Adult Aging Methods •  Macroscopic Methods •  Microscopic Methods ( e.g., osteon coun6ng, periodontosis, root transparency, alveolar bone loss, amino acid racemiza6on in den6n) 1
Age Determina6on: Later Years • 
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Symphysis pubis Auricular surface Cranial suture closure Sternal rib ends Dental aDri6on Degenera6ve changes Resorp6oin of cancellous bone 2
Symphysis Pubis Aging •  Todd (1920, 1921) •  Brooks (1955) •  McKern & Stewart (1957) •  Gilbert & McKern (1973) •  Suchey et al. Superior
Dorsalà * ßVentral
•  Ridging
•  Bellowing
•  Ossific nodules
*contact surface
Inferior
3
1
Changes in Ventral Margin (a) Right angle with pubic face
Source: Byers (2011)
(b)Ventral bevel/ (c) rampart (d) ventral margin
4
Dorsal Plateau & Extremi6es (a) 1-Without plateau;
2- with plateau
(b) 1- no extremities
2- forming
3- fully formed
5
Ossific Nodules and Rim Development in Pubic Symphysis (b) Arrows: rim
(a) Arrow:
ossific nodule
nodule
6
2
Todd Symphysis Pubis Aging 7
McKern & Stewart Method Dorsal Plateau
Ventral Plateau
Symphyseal Rim
8
Gilbert & McKern Method Female aging method
9
3
Suchey-­‐Brooks Males
Females
10
Auricular Aging Method Lovejoy et al. 1985
Auricular surface
Apex
Retroauricular area
11
Changes in Auricular Surface (a) Transverse
organization:
1=billows
2=striations
3= none
(b) Surface:
1= coarse
2= fine grained
1
2
12
4
Texture of auricular surface Striae
No transverse
organization
Billows
Fine grained in
young
Coarse
13
Porosity & Retroauricular Area macroporosity
(a)  microporosity
osteophytes
coarser
Retroauricular:
Youthful
14
Apical Ac6vity (a) thin
(b) thick
15
5
Porosity & Retroauricular Area (a)  Porosity
1= small
2= large
(b) Retroauricular
1=smooth
2=coarse
3=rugged
16
Apex changes Thickens
with age
thin
17
Suture Development 18
6
Cranial Suture Closure •  Meindl & Lovejoy (1985) •  Ectocranial •  Endocranial •  0= open •  1= slight •  2= marked •  3= complete closure 19
Sternal Rib End •  Iscan & Loth (1984, 1985) 20
5 Yr. Vs. 30+ Yrs. 21
7
Dental 18-23 Year Old
22
Age Changes Mandible Infant
Adult
Child/Adolescent
Old Age
23
Degenera6ve Joint Disease 24
8
Osteon Coun6ng 25
9

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