Technical Quality Sulzer Pumps

Technical Quality
Sulzer Pumps
Test Procedure (TP)
Page:
Non-destructive Testing – Radiographic Examination (RT) of castings
1 of 4
1.0
Scope
This procedure details the requirements for the radiographic examination (RT) of castings.
2.0
Reference standards
All standards, codes and norms refer to the last published edition and addenda, which has to be
adopted if customer is not requiring a former revision.
 EN ISO 5579:
Non-destructive Testing - Radiographic testing of metallic materials using film
and X- or gamma rays – Basic rules (former EN 444)
 EN ISO 19232-1/-5:
Non-destructive Testing - Image Quality of Radiographs
(former EN 462)
Part 1 (wire type) / Part 2 (step/hole type) / Part 3 (Image quality classes) / Part 4 (image quality levels) / Part 5 (duplex wire)
 EN ISO 9712:
Non-destructive Testing - Qualification and Certification of NDT Personnel
(former EN 473)
 EN ISO 11699-1: Non-destructive Testing – Part 1: Classification of Film Systems for Industrial
Radiography (former EN 584-1)
 ASTM E 1815:
Standard Test Method for Classification of Film Systems for Industrial
Radiography
 EN 12681:
Founding - Radiographic Examination
 ISO 9712
Non-destructive Testing – Qualification and certification of NDT Personnel
 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section V Article 2 - Radiographic Examination
 ASNT Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A; Personnel Qualification and Certification in Nondestructive Testing
3.0
Qualification of testing personnel
The personnel shall be qualified and certified according to ISO 9712, SNT-TC-1A or equivalent national standard (e.g. CAN/CGSB 48.9712).
An operator with RT-level 1 can perform an examination only under the supervision of personnel
qualified and certified RT-level 2 or higher.
Interpretation and evaluation of results shall only be carried out by personnel qualified and certified RTlevel 2 or higher, who is supervising the examination of RT-level 1 and evaluates the results. Both have
to sign the records.
All qualifications and certification must comply, in full, with at least one of the standards referenced in
Paragraph 2.0 of this document and, where applicable, should be in full compliance with the Project
Quality Plan (Inspection&Test Plan).
4.0
Examination conditions
4.1
Timing of examination
Testing shall be carried out in the manner defined in the project Quality Plan (Inspection&Test Plan),
both in chronological order and material condition.
4.2
Extent of examination
The extent or scope of the examination shall be as defined in the project Quality Plan (Inspection&Test
Plan).
Oct 23, 2014
Clarification in Sect. 10 and 11
Revision: 6 Date:
Amendment:
This document has been prepared & published under the authority of the Technical Quality Working Group
Uncontrolled valid at time of printing
Doc No:
TQ
TP-0007
Technical Quality
Sulzer Pumps
Test Procedure (TP)
Page:
Non-destructive Testing – Radiographic Examination (RT) of castings
2 of 4
5.0
Source
A suitable energy source shall be selected in accordance with the requirements of ASME V, T-272 or
EN 12681, Clause 6.
6.0
Surface preparation
Castings shall be radiographed after final heat treatment in the blast cleaned condition. All surface
irregularities that could mask or be confused with defects shall be dressed prior to radiographic examination.
7.0
Visual examination
Casting surfaces shall be visually inspected for defects that may impair the quality of the radiograph
produced.
8.0
Location markers
There shall be a clear and accurate identification of the examined areas and the corresponding radiographs accordance with ASME V, T-275 or EN 12681, Clause 9.
9.0
Identification of radiographs
Each radiograph shall have the following permanently included:
 unique identification of the casting
 unique identification of each radiography
 date of radiograph
 IQI
 location marker
A reference number for radiographs of repairs shall be clearly identified (e.g. suffixed with the letter "R"
and the repair sequence i.e. "R1", "R2", etc.).
10.0
Density of radiograph
The photographic density of the film shall be between 1.8 and 3.0 for films made with an X-ray source
and between 2.0 and 3.0 for films made with a gamma ray source, a density of 4.0 will be acceptable
providing adequate viewing facilities are available. The density of the film shall be checked using a
calibrated densitometer.
For composite viewing of multiple film exposures, each film of the composite set shall have a minimum
density of 1.3. The maximum density shall be 4.0 for either single or composite viewing.
11.0
Image quality indicators (IQI)
Image quality indicators shall be in accordance with ASME V, T-233 or EN ISO 19232-1/-5.
The penetrameter selection and essential hole/wire size shall comply with ASME V, table T-276 or
EN ISO 19232-1/-5..
The density variation between the area of interest and the body of the IQI or adjacent to the designed
wire of the IQI shall comply with ASME V, T-282.2
12.0
Geometric un-sharpness
The minimum source to film distance/source size combination to be used shall be such that the geometric un-sharpness value does not exceed the values given in ASME V, T-274 or EN ISO 5579
Clause 6.6.
Oct 23, 2014
Clarification in Sect. 10 and 11
Revision: 6 Date:
Amendment:
This document has been prepared & published under the authority of the Technical Quality Working Group
Uncontrolled valid at time of printing
Doc No:
TQ
TP-0007
Technical Quality
Sulzer Pumps
Test Procedure (TP)
Page:
Non-destructive Testing – Radiographic Examination (RT) of castings
3 of 4
13.0
Interception of unwanted and scattered radiation
If necessary the film shall be shielded from back scattered radiation by lead at least 1.6 mm thick
placed behind the film-screen combination. In order to reduce the effect of scattered radiation adequate
masking shall be provided so as to limit the area irradiated to the section under examination.
To verify acceptable backscatter radiation a lead symbol "B" shall be attached to the back of each film
holder during exposure in accordance with the requirements of ASME V, T-223 or EN ISO 5579 Clause
6.5.2.
14.0
Film type
Radiographic film shall be in accordance with ASTM E 1815 Type I or EN ISO 11699-1 Class C5 or
better.
15.0
Processing
The film shall be processed manually or automatically in accordance with requirements of the film system used. The film or the processing solution or both shall be agitated during development. The development time and temperature shall be in accordance with the film manufacturer’s recommendation.
The radiographs shall be free from processing imperfections or defects, which would interfere with
interpretation.
16.0
Method of test
All radiography shall be performed in accordance with ASME V, T-270 or EN 12681.
The direction of the central beam of radiation shall be centred on the area of interest.
A radiographic technique/shooting plan shall be prepared in accordance with this procedure and shall
be sufficiently comprehensive so as to enable the reproduction of the examination on subsequent castings.
17.0
Viewing
The radiographs shall be examined by diffused light in a darkened room with an illuminated area that
will not cause troublesome reflections, shadows or glare on the radiograph image. Ambient light in the
viewing area shall not exceed 30 Lux (lx).
Viewing equipment for interpretation shall include a light source sufficient for the essential penetrameter to be visible for the specified density range.
The films shall be free from all blemishes, mechanical damage or defects, which would interfere with
interpretation.
18.0
Assessment of indications
Due to diversity of project requirements defect acceptance will be as specified in the project Quality
Plan (Inspection&Test Plan). In the absence of a Quality Plan (Inspection&Test Plan) the Sulzer quality
organisation responsible for the project will advise in writing the appropriate acceptance standard.
Oct 23, 2014
Clarification in Sect. 10 and 11
Revision: 6 Date:
Amendment:
This document has been prepared & published under the authority of the Technical Quality Working Group
Uncontrolled valid at time of printing
Doc No:
TQ
TP-0007
Technical Quality
Sulzer Pumps
Test Procedure (TP)
Page:
Non-destructive Testing – Radiographic Examination (RT) of castings
4 of 4
19.0
Reporting
For each examination and for each item tested shall be completed a report. This report has to include
at least following information:
 Identification of the object tested
 Material thickness
 Test procedure (identification and revision)
 Extent of examination
 Restrictions which limit the effectiveness of the examination
 Equipment used (X-ray tube or isotope, focal spot size of X-ray or source size)
 Radiographic technique (sketch showing the geometric arrangement of the radiograph, together with the location markers and angle of beam to film)
 Film brand and type, screen and filter details
 Density range
 Type of IQI and sensitivity
 Processing technique
 Acceptance criteria
 Interpretation, results (type of defects)
 Date of examination
 Operators'/film viewers' name, qualification (Level) and signature
Components shall be clearly identified as being either acceptable or rejectable. Non-conforming areas
on components shall be marked on the components themselves, or where this is not possible on an
NDE defect map.
Oct 23, 2014
Clarification in Sect. 10 and 11
Revision: 6 Date:
Amendment:
This document has been prepared & published under the authority of the Technical Quality Working Group
Uncontrolled valid at time of printing
Doc No:
TQ
TP-0007

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