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J), ~ J-:> '\S)! \SlA.J), ~.) ~ ~ y.:&. ~,Ij y.};.- \SlA.;;.o1)4 ).) , o~ .~.)!.S" )~ ~ J-:> ...:.l:->6u.~'Y,k 0l..j J.lz>15" ),J.:.;... \S)l:.>L .)!.)...:.1)_;~ 4S ..:: \ \Slo.),.l=o J.l.o \SlA. o.)b "---!.lA... ...:: 1o~ o.)~1 'rOb Jb ).) \Sly' ~}Ib y; , ..5)Y!\SlA.U'" y; , ..,.J15jl J..=.>. \Sly'~lS:.. J:J.:>uo.)L J.l.o ~ .JlA... 0-1.').), o~ ~1}J-:> ~,lj ~ "'-!.,Ij ~ o.)~1 - .. 0~ '\S)~ ~.) ~ ) ~~ o.)~1 ~6u. ,ci yf ...:.)~ I) <.S!~ :\S~ ~ ~\k; \S~o)l, The Bending Angle Prediction, Using the Size of Microstructure Change in the Laser Forming Process S. J elvani M. Hoseinpour Gollo H. Moslemi Naeini and G.h. Liaghat Mech. Eng. Group Mohaghegh Ardabili Univ. Laser Research Center Nuclear Science & Tech. Research Institute Mech. Eng. Group Tarbiat Modares Univ. ABSTRACT The laser sheet metal forming process has significant importance in industries such as aerospace, automotive, and ship building, which previously relied on using expensive stamping dies and presses. In this paper, a simplified model has been developed to predict the bending angle. The calculation of bending angle by a simplified model takes less time than three-dimensional finite element simulation, which is used to analyze the process. The effect of process parameters on bending angle and predicting of bending angle by calculating plastic zone have been studied. The tests have shown that the bending angle is directly proportional to the laser power and is in inverse proportion to the path feed-rate and the laser spot beam diameter. The comparison between theoretical and experimental results has shown reasonable agreements. Keywords: Laser Forming, Sheet Metal Forming, Linear Laser Bending [email protected] :(~4 .~,;) JIt..I.:,\- \ www.SID.ir..1.:,1-\" ..I.:,I-r JL..I.:,I-f - :. .0 ~ ,r AA.i::-!.4 .r . } T .(.l.;,1,. , .:..>L..) WJ I,.. , ..s:".;lS'..~ Archive of SID ~ j-l! ).::,.~~ )~ ).::,~ 1S1::,.::,~I ($..l.;I,., 0'::''''';.::,), ~)~I I) ol~.::, ($..L..::,0~A; 01,. 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I:i.\L, ~.r- <'[j...s:-::-,)l,., u-'.Y . ~. wi jI ~ -' o~ I ~ ..: I..~ If--'~ ~ ..ci11.S""JIA.;I ~l..j J-> ~LS <Lobi)~..: Jlb ~)}-",..~ ~~I )XJ J,9 .;.<>1)4)..>.A... 41.. j [j J-> J.S ..:..~l..) ~ 'IS)'; ,.JlA.o If-I)~ ~1y.J1,~4 ..~;.: - ..:,~ '-')-' f'~I~.& <oS I ~lA.o 4S l;;.;.! -JlA.o:( 'A ) ~1("', ~ jl..~lA: ,14~ ~ ~ ~L:..; ~ ~ d )~ 5 4 ,..:;~ .:: S y> ~I f. J)-, )~ <oS)t;.;.L.,fl.) ..:..I~ J~ .: ~l.. js:.;, ..: I..~b wL.::.; I) o~ ~l..) ..~~ ' .. ISr.:'" ..~-'~ 1S1"-"4.I)J? 0~1 1o~ ~"':'I.S""o~~ ~1-W ..:..LW jl <oS1 "-", ; -' )j-;:-1o~~ ... . 4 )XJ jI 0~~1 J-> ..: 1o.l- .J'. ,,"--,IjJ)-, .:: G...QjI .~;S ..I..a>1,.>I~. ~1~)..u,~' y-:;S ~ <oSlSljI .l;.jb I.S"" f'j~ ..:..I~ jl ..~lA: ..~b "--' 1, .}-!J"" -' ~ JW' ,~~;S ~I} ~,.>f. .JlA.oIf-Iw~~'; ,1wLS:..,1U u) ~. (..,.,) ..:..~l..))~ 0~~1 w4.-,-Yc-o <oS-Yc-o~ v-~--'.~. . -,. . I'w. u-!. )- ~ .o~ ~l..) ~),...)xJ ..~~ (~I :Of)~ ..:..I W jI <oS1 <IJ""'; (..,., ~K;;..1..'1 -) I) (.: 1o~~l.::11y: 1RMIT .~4 .c...:.bI) ~b)..!.! ..~)-,1'A ..: ~I;-o 1. Vollertsen, F., "Forming, Sintering and Rapid Prototyping" Handbook of the Eurolaser Academy, Vol. 2. Schuocker, D (Editor), Chapman & Hall, London, pp. 357-453, 1998. 2. Watkins, K.G., Edwardson, S.P., Magee, 1., Dearden, G., and French, P., "Laser Forming of Aerospace Alloys" AMTC, Seattle, Society of Automotive Eng., pp. 2001-2610, 2001. js: :.)~ro-i)~ 1o~ ~lA.o ..~ ~.& If--'~ ~lJ:,j -.s-!.&-' ~IS:.. ~ .: jI 0..1.01 ~ ~ ~l;;.; 4S ~l;;.; 4 -' o~ J..I.oIS~ ..~b ~lA.o ..: 1..~b wL.::.; I) ~,.> ~ www.SID.ir I-Fiber Optic " ;.-.,> ~,Ij ~ ~ Archive of SID 18. ASM Metals Handbook, ASM Int., lOth Ed. , Ohio, 1990. 3. Edwardson, S.P., Watkins, K.G., Dearden, G., and Magee, 1., "3D LASER Forming of Saddle Shapes" LANE 2001, Erlangen, pp 559-568, 2001. 4. Magee, 1., Watkins, KG., and Steen, W.M., "Advances in Laser Forming", 1. Laser Applications, Vol. 10,No.6, pp. 235-246, 1998. 5. Kyrsanidi, A.K, Kermanidis, T.E., and Pantelkis, S.G., "Nwnerical and Experimental Investigation of the Laser Forming Process", J. Materials Processing Tech.,Vol. 87, No.1, pp. 281-290, 1999. 6. Shi, Y., Shen, H., and Yao, Z., "Application of Similarity Theory in the Laser Forming Process", Comput. Materials Science, Vol. 37, No.2, pp. 323-327,2006. 7. Yao, Z. and Shen, H., "Numerical Study on Laser Forming of Metal Plates with Pre-loads", Comput. Materials Science, Vol. 40, No.1, pp. 27-32,2007. 8. Hoseinpour Gollo, M., Moslemi Naeini, H., and Liaghat, G.H., "A Nwnerical and Experimental Study of Sheet Metal Bending by Pulsed ND: YAG Laser with Doe Method" MPT Conf., p. 150, 2008. 9. Vollertson, F., "Mechanisms and Models for Laser Forming", LANE Conf., Erlangen, pp. 345359,1994. 10. Vollertson, F., "An Analytical Model for Laser Bending", Lasers Eng., Vol. 2, No.1, pp. 261276, 1994. 11. Vollertson, F. and Rodle, M., "Model for the Temperature Gradient Mechanism of Laser Bending", LANE Conf., Erlangen, Vol. 1, pp. 371 - 378, 1994. 12. Yau, C.L., Chan, KC., and Lee, W.E., "A New Analytical Model for Laser Bending", LANE Conf., Vol. 2, pp. 357-366, Erlangen, 1997. 13. Hoseinpour Gollo, M., Moslemi Naeini, and H., Liaghat, G.H., "An Experimental Study of Sheet Metal Bending by Pulsed Nd:YAG Laser with DOE Method", Int. J. Material Forming, Vol. 1, No.3, pp.137-l40, 2008. 14. Satoh, K and Terasaki, T., "Effect of Welding Conditions on Welding Deformations in Welded Structural Materials", 1. Japanese Welding Society, Vol. 45, No.4, pp.302-308, 1976. 15. Jang, C.D., Seo, S.I., and Ko, D.E., "A study on Prediction of Deformation of Plate due to Line Heating", 1. Ship Production, Vol. 13, No. I, pp. 22-27, 1997. 16. Timoshinko, S.P. and Goodier, J.N., "Theory of Elasticity", Third Ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1970. 17. Brown, S. and Song, www.SID.ir H., "Finite Element Simulation of Welding of Large Structures" 1. Eng. for Industry, Vol. 114 No.4, pp. 441-451, 1992.
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