Factors that affect sunflower development and herbicide injury

Factors that affect sunflower
development and herbicide injury
Brian Jenks
North Dakota State University
Head Deformation
Head Deformation
Head Deformation
• Headlands and overlaps
• Many grower phone calls
– More in 2007, much wetter than 2006
– Extreme cases
• Up to 50% yield loss
Assert
(Old U.S. Label)
Assert
(Canada Label)
Sunflower tolerance to Assert tank mixes
(2006)
Visual
injury
Treatment
Sel + NIS + AMS
Sel + Assert + NIS + AMS
Untreated
---%---
Deform
heads Yield
%
Jun
Jul
Jul 13
0
15
0
0
18
0
2
61
1
lb/A
1346
719
1428
(Authority)
(219 ml/ha)
*Spartan and Prowl applied PRE to entire study to control weeds (3 fl oz and 2.6 pt).
*POST treatments applied at 4- to 6-leaf sunflower; Assert applied at 0.8 pt (0.94 L/ha)
Sunflower tolerance to Assert tank mixes
(2007)
Visual
Deform
injury Height heads Yield
---%---
in
%
Jun Jul
Jul 6
Jul 29
6 9
Sel + Assert+NIS+AMS 27 38
Sel + Assert + NIS
27 30
Assert + NIS
19 18
Untreated
0 0
18.8
14.9
16.6
17.5
20.1
1
60
62
57
1
Treatment
Sel + NIS + AMS
lb/A
1669
835
805
852
1520
*Spartan and Prowl applied PRE to entire study to control weeds (3 fl oz and 2.6 pt).
(Authority)
(219 ml/ha)
*POST treatments applied at 4- to 6-leaf sunflower; Assert applied at 0.8 pt (0.94 L/ha)
June 26, 2007
6 DAT
Untreated
Select + NIS + AMS
June 26, 2007
6 DAT
Select + NIS + AMS
Assert + Select + NIS + AMS
June 26, 2007
6 DAT
Assert + Select + NIS + AMS
Assert + Select + NIS
June 26, 2007
6 DAT
Assert + Select + NIS
Assert + NIS
July 25, 2007
July 25, 2007
So why is injury occurring
even when applied according
to label?
Why does injury occur only
occasionally?
Sunflower tolerance to Assert
tank mixes (2008)
•
•
•
•
16 varieties
Assert + NIS
4- to 6-leaf stage
Label rate
No injury with any variety
Sunflower 2009
• Assert + NIS vs. Assert + Select + MSO
• 4-leaf vs 10-leaf
• 6, 12, 18 inches above canopy
Sunflower Injury:
NIS vs MSO and 4-leaf vs 10-leaf
• Less visual crop injury where Assert was
applied with NIS at the 4-leaf stage.
Sunflower Yield:
Assert + NIS vs. Assert + Select + MSO
• Yield with Assert + NIS averaged 224 lb/A
more than Assert + Select + MSO.
Sunflower Yield:
4-leaf vs. 10-leaf
• Yield with Assert applied at the 4-leaf
stage averaged 238 lb/A more than when
applied at the 10-leaf stage.
Sunflower Yield:
6, 12, 18 inch boom height
• Boom height did not affect sunflower
yield at 4-leaf, but lower boom height
tended to reduce yield at 10-leaf,
especially with MSO.
Sunflower yield from 10-leaf application
with varying boom height
3000
2500
lb/A
2000
10-lf / NIS
10-lf / MSO
1500
1000
500
0
18
12
6
Boom height (inches above canopy)
Assert
(U.S. Label)
 Must not be tank mixed with any herbicide or insecticide
 Use only NIS
 Do not use any other adjuvant type
 Do NOT use MSO
 Do not apply under drought/heat stress
 Apply to 2- to 8-leaf sunflower
 Less than 15 inches tall
 Use correct rate
Assert
(Canada Label)
Clearfield Sunflower
(U.S. Label)
• 2- to 8-leaf sunflower stage
• CL Sunflower: Do not use COC or MSO
• CL Sunflower Plus: May use COC or MSO
Canada Label
• Solo + Merge
• 2- to 8-leaf sunflower stage
• 1- to 4-leaf weed stage
Clearfield Sunflower
(2013)
• Grower used:
• Beyond (same ai as Solo)
• Select
• Linkage
o (basic blend: NIS+N+pH modifier)
Clearfield Sunflower
(2013)
• Grower used:
• Beyond (same ai as Solo)
• Select
• Linkage (NIS+N+pH modifier)
• Asana
• Folicur
Express Sunflower
(U.S. Label)
• 2-leaf to prior to bud stage
• NIS, COC or MSO
• N may be used
Canada Label
• 2- to 8-leaf sunflower stage
• Express + Hasten NT spray adjuvant
• Express + Poast Ultra Liquid Emulsifiable +
Hasten NT spray adjuvant
• Express + (Select/Centurion/Shadow) + Amigo
adjuvant
Conv
1. Grasses (foxtail, wioa)
E
2. Kochia (ALS S and R)
G-E
3. Canada thistle
N
4. Wild buckwheat
P-G
5. Marshelder (false ragweed) N-F
6. Common cocklebur
N
7. Pigweed species
G-E
8. Biennial wormwood
N-G
9. E. black nightshade
N-E
10. C. lambsquarters
G-E
11. Russian thistle
F-E
12. Mustard species
N-P
13. Common ragweed
N-P
CL
G
P
N
P
G-E
G-E
E
P
E
F
G-E
E
N-P
EX
N
P
F-G
F
E
N-F
G
N-P
P-F
G
E
E
N-P
Controlling Canada thistle in sunflower?
Untreated
?
Untreated
Two applications
of Express 0.33 oz
(Jun 10 & Jun 23)
One application of Express 0.33 oz (Jun 10)
2 apps
UNT
Late application (Jun 23)
Foxtail Barley Control
Foxtail barley
Foxtail Barley Control with Glyphosate
Veg growth
100%
Flower
Seed Fill
Seeds mature, leaves green
Control
80%
60%
0.54 lb/A
0.98 lb/A
40%
20%
0%
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sept
Foxtail Barley Control
Untreated
Fall Glyphosate
Applied Oct 1, 2012
Picture taken May 17, 2013
Assure
II
3.2 fl oz
4.9 fl oz
6.5 fl oz
9.7 fl oz
Figure 3. Foxtail barley shoot biomass after treatment with various rates of
quizalofop in 1996.
Adapted from Blackshaw et al. Weed Tech. 1998. 12:610-616
13 fl oz
False chamomile old growth control
Treatment a
Rate
Timing
Untreated / Gly
Gly / Gly
Gly + Lorox / Gly
Gly + Lorox + Metri / Gly
Gly + Lorox + Valor / Gly
Gly + Lorox + Pursuit / Gly
Gly + Valor / Gly
Gly + Valor / Gly
Gly
Gly + Olympus / Gly
LSD (0.05)
Unt / 22 oz
22 oz / 22 oz
22 oz + 2 lb / 22 oz
22 oz + 1.25 lb + 3 oz / 22 oz
22 oz + 1.25 lb + 2 oz / 22 oz
22 oz + 1.25 lb + 2 oz / 22 oz
22 oz + 2 oz / 22 oz
22 oz + 3 oz / 22 oz
22 oz
28 oz + 0.2 oz / 22 oz
Fall/Spring
Fall/Spring
Fall/Spring
Fall/Spring
Fall/Spring
Fall/Spring
Fall/Spring
Fall/Spring
Spring
Fall/Spring
May-29 Jun-26
----------%--------0
80
99
100
95
100
94
100
98
100
97
100
98
100
99
100
0
77
99
100
4.2
3.2
a Gly=Glyphosate;
Metri=Metribuzin
treatments applied Oct 1, 2012. Spring glyphosate applied May 29, 2013
c Old growth=plants emerged in the fall; New growth=plants that emerged in the spring
b Fall
1329
Sherwood, ND
False chamomile new growth control
Treatment a
Rate
Timing
Untreated / Gly
Gly / Gly
Gly + Lorox / Gly
Gly + Lorox + Metri / Gly
Gly + Lorox + Valor / Gly
Gly + Lorox + Pursuit / Gly
Gly + Valor / Gly
Gly + Valor / Gly
Gly
Gly + Olympus / Gly
LSD (0.05)
Unt / 22 oz
22 oz / 22 oz
22 oz + 2 lb / 22 oz
22 oz + 1.25 lb + 3 oz / 22 oz
22 oz + 1.25 lb + 2 oz / 22 oz
22 oz + 1.25 lb + 2 oz / 22 oz
22 oz + 2 oz / 22 oz
22 oz + 3 oz / 22 oz
22 oz
28 oz + 0.2 oz / 22 oz
Fall/Spring
Fall/Spring
Fall/Spring
Fall/Spring
Fall/Spring
Fall/Spring
Fall/Spring
Fall/Spring
Spring
Fall/Spring
May-29 Jun-26
----------%--------0
64
0
63
84
84
86
84
98
100
95
87
93
100
98
100
0
67
33
64
7.9
4.4
a Gly=Glyphosate;
Metri=Metribuzin
treatments applied Oct 1, 2012. Spring glyphosate applied May 29, 2013
c Old growth=plants emerged in the fall; New growth=plants that emerged in the spring
b Fall
1329
Sherwood, ND
False chamomile overall control
Treatment a
Rate
Timing
Untreated / Gly
Gly / Gly
Gly + Lorox / Gly
Gly + Lorox + Metri / Gly
Gly + Lorox + Valor / Gly
Gly + Lorox + Pursuit / Gly
Gly + Valor / Gly
Gly + Valor / Gly
Gly
Gly + Olympus / Gly
LSD (0.05)
Unt / 22 oz
22 oz / 22 oz
22 oz + 2 lb / 22 oz
22 oz + 1.25 lb + 3 oz / 22 oz
22 oz + 1.25 lb + 2 oz / 22 oz
22 oz + 1.25 lb + 2 oz / 22 oz
22 oz + 2 oz / 22 oz
22 oz + 3 oz / 22 oz
22 oz
28 oz + 0.2 oz / 22 oz
Fall/Spring
Fall/Spring
Fall/Spring
Fall/Spring
Fall/Spring
Fall/Spring
Fall/Spring
Fall/Spring
Spring
Fall/Spring
May-10 Jul-26
----------%--------0
60
96
63
73
75
63
74
92
93
80
66
95
95
97
97
0
68
97
72
8.9
11.4
a Gly=Glyphosate;
Metri=Metribuzin
treatments applied Oct 1, 2012. Spring glyphosate applied May 29, 2013
c Old growth=plants emerged in the fall; New growth=plants that emerged in the spring
b Fall
1329
Sherwood, ND
Effect of Heat on weed control with Glyphosate
• Have not seen antagonism on summer annual weeds
May 28
8 DAT
Heat 6-inch
104
Canada Thistle Control (2010)
Treatment
Timing
7 DAT
60 DAT
Heat
2-inch
88
23
15
88
74
38
85
30
17
85
Heat + Glyph
75
62
LSD
6.1
22.3
Glyph
Heat + Glyph
Heat
Glyph
1021
6-inch
Minot, ND

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