 2014
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