5. lecture

5.
Work with colors ﬁlls and outlines
We were talking about work with curves, colors and ﬁlls in chapter 3. In this chapter we will deeper
explain working with colors for ﬁlls and outlines. But before we do so we have to explain how different color models which enables mixing of colors and which computers uses for simulating real
colors Program Corel Draw offers mixing colors in color models RGB, CMYK, HSB, HLS, Lab, YIQ
and some others. It is important to mention that no color models are equivalent. Every color model
can describe only a part of visible spectre. Therefore is very important for all objects in graphic to
use the same color model. If objects were not using the same color model, we could see some
color changes on printed output of graphic. Another important thing is that human eye can see more
colors than any monitor or printer can show. But we can work with all the possible colors using different color models and see these color for example in direct colors from PANTONE pattern book or
in professional prints.
The most known and used color models are RGB and CMYK, which uses principle of mixing basic
colors. RGB system uses basic colors red/green/blue, and is used mostly for monitors, screens and
CCD chips used in digital cameras or scanner CCD sensors. CMYK model is using basic colors
cyan, magenta, yellow, black. These colors are optimal for printing documents, photographs, and all
printed output.
Other systems has basic components for example hue, intensity, brightness, color additions or
transits etc.
Select Color - universal tool for selecting colors
Program Corel Draw uses for selecting colors one universal tool Select Color in some different modiﬁcations and at all the places where the
color needs to be chosen. Dialog has three basic tabs - Models, Mixers,
Palettes.
The ﬁrst tab - Models - offers functions for selecting color in many different
color models and shows values of the color in different color systems.
The ﬁrst option - Model
offers change of color
model. There are many models in the list: CMY, CMYK, RGB, HSB, HLS,
Lab, YIQ, Greyscale and Registration Color. More about color models and colors will be written in
next chapters. For now we need to know only that RGB color model is best used for web graphic and
CMYK is the best choice for printed graphics. Bellow this option is the tool for interactive selecting
of the color. Default set is for HSB system (the right column is used for choosing
the hue and in the left square is used for selecting intensity and brightness for
selected hue). This system is the best for human understanding of colors. This
selecting of color can be changed into another one in potion under button Options/Color Viewers. All options are showed on the picture in the right and all
color selectors are showed on next page.
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HSB - Hue Based
HSB - Brightness Based
HSB - Wheel Based
RGB - 3D Additive
CMY - 3D Subtractive
CMYK - 3D Subtractive
In the right corner is option Reference which is used for showing original color and new
mixed color. Bellow this option is box called Components where can be set exact values
in selected color model (Model). Next to these dialogs is current color showed in alternate color system, which can be set in option Options/Value 2.
Semiﬁnal option in this tab is Name option, where can be chosen preset color
by its name. These colors are showed in the right in the main screen of program. The last useful options in this tab are buttons Add to Palette, Options,
OK, Cancel, Help. The ﬁst buttons adds our color into the palette. Button Options was mentioned
before. Now about the others functions of this menu. Function Swap Colors changes color in part
Reference, Gamut Alarm allows turn on alerts if the color is out of gamut of color system (more
about gamut will be in the theory of 11 chapter). Next buttons accepts or cancels our color select or
call help about this dialog.
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Tab Mixers offers options for selecting more than one color at the same
time using presets color harmonies. Some options of this tab is the same as
were in the previous tab Models (see right picture) therefore we will talk only
about new options used for mixing colors, which consists of color wheel and
color grades below (color harmonies). The color wheel is used for selecting
main color and other colors which number can be set in menu. Color harmonies from these colors are automatically updated in color harmonies below.
Basic selections of Hues is: Primary - only one primary color, Complement
- complementary color for the main color, Triangle 1 - primary color, complementary color and the
third color. In this choice and all the rest is optional choice of changing also position of other colors.
Colors which can be moved over color circle are showed as white circles. Primary color is always
black circle. Triangle 2 - primary color and two other colors in isosceles triangle. Rectangle - primary, complementary and third and fourth color creating rectangle in color circle. Pentagon - primary
color and another four color symmetrically over color circle creating pentagram.
Option Variation selects type of color harmony and the scrollbar Size sets the number of colors in
color harmony. Types of harmonies are: None - the same option as Size = 1. Cooler - grade from
the main color to colder colors (based on blue color), Warmer - grade from the main color to warmer
colors (based on red color), Darker - grade from the main color to darker colors (black), Lighter
- grade from the main color to lighter colors (white), Less Saturation - grade from the main color to
less saturated colors (grey).
Button Options has one new option - Mixers, where can be the color wheel
changed into square with grades between corners (Options/Mixers/Color
Blend) - see right picture. The color in the corners can be changed and the
colors in the square are updated. The number of grades in the color square
can be changed from 3x3 to 32x32 moving srollbar bellow.
The tab Palettes shows selecting of colors from direct palettes. There
is plenty of pattern books from many companies. For example PANTONE,
TRUMATCH, FOCOLTONE and many others. Selecting of the pattern book
can be set in menu Palette. These direct colors are exactly deﬁned and can
be seen in printed pattern books for exact printed color. We will tell more
about them in next chapters. On the right from the list of patterns is icon for
other pattern books . After selecting pattern book all the colors is showed
and can be selected. Direct colors has a small square in the corner to differentiate from other colors. The last option is option for Tint, which can be selected from 0-100%
of direct color.
Button Options has one more functions - Value 1 and Value 2 for showing color values in selected
color models. Show color Names shows the color names for selected colors. If this option is not
set, the color name is showed in small help after moving cursor of the mouse over selected color.
Postscript Options is option for selecting type of interpolation selected color using the language
Postscript.
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Type of ﬁlls
Docker Object Properties, as was mentioned in chapter 3, shows most of the
properties of object. Properties of ﬁll is also here. Fill can be showed only on
closed curves (but if the object is not closed, the type of ﬁll can be changed and
will show after closing the curve). Type of ﬁlls are: Uniform Fill , Fountain Fill,
Pattern Fill, Texture Fill, Postscript Fill and No Fill (transparent). All these options are showed on the right picture in the order. Now we will tell about these ﬁlls
more:
Uniform Fill - one color ﬁll. You can select the color from a list of colors which
is the same as the right color palette. For mixing our own color is there
button Edit, which opens dialog explained before - Select Color.
Fountain Fill - gradient ﬁll. In basic selection you can
choose from four types of gradients (see the top
picture) - Linear, Radial, Conical, Square Fountain Fill. And only the ﬁrst and the last color of the
ﬁll can be changed. By clicking into the gradient
preview you can move the direction of the gradient or its center. But button Edit offers much more
options - see right picture. In the top, there is list
menu Type for choosing type of gradient (linear,
radial, ...). Option Center Offset is for all types except linear gradient and speciﬁes the center of the
gradient. Values are in percents and value 50%
means the edge of object. The frame Options offers extended options of gradient (not all option can be used for every gradient type).
Angle sets angle of rotation in grades 0-360, Edge Pad means the distance of gradient
end from the end of object. Steps sets the number of gradient steps. There is good to
leave automatic number of steps. Only in case we want exact number of steps is useful
to change it. All three options can by changed interactively in gradient preview window.
The frame Color Blend offers options for changing the color of the gradient and its position in the gradient. Using option Two Color offers only selecting beginning and ending
color of the gradient. Mid-poit sets the position of the middle color (middle color is the
color half of the ﬁrst and half of the last color). Icons left from the color circle offers to
change the way which will go the gradient through the color circle (can not be changed
interactively). This pass through the color circle is showed in the picture in the right.
Much more options for changing the gradient if we set to mode Custom, which offers to
us to create nearly any gradient. In this mode is showed the gradient from the ﬁrst color
to the last color and in the right is color selector. Double clicking on the top of the gradient
is created a black triangle showing position of the new color in the gradient. This color
can be set in the right color selector, or moved. Removing of any color can be done by
double clicking on it.
In the bottom is option for choosing preset gradients or option for saving our own gradient for using in the future.
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Pattern Fill - in basic choice is option to select from three types of pattern ﬁlls - Two Color
Bitmap Fill, Full Color Pattern Fill and Bitmap Pattern Fill. The ﬁrst option offers two
color patterns. Quality of these patterns is not very high (max 64x64 pixels), therefore it
is not recommended to use them. Next option offers vector pattern ﬁll in full color mode.
In extended options can be loaded own pattern and can be set the value of the scale,
rotation, skew, mirroring, etc. of the pattern. The last option is for bitmap pattern. This
option offers to load any bitmap and use it as a pattern for vector objects. This option can
be also used for loading picture and trim it using any vector shape.
Texture Fill - this kind of ﬁll has a big power for use. This type of
ﬁll is described by mathematical functions which are stored
in seven libraries. There is about 50 different functions in
these libraries and every have different parameters to set
(see picture in the right). Changing any parameter or the
color can be crated completely new effect. Variety of the
effects are unimaginable. These functions are computed
into the bitmaps at the end.
PostScript Fill - is a geometrical type of ﬁll described by the language PostScript. Use of this kind of ﬁll is a bit better than
Pattern Fill. But this type of ﬁll has only a few preset ﬁlls and in extended parameters
there is only a few options for every ﬁll to be changed (they are different for every one
type of ﬁll)
No Fill - this option sets the object transparent.
in the left toolbar. This
For applying the ﬁlls, there is one very good tool - Interactive Fill Tool
tool offers manually to set position or rotation of gradient or pattern ﬁll. For pattern ﬁlls there is option
for setting the size or skew of the pattern interactively. This tool is very good for fast and interactive
setting or editing of the ﬁll.
Another tool hidden under the button Interactive Fill Tool is Interactive Mesh
Fill Tool (key M), which changes existing ﬁll into the grid of points and lines over
the edges of object and inside the object. Every point of the grid can be moved or
colored. This tool offers drawing of nearly any color ﬁll - see right picture. This tool
is very good for precise color setting of object. Disadvantage of the tool is that it can
take a very long time to edit all points in a complex grid.
During the work with this tool, toolbar with extended options changes into:
Grid Size -the number of the lines in vertical and horizontal direction. More the lines is
more points is and more time it takes for editing.
- these functions are the same as for editing the curve points, described in chapter
3. Functions offers adding, deleting points, changing the type of arcs - from beziere to
line, etc.
Copy Mesh Fill Properties From - copies the mesh from other object. This function copies
only the number of points and its colors. Exact position of the points is lost.
Clear Mesh - this function keeps the number of the points, but clears their positions and the
colors of the points.
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