CONTENTS
( p p " j - ;.: ;.: v i j
I NTRDDtJ4::::1- I CJN
1.
Salvation, or the search for
1.1
Indii:tn
ff1i.)l1t:\<,·,-\:er·i.E:5:
1 .. 2
ThE~
<:~CE·
pl
of
inner freedom
s-,pac.t:.~s
t.hP. mone:\Ei:.er.. i
fr·ee:~dom
for·
£?<::.
in
thE·
conte;ct.
of
the l<al i
Yuga
::.
Emergence of Brahmanical monasteries
i.hf:
Up ani ?ad i c
pE:·r· i od -1: t:~ thE' t- i ~-0.' o·f U·,s;· Buddh i ~-·t.
c\Od thP J .~'l.i fi<:t lftOVE!nJE•nt <;:;
2. 2 The (3uvt.;;,s. Hnd t}-·,1.': Br·.:,d·;rr,,::,ni cal r·E·n,,<i ~;s;.o·,r,cs-:
2.::~. f:·,sc:Pt.icic.;,m
<£1r·,c1
j.t':::>
nev~
pr·.:,ct..i.·\:icnE·r·::;:
the ·rc::nt:r·ic:•:: .,
'
Sakt.::t:\::.,.
Yogi~'-~
:=:;v2'.mi:,: c·•.ncJ t.hE.": ecsoter-ic schDol~;.
2. 4l E
1y
:1Jf2 d i. E:;, v '"' l
Br· .::d·i llli:':fi i. c: .':d.
m eo r·,;;, os t. ;,:. ~r· i e =;
a=;
c E·rl'i: n::-~:, o ·t
S Ct C: i Et 1
-0! C t i \; i -'c :i t~· !:~~
2. 1 From
"''r.
NOTES
c::HAPTER
RENUNCIATORY VALUES, ASCETICISM AND MONASTIC
\pp. 1--6U>
ORDERS: THE EARLY BACKGROUND
I
1.1 Asceticism and non-attachment
1.2 Asceticism in the context of Brahmanical tradition
L~~; Institutionalization
of ascetic life: the BLtddhist and Jaina
experience
CHAPTER
II. 1 The Gupta
Brahmanis1n
I
I
THE IDEOLOGICAL AND INSTITUTIONAL BACKGROUND-I,
EARLY PHASE OF THE EVOLUTION OF BRAHI'lANICAL
MONASTIC INSTITUTIONS
(pp.61-152>
period,
general features and the development of
11. l. 1
Pr·c;~--E>upl;;,
II. 1..::::
·rh,~-;
l·I.l,~.)
The !3L.tpt,:{ i::iniJS· and sacr-r,,d
I I. l.
Th!:-!
lj.
Dupta
·timE'~'-:
c::mpit··e::~
thE· i rr.pl?r"i -=~1 i r-.ter·r·eqnurn
new times. <::!nd ne~\l E;t:yler.;;
ic'<clrrri. n.i. ~st.I"<Yt.:.i VE-
l.n:·q:lnning
r8l~gious
of
~;yst.em
kin,Jship
of
descentr-.;,}i:'~ecl
Guptt=t!<'>
s-;L-.-,It(~':
the
thP
<·:<nd
r·r:.:i.r:~
the
cd·
institutions in such distribution of power
II.~;: The historical transformation: The post-Gupta period
11.3 C~tegories of grants to Br~hma~as
II.4 The institution of the Matha: A brief sketch of linguistic
and organizational evolution
NOTES
APPENDIX-A
t::::!--tAPI-E.=:::f~--
I
I
THE
IDEOLOGICAL AND
INSTITUTIONAL
BACKGROUND-II: KINGSHIP AND RELIGION
IN EARLY MEDIEVAL NORTH INDIA (pp. 16•)-·:;•;;;1))
I
111.1 Some
major
early medieval dynasties of north India,
n?.l i gi ou!;; affi 1 i ati on and patronage
their
111.1..1 H.,r-;.;;i:1
Ill . .1..2 Tht~ Pr-eti:.ihi'tl'·o;,::;;
I J I • 1 • ~:, T lle F' ~d <.H::
II I. 1. ~:; The C£,1ndr <'-'~~-'
I I I . L b T! ./ E·~ G ·"' f) cj d !_;;
IlL L 7 T i l ~;· c a D c.i l 1 t:i ~=f'. <.3 1 <':1 c: Ll. r· i t;:;
II1 . 1."'F; ·r I ) F
e
C)y··
~:.;.,"<!r· .::i·/upa 1r a
11 I. 1. 9 TtH? F'.;:,r··,C~mar·a::.
I J :r • 1 • l i) r h '-'~ C 2. h ,;, man<:\ s or C i~ u h i:l n s
J ! l. 1.• 1 :l fhe Gt.thi le.~;. of 1''18~'-''-"". <:-Jnd Dhc:od
I I 1. l. 1::?. ~JthE":r· F(uy;d f<'Mr:i J. it:~s of thc\t. timE'
) Maitrakas of Valabhi
i L)
:i i :. )
.i /)
'/)
l
··.1i:
v
l< ~-~ k ,:;·1 i r· i''IS of
Sulkis of
\.in
a. ,,,kE!t.ch)
Bas.t ;:ir·
K6d~l6ka
BrH:\Liin.?.k<:-.r·"-i"-~
vii.) Bha~ja~ of Khi~Jali
1 ;: ) Bh.s\rd 0:·1s t:.lf R::t1.1dh
••
1
Bh<:1i\j<'1<::;,
lc1tt:.·l'·~
of
~<h.i.J':)J,::t.li
;.; :
Bhai'\j .::;.s c,f 1'1<-iyCwbh.::-mj
;-: .i . ;. [i;;,hgd<o-:, o+ l<.::t} i r'·,cJC:I
>: :i. i : ) G.~r~; q c.t ~s c)~f f:~vt~t a)·: a
>'.i·1)
~< .. , .'
b<:,ngz~.::;,
:l.;:;,tt::·r-·~
c1+
l<.;~lir·,gi::l
Ceil.! l. u k y c! ;:; of r'\,'-i 1:. t <Oifficl yCtr· 2"1 <.in d
>! ·v:. )
S C:t i n d h .::t··./ <::1 ~=~ rJt- J ~~t ;./ ;:, rJ r· r.:t t i::~t ::~
>: v J. : } 'y' a :1 a v ·""" s:.
>: vi i :. ) ~:;I 1 <-:< h ~ r ;;, <:-~ CJ f r.:: 6 h k <~ 1:1
AI:) o':\h :i 1 -':iP~t f.4.k <:i
~
111.:2 Ear-ly medieval kingship and Brahmanical asceticism
1J.J .:?.1 P:n;..:·.iE·nt kinc,.JEh·ip/e·.:,w1v medit:;·..,.·al kinQship, thE~ evolu-·
t i rJr, <:1.n d tiH-:· in ·f .1. ur::·n c ~.: f r· DlT: t hf:: es;ot.£H. i c. t. hc1.H;J ht
III.:-:.2 T!d? mo;·,,]iC pcn"lt=~r·s:. ,·~nd thE p:;~r·fect kinqc!clff!
III.2.::. Cnlt.
C:E'r·dJ·p<.;;h·:x:i.~d.
cul-l: cs·rd:r·f.:~~;': F'uri~ .:~ cla,.;,s;..i.c~d
Ci1:::.e C)f hc·li!::.i.~ic:i..'ll
kings:.hip
NOTES
CHAF"TER- IV:
1 \)• • •l
Vai,Qavism,
the
in Vai¥-ryavism
DOCTRINES, SECTS AND J-10NASTIC
ORGANIZATION
Devi cult and some monastic manifestations
1'..).1.1
\.-1 .:~:i~.;r;,avi~'-'·rfl~
IV.1.2
<::bout thE.> 'h.u snc:tvi:t c:ul t.
Vai¥Qavisrrs and the cult of Jagann~tha-Puru~cttama ir1
epi g1··.:1phi r.:al
01'· i
a
evl.
doctr·inBl
~-:·.Dme
and
ClLttline
denr.:t~t-=.
S!:;a
IV.2 Saivism and his contributions to Brahrnanical monasticism
IV.2.1
Frcm the orioins cf ~aivism
to §a~kara
IV.2.2 The LiAgam s;mbolism, ~aiva-tirthas and ~aiva-mathas
IV.2.2.1 Rajasthan
IV.2.2.2 Eastern Rajasthan and west Madhyade~e
I '.J .. 2 . . :2. :::; Tl1E· c:.1.l d k i r) 9 d orn . c)·f
''·12t 1 <::l \..' i.i
IV.2.2.4 The GaAga-Yamuna basin
1'._!.2.2.5 E<:~~-=.tE·~-n
Indi.~: : B~:mgal,
{ i"-1~11 \1-Jt:,)
Ckissa
i r1 r,1ctl..i h ~-/c·r --
i:OH)cl
E:<~~ter·n
r1adh·..,, 6l r:l t:.?:f .:.1
I\1 .. 2.2.6 The
C~:.mt.rcll
Region of
1"1e:tdhy~~dE!S'C:t,
Bi..=tcjhel-·
khe:"tnd, Bt..mdE-1 khetrH.i .:.=tnd Upper· Nar·m.:,:,c!a be:ts;.i. n
!l,). 2. :-2. 7 l3uj <.~r .. .:.1 t. Co,!t 5'.'t <:i 1 c\r· E·;~ s;. .:~nd the [iu 1 f of f<J-, .;;·•. m···
bhi:~t.
NOTES
APPENDIX A
APPENDIX B: Schematic presentation in chronological ordet·· of Sai·vite religious institutions mentioned in epigraphy
( pp. 389 ..··39:::.)
CHAPTER
V:
-'
THE PASUPATAS
AND THE MATTAMAYURAS
V.l The P~'upatas
~.> .. 1. l
ThE' Pa~.upatas c:of
we~.;tt:;?rn
1ndi .:01
i:W:d
tht?. centr·~; at
~.;om;;,-
n~,tha
V.1.2 The Pi~upatas in Madhyade&~
V.1.3 P~~upata activjtie$ in Rajasthan
V.l,L1 F'.~~~~upat.r::~·-p1~has
in
centn:ll
Indi<:1 .;.:;r;d thE' tr·<OlVE·l~; o+
Tr i pu y· ant i:tk .~1
V
?
The Mattama)Gras
V.2.1 The M~lava and Kadav~h~ branches
V. 2. 2 1'1i..=tt. t a m<:t ylir- iii s
.i. n M.:ilh ar· ;ash t r- <'t <-.:•.n d the-:~ rH..)I~ t hc~n·r ar· ~:~<:.1 !:> e:f
Deccan: the antecedent of the K~l~mukha movement
V. 2. ::; Som~:.; add i t). c.m .:::11 i..i oc: t I'" i n <::1 f E.'.' co\·(: ur· E'!:• o-f t h&::• 1·1.::; '\:. t t:ttnt:\yLW ;~ s
NOTES
I
CHAPTER
/
V I : TANTRISM AND SAl<TISM, KAPALII<AS AND KALAI'lUI<HA~
AND THEIR ROLE IN THE EARLY MEDIEVAL
BRAHMAN I CAL i"lONAST I CI SM
( pp. 1i-:56··-:.:: l-~~ >
/
VI. 1 Tantrism and Saktism
-_;I • 2 Kapal i kas
VI.3 Kal~mukhas Cor Karukas, or Karunikas)
CHAPT'ER
V I I : MONASTERIES OF EARLY MEDIEVAL NORTHERN INDIA
( pp. 514--~:.79)
VII.l Brahmanical
monasteries in
Himacaladesa and Viharadesa
'.JJ I .1.1.
'hhar·.:1deS:c:\
Ol'"
Upper
Uttara India: Kashmir,
Bihar·
VI I. 1. 2 Hi m.:.u: .:d EtdE·s.'.~ or Hi mac:h.:::l Fr_.<:ldesh
\i I I • 1 • ::. t< <:.'< s-rr.T r·
c.ot·· ~< <:H:.:.hm i r--
VIJ.2 Brahmanical
monasteries in Madhyade'a and their
inter--relation with neighbouring regions
'JII.::::. Brahmanical monasteries in western India
VII.3.1 Rajasthan
VI I . 3. 2 Guj i:H' i::Yt -Mah<:tr· c:tsh'll'· a
VII.4 Brahmanical
monasteries in near eastern India, Bangladesa,
Odra and K5sala and their relation with western and southern
India
'.Jl I. 4. 1 Clr-i r".\;:.a
'.1 I I. 4.:::.1 E:;:~r:>ter·n l'1<:1dhyBt F'l''i::1desh
CI-IAPTER
VI I
I
MATHAS: THEIR STRUCTURES AND INTERNAL
ORGANIZATION
(pp.~j80-6:sm
VI I J • l
V1II.2
Bengal
A monastic complex in eastern Madhya Pradesh and continuity of
its tradition in coastal Andhra : the G61dkiMatha and the Vi~v~'vara-Gb!akl-Matha.
V1II.2.1 The
controversy on
the :ins::.cr--iption £tbout
':.he
Gf5l <-:tk1-matha
V! I I. 2. 2 The.• new Gol' ak:i ·-matha:
Thr~· \li s':.ve£v<.u-a-G61. <.d=:'l--matha
.
.
VIIJ.2.3 The institution of the Sr5 Vi{v§~vara-G6~ak~-matha
/
The:~ inter· nal ol'· g a:·1 i z at. :i. Dn of
th ~2·
rH01'\i
Vi !SVE·sv cw·,:;,
Gc51 e:1ki -matha
VII1.2.5 The spirit~al lir1eage of the old G5~aki-matha
')Jli.2.6 The Gol.:~k1·-·matha <::tnd th~! Br·cthlniM1.ic:.:.:d ;:md rr:oneJstic.:d.
\,JI
I I . ~2. 4
instit~tions ~f easter--n Madhyade6a
VII1.3 Central Madhyade,a: the monastical complex at Chandrehe
VI I I. L"f Rajasthan: the Tripuru~a complex
VIII.4.1 The d~vadiTs1 problem
VI1I.4.2 Other staff
VIII.5 The
int?rnal
organizations of
elements
VIII.5.1 The head of the matha
the
Mathas:
the common
VIII.5.2 The educational role of the matha
mathas: common
'/( 1 I. ::.L :::. Ths·
pCli
orgc-:mi z.ett.i on and e>:ter·nal
nt~_;
in
li
nk.;!ge~;;
thei. r·
j. nt.r.~(·n.::d
NOTES
B I BL I DGFtAPHV
1. PRIMARY SOURCES
A. TEXTS : INDIAN
A.l Vedic texts
A.2 Buddhist and Jaina texts
A.2.1. Buddhist
A.3
A.4
A.5
A.b
A.7
A . . 2 ,. 2 '"1 i:t i r-. ,;t
Artha,~stra
and Dharma~Astras
texts
Tantric texts
Philosophical texts
Literary texts
Pura~ic
A. 7. 1 F'oetr·y
A.7.2 Historical
A.7.3 Dr.:~ma
literary texts
A.7.4 Prose and Narrative
B. TEXTS: NON-INDIAN
B. 1 Arabic (travellers and geographer-s)
B.2 Chinese traveller~s records
B.~:; Greek and other west.ern sources
6~.'i8
C. TEXTS: PUBLISHED IN SERIES
66t)
D. CATALOGUES OF MANUSCRIPTS
660
E.
ARCHA~LOGICAL
REPORTS AND OTHER TYPES OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL
MATERIAL
l>61
F. EPIGRAPHY
G. NUMISMATICS
2.
SECOND~RY
PUBLICATIONS
3. REFERENCE COLLECTIONS
6bf:;)
,
6 b' 0
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