1 A Physics Toolkit
BIGIDEA
Write the Big ldea for this chapter.
Use the "What I Know" column to list the things you know about the Big !dea. Then list the
questions you have about the Big ldea in the "What I Want to Find Out" column. As you read the
chapter, fill in the "What I Learned" column.
KWL
What I Know
Whot
lwantto
Find
Out
Science Notebook. A Physics Toolkit
1
What t Learned
1 A Physics Toolkit
1 Methods
of Science
fmz(At,2(B.t,2(c),2(D),3(E)
I
6V&AX;W
lDIA
Write the Main ldea for this lesson.
Rrvr=s VocRsuLa*v
Recall and write the
science
s^lence
Nrw V*<nBUIA*Y
Use
physics
physics
definition of the ReviewVocabulary term.
your bookto define each term.
scientific methods
hypothesis
scierrtitic mdhods
control
independent variable
hypolhesis
dependent variable
model
control
scientific theory
scientific law
independert variable
6
o
E
@
=.
dependerrt variable
=
6l
d
fI
=
m
e
model
6'
sciertitictheory
scierftitic law
Science Notebook . A Physics Toolkit
2
1 Methods
of Science
Student Edition, pp. 4-7
(continued)
Write three sentences about physics and science.
What is physios?
.
Physicsis abranch ot
science.
. PhUsics involves Ihe study
of matter and energy.
Soientr*io Mdhods
.
Scientrtic mdhod is a
p alter n of inv esli g ati on al
Fill in the blanks of the flow chart below using information about
scientific methods.
procedures.
. there are seueral common
steps in invelngahonal
procedures.
Modify the
hypothesis.
Repeat
several
times.
'io
3
g
q
)
-3
I
=
@
o
o
E
o
Science Notebook. A Physics Toolkit
3
1
Methods of Science (continued)
Student Edition, pp. 7 -9
ldentify three main ideas about models.
Models
.
A model represents an idea,
evert, Jrrudttre, or oblect
fhat helps
people
understand it.
.
Models change a5 new
int orm ati on s le arn e d.
i
Soienl*ioTheories aod
Ldws
.
A scientitictheory is an
explanalion of ihings or
events based on knowledge
f*n
i.. I I
'.' tdentify two advantages of using computer simulations.
gainedtrom many
obser"tallons and
invesliga|ons.
.
A sciertrtic law is a
slalement abofi what
happens in nature and
seemslo betrue all
thelime.
Compare and contrast scientific theories and scientific laws by
completing the Venn diagram.
!o
E.
ta
scientific
theories
Both
scientific
Iaws
g
a
t
m
e
=
E
o
Science Notebook. A Physics Toolkit
4
1
Methods of Science (continued)
Student Edition, p.9
the Lirnitations
Write three true statements about the limitations of science.
rt
9oienoe
,
,
Science can explain many
Ihinqs aboullheworld.
Science does nol answer
opinion, value, or emalion
queslions.
5UN^MAPJ?E
How does the MAINIDEA for this section relate to the chaptert BIGIDEA?
{AEVIEW trr!
1. MAINIDEA
Summarize the steps you might use to carry out an investigation using
scientific methods.
.9
!
f
u
ig
u
E
@
!
o
t2.
o
U
Distinguish between a hypothesis and a scientific theory. ldentifu three ways in which
hypothesis can be tested.
Science Notebook. A Physics Toolkit
5
a
1
Methods of Science
3.
Describe why it is important for scientists to avoid bias.
4.
Explain why scientists use models. Give an example of a scientific model not mentioned
in this section.
5.
Explain why a scientific theory cannot become a scientific law.
(continued)
6. Analyze
Your friend conducts a survey, asking students in your school about lunches
provided by the cafeteria. She finds that 90 percent of students surveyed like pizza. She
concludes that this scientifically proves that everyone likes pizza.How would you
respond to her conclusion?
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=
6l
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E
h
7. CriticalThinking
An accepted value for free-fall acceleration is 9.8 m/s2. ln an
experiment with pendulums, you calculate that the value is 9.4 m/s2.Should the
accepted value be tossed out to accommodate your new finding? Explain.
Science Notebook. A Physics Toolkit
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o
3
1 A Physics Toolkit
2
Mathematics and Physics
tffi2lH)
$w&Eh! {DEA
Write the Main ldea for this section.
*rvr*w Vecn*uLeev
Recall and write the definition of the Review Vocabulary term.
5t
5t
Sew VoceBUTARY
Use
your bookto fill in the term that matches each definition.
method of treating units as algebraic quantities so they can be cancelled
valid digits in a measurement
Student Edition, pp. 10-1
,
E
(9
Explain why physicists use mathematics.
Malhematros in Physios
,
I
ig
1
?hysioists use the language
oi mathematics.
,
=
I
Quations represert
relalionships belween
measurements.
I
'=
o
Fill in the blanks about Sl Units.
5l Untts
.
5l unrts are used
by
The scientific notation for the prefix femto- is
. Sl
units
scientisls worldwide.
,
5l uses seven base ttnfts.
that are not base units are called
based on powers of
Science Notebook . A Physics Toolkit
7
units. Sl units are
2
Mathematics and Physics
Student Edition, pp.
1 1
-13
;:f,:1-
(continued)
i'1 ',r
ldentify the prefix that would be used to express
2,000,000,000 bytes of computer memory.
Dimensional Analysis
.
Dimensional analysis is a
mdhod of Irealinq unils as
alqebraic quartfties.
.
lt can be usedlo checklor
errors in calculdions.
Demonstrate how to use dimensional analysis by using it to convert
35 km/h to m/s.
StEnrttoant Figures
,
,
Siqniticanl iiqures are vali d
digits in a measurement.
llules must be used lo
currt ely d eI er mi n e th e
number of siqniiicant
tigures in a number.
ac
9olving Problems
, Problems can be solved
using a three-sfep ?rocess.
Write three bullet points about significant digits.
o
!
!6
o
=
a
Use
with Example Problem l.
i ] 1,\] : !
E
rl
trl
=
Use t'his oolumn tor
soratoh work and
sketohes.
a
o
Problem
DISTANCE,TIME, AND SPEED When a bus travels 253 km in 3.2 h, what
is the bus's average speed?
1.
ANALYZE AND SKETCH THE PROBLEM
KNOWNS
distance
UNKNOWN
:
:?
time:
Science Notebook . A Physics Toolkit
I
ll
2
Mathematics and Physics
fRY ff!
Student Edition, p.13
Use this aolumn
lor
soraloh work aod
(continued)
2.
@orrtinued)
SOLVEFORTHEUNKNOWN
Use
the speed equation.
sWohes.
Solve the equation for speed.
Substitute the knowns.
Complete the calculation.
3.
EVALUAtrE THE ANSWER
Use your answer
to calculate the distance the car traveled.
speedxtime
x._,-,
253km
problem.
The calculated distance matches the distance stated in the
This means the average speed is correct.
9urnhiAuTe
How does the MAINIDEA for this section relate to the chaptert BIGIDEA?
REVIEW IT!
8. MAINIDEA Why are concepts in physics described with formulas?
9.
Sl
Units What
is one advantage
to using 5l Units in science?
10. Dimensional Analysis How many kilohertz are 750 megahertz?
Science Notebook. A Physics Toolkit
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2
1
Mathematics and Physics (continued)
1. Dimensional Analysis How many seconds
12. Significant Figures
are in a leap year?
Solve the following problems, using the correct number
of
significant figures each time.
a.
10.8
b.
4.75 m
c.
139 cm
d. 13.789l11.3m1
9-8.2649
-
0.4168 m
x
2.3 cm
13. Solving Problems Rewrite
F
:
e.
6.201 cm
f.
1.6 km
Bqv to find v in terms of
F,
+
*
7.4 cm
1.62 m
f
*
0.68 m
*
12.0 cm
1200 cm
q, and B.
o
a=.
@
=
6l
f
=
c
14. criticalThinking Using values given in a problem and the equation of
distance = speed x time, you calculate a cart speed to be 290 km/h. ls this
a reasonable
answer? Why or why not? Under what circumstances might this be a reasonable
answer?
Science Notebook. A Physics Toolkit
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1 A Physics Toolkit
3
ffi
Data Collection
1 (A), 1 (B), 2(E), 2(H), 2(11,2(1,
2(K), 2(L), 3(A), 3(B), 3(C)
MAIN
IDEA
Write the Main ldea for this section.
Ervr=w VacReaLarv
Recall and write the definition of the Review Vocabulary term.
parallax
parallax
Flew 9oc*But*RY
Use your book
measurement
measurernerft
to define the term below.
precision
accuracy
Fill in theVenn diagram to compare and contrast precision and
accuracy.
o
E
E
Precision
Both
T
3
g
|J
=
@
.9
e
o
Science Notebook - A Physics Toolkit
11
Accuracy
3
Data Collection (conti nued)
Student
Ed iti on,
pp. 1 4-1 6
Describe a scenario in which you make an observation and record
measurement quantifying your observation.
a
What is meaeuremenl?
.
Meqsuremertt quarttties
observalianE.
,
Measurement is a
oomparison beiween an
unknown quanhll and a
standard.
amgaring Rssults
.
Meastfiements ofren are
Summarize the information about comparing results in three or four
bullet points.
recorded with unceriain\.
,
Mea5l)remenls aqree it
Ihey are within the margin
of urtoerlai$,1.
Preoisioo Yersus
Aoauraoy
,
?recisionisthe degree at
exaatness.
.
Aoou(ac\ is an aqreemert
t ith the accepted valtte.
Explain how you can improve the accuracy of an electronic scale before
measuring and how you can improve the precision of the measurement,
n
!
€=.
@
=
6r
il
+
=m
c
3
6trf
F{*? Compare and contrast precision and accuracy.
Science Notebook . A Physics Toolkit
72
3
Data Collection (conti nued)
Student Edition, pp. 1 6-1 9
Teohoiques
Explain how parallax affects a measurement.
ol Good
Measuremcnt
.
lnstrumefits musl be used
correcfly.
.
Measuremerts must be
made cowectly.
Describe Write a few short sentences describing each category.
Studcrfi-Driveo
Data AllecIlon
Soienlrtio ln4.ri4,
.
,
Dala can be quarritaTve or
qualrtalive.
Anserue resources and
prachce satdy
E
inlhe lab.
Use al flesources
ldentify each safety symbol and explain its importance.
o
i:
U
I
=
B
@
=
@
Z
E
a
o
U
tu
J,l
Science Notebook. A Physics Toolkit
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3 Data Collection (continued)
Student Edition, p.20
Evaluahng Soieotttio
ldentify three steps to take when considering a scientific explanation.
Then write one or two sentences explaining how you could apply
each step.
Explanatioos
Step
.
1
Science is a dynamic body
of knowledge.
,
Scierrtisfs must clasely
examine all inl orm ahon.
Step 3:
Science Notebook . A physics Toolkit
14
3
Data Collection (continued)
itu dent Editi on,
pp. 2'l
-23
Compare and contrast dependent and independent variables.
ldentrlying Yariables
,
Esperimerts musllesl only
one uariable.
, fiere are\tto kinds ot
variables.
Prcdioting Yalues
,
Sciefiisfs discover
relatronships and make
predictions.
,
G?5 ddermines an object's
latitu de, longrtu de,
elevafion.
an
d
Fill in the blanks about predicting values and
GPS.
Scientists use relationships in data to make
Positioning System, or
,
consists of
.The Global
satellites in orbit that
transmit data to receivers. GPS uses the
for time data,
because the atomic clock is more precise than standard household clocks.
5U,\i,\,tA
fl:lzt
How does the MAINIDEA for this section relate to the chapter's BIGIDEA?
E
,io
6
I
!
=
3
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.9
co
U
REVIEW IT!
15. MAINIDEA You find a micrometer (a tool used to measure objects to the nearest
0.001 mm) that has been badly bent. How would it compare to a new high-quality
meterstick in terms of its precision? lts accuracy?
Science Notebook . A Physics Toolkit
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3
Data Collection (continued)
16. Accuracy Some wooden rulers do not start with 0 at the edge, but have it set in a few
millimeters. How could this improve the accuracy of the ruler?
17. Summarize Why is it important to understand the use and conservation of resources,
as
well as proper disposal or recycling of lab materials?
18. Uncertainty Your friend tells you that his height
is 1 82 cm. ln your own words, explain
the range of heights allowed by this statement.
19. Precision A box has a length of 18.1 cm and a width of
19.2 cm, and it is 20.3 cm tall.
a.
What is its volume?
c. How tall is a stack of 12 of these boxes?
b.
How precise is the measurement
of length? Of volume?
d.
the
boxes?
How precise is the measurement of
height of one box? Of 12
g
E
6
=
3
;
+
=
g
20. CriticalThinking Your friend states in a report that the average time required for a car
to circle a 1.5-mi track was 65.414 s. This was measured by timing 7 laps using a clock
with a precision of 0.1
s.
How much confidence do you have in the results of the report?
Explain.
Science Notebook . A Physics Toolkit
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