Test Report on Leclanché Titanate Cells Characterization of NCA/Li-Titanate Cells Customer: Leclanché GmbH January 30th 2014 University of Applied Sciences Landshut Technology Centre Energy Wiesenweg 1 D-94044 Ruhstorf a.d.Rott Phone ++49 (0)8531 – 5914 044 – 0 Fax ++49 (0)8531 – 5914 044 – 98 Prof. Dr. Karl-Heinz Pettinger 30.01.2014 Page 1 of 22 Test Report on Leclanché Titanate Cells Document history Date Page Amendment Name 07.1.2014 All First Draft KHP 26.1.2014 All Preliminary final report KHP 30.1.2014 9, 14 Finalization KHP Contents 1 Involved Companies ........................................................................................ 3 2 Summary ....................................................................................................... 4 3 Tasks ............................................................................................................ 5 4 3.1 Prior Relevant Results and Reports ............................................................. 5 3.2 Test Programme and Test Conditions .......................................................... 5 3.3 Samples .................................................................................................. 5 3.4 Test Instruments: .................................................................................... 6 Test Results ................................................................................................... 7 4.1 Cycling Experiments ................................................................................. 7 4.1.1 4.1.1.1 16 Ah-Cells, Cycling with 3 C-Rate, 100 % DOD ................................. 7 4.1.1.2 16 Ah-Cells, Cycling with 1 C-Rate, 100 % DOD ................................. 8 4.1.1.3 16 Ah-Cells, Cycling with 3 C-Rate, 60 % DOD .................................. 9 4.1.1.4 16 Ah-Cells, Cycling with 1 C-Rate, 60 % DOD ................................. 10 4.1.1.5 16 Ah-Cells, Cycling with 1 C-Rate, 20 % DOD ................................. 11 4.1.2 4.2 5 Cell type 16 Ah Nominal Capacity ........................................................ 7 Cell Type 30 Ah Nominal Capacity ...................................................... 12 4.1.2.1 30 Ah-Cells, Cycling with 3 C-Rate, 100 % DOD ................................ 12 4.1.2.2 30 Ah-Cells, Cycling with 1 C-Rate, 100 % DOD ................................ 13 4.1.2.3 30 Ah-Cells, Cycling with 3 C-Rate, 60 % DOD ................................. 14 4.1.2.4 30 Ah-Cells, Cycling with 1 C-Rate, 60 % DOD ................................. 15 4.1.2.5 30 Ah-Cells, Cycling with 1 C-Rate, 20 % DOD ................................. 16 Power-Tests............................................................................................ 17 4.2.1 Cell type 16 Ah Nominal Capacity ....................................................... 17 4.2.2 Cell type 30 Ah Nominal Capacity ....................................................... 18 Further Observations and Informations ............................................................. 19 5.1 No Gassing of Cells .................................................................................. 19 5.2 Definitions .............................................................................................. 19 5.3 Filing ..................................................................................................... 19 5.4 Annexed documents ................................................................................ 20 Prof. Dr. Karl-Heinz Pettinger 30.01.2014 Page 2 of 22 Test Report on Leclanché Titanate Cells 1 Involved Companies Leclanché GmbH Dr. Hilmi Buqa Industriestr. 1 D-77731 Willstätt Tel. +49-7852-818-0 [email protected] University of Applied Sciences Landshut Technology Centre Energy Prof. Dr. Karl-Heinz Pettinger Wiesenweg 1 D-94099 Ruhstorf a.d.Rott Tel. +49-8531-914 044 -0 [email protected] Prof. Dr. Karl-Heinz Pettinger 30.01.2014 Page 3 of 22 Test Report on Leclanché Titanate Cells 2 Summary Lithium-Titanate Cells have been characterized on behalf of Leclanché GmbH, Willstätt Germany. Two types of pouch cells with different footprint and capacity, but the same electrochemistry have been evaluated with respect to their cycling stability for 20 %, 60 % and 100 % depth of discharge, power capability and energy efficiency. Manufacturers data claim that all electrodes have been manufactured in water-based technologies. • Both cell types showed enormous cycling stability and capacity retention. 100 % DOD was the hardest test condition we applied: 16 Ah Cell Type: 98.69 % of initial capacity after 500 cycles with 100 % DOD at Crate. 99.76 % of initial capacity after 500 cycles with 100 % DOD at 3 Crate. 34 Ah Cell Type: 101.37 % of initial capacity after 500 cycles with 100 % DOD at Crate. 100.55 % of initial capacity after 500 cycles with 100 % DOD at 3 C-rate. Test cell capacity increased slightly after the first cycle in both experiments. Therefore rate capability with more than 100 % occurs with reference to the initial capacity measured in the first cycle. Cells tested with the milder conditions of 20 % or 60 % DOD showed no detectable fading or loss of capacity during the experiments (500 cycles). • No gassing or swelling of the cells occurred or was obeyed under any handling condition in our laboratories during or after the experiments. All pouches remained hard and stable. • The cells show good rate capability up to discharge with 3 C-Rate. • The energy efficiency of 93 % for operation with C-rate and 88 % at 3 C-rate recommend the cell as well suited not only for operation in home storage devices. Landshut, January 30th 2014 Prof. Dr. Karl-Heinz Pettinger Scientific Director Technology Centre Energy University of Applied Sciences Landshut Prof. Dr. Karl-Heinz Pettinger 30.01.2014 Page 4 of 22 Test Report on Leclanché Titanate Cells 3 Tasks Cells from Leclanché series production shall be evaluated with respect to cycling stability and possible gas evaluation. 3.1 Prior Relevant Results and Reports None. 3.2 Test Programme and Test Conditions The test period was from November 2013 to January 2014. Current specifications (C-Rates) are related nominal capacity of the cell. Cycling experiments: Charging 100 % DOD Discharge: 60 % DOD discharge: 20 % DOD discharge: • • • • CC CC CC CC with with with with i i i i = = = = 1 1 1 1 C C C C to U = 2.7 V, CV U = 2.7 V until I < C/10 or 3 C until U < 1.7 C until 60 % of nom. capacity discharged until 80 % of nom. capacity discharged For the 60 %v DOD and 20 % DOD experiments the voltage at the end of the discharging step has been monitored. Rate capability tests: Charging Discharge: • • 3.3 CC with i = 1 C to U = 2.7 V, CV U = 2.7 V until I < C/10 CC with i = 0.1, 0,5, 1, 2, 3,4 or 5 C until U < 1.7 C Samples Two types of pouch cells have been delivered for examination. One with a DIN A-5 like footprint with 16 Ah nominal capacity, the other one with a DIN A-like footprint with 34 Ah nominal capacity. A data sheet for the DIN A4-type is annexed. Cathode Material: Lithium-Nickel-Cobalt-Oxide Anode Material: Lithium Titanium Oxide (Li-Titanate) Average Voltage: 2,3 V Voltage range: 1,7 to 2.7 V • • • • Samples delivered on Oct. 15th 2013: Pos. Artikel-Nr. 1 Prof. Dr. Karl-Heinz Pettinger Bezeichnung B011309209018 30.01.2014 Page 5 of 22 Test Report on Leclanché Titanate Cells B011309209016 B011309209017 B011309209019 B011309209020 2 634C08 8013392102834 8013392102835 8013392102837 8013392102839 8013392102840 3.4 • Test Instruments: Battery Test Unit: Basytec XCTS 4-wire contact for each cell Temperature monitoring on cell surface • Test room was controlled to 22 °C temperature by air condition during all experiments. Prof. Dr. Karl-Heinz Pettinger 30.01.2014 Page 6 of 22 Test Report on Leclanché Titanate Cells 4 4.1 Test Results Cycling Experiments 4.1.1 Cell type 16 Ah Nominal Capacity 4.1.1.1 16 Ah-Cells, Cycling with 3 C-Rate, 100 % DOD Ser. Nr.: 8013392102834 Prof. Dr. Karl-Heinz Pettinger 30.01.2014 Page 7 of 22 Test Report on Leclanché Titanate Cells 4.1.1.2 16 Ah-Cells, Cycling with 1 C-Rate, 100 % DOD Ser. Nr.: 8013392102840 Prof. Dr. Karl-Heinz Pettinger 30.01.2014 Page 8 of 22 Test Report on Leclanché Titanate Cells 4.1.1.3 16 Ah-Cells, Cycling with 3 C-Rate, 60 % DOD Ser. Nr.: 8013392102794 Prof. Dr. Karl-Heinz Pettinger 30.01.2014 Page 9 of 22 Test Report on Leclanché Titanate Cells 4.1.1.4 16 Ah-Cells, Cycling with 1 C-Rate, 60 % DOD Ser. Nr.: 8013392102839 Prof. Dr. Karl-Heinz Pettinger 30.01.2014 Page 10 of 22 Test Report on Leclanché Titanate Cells 4.1.1.5 16 Ah-Cells, Cycling with 1 C-Rate, 20 % DOD Ser. Nr.: 8013392102835 Prof. Dr. Karl-Heinz Pettinger 30.01.2014 Page 11 of 22 Test Report on Leclanché Titanate Cells 4.1.2 Cell Type 30 Ah Nominal Capacity 4.1.2.1 30 Ah-Cells, Cycling with 3 C-Rate, 100 % DOD Ser. Nr.: B011309209016 Prof. Dr. Karl-Heinz Pettinger 30.01.2014 Page 12 of 22 Test Report on Leclanché Titanate Cells 4.1.2.2 30 Ah-Cells, Cycling with 1 C-Rate, 100 % DOD Ser. Nr.: B011309209017 Prof. Dr. Karl-Heinz Pettinger 30.01.2014 Page 13 of 22 Test Report on Leclanché Titanate Cells 4.1.2.3 30 Ah-Cells, Cycling with 3 C-Rate, 60 % DOD Ser. Nr.: B021311270031 Prof. Dr. Karl-Heinz Pettinger 30.01.2014 Page 14 of 22 Test Report on Leclanché Titanate Cells 4.1.2.4 30 Ah-Cells, Cycling with 1 C-Rate, 60 % DOD Ser. Nr.: B011309209020 Prof. Dr. Karl-Heinz Pettinger 30.01.2014 Page 15 of 22 Test Report on Leclanché Titanate Cells 4.1.2.5 30 Ah-Cells, Cycling with 1 C-Rate, 20 % DOD Ser. Nr.: B011309209019 Prof. Dr. Karl-Heinz Pettinger 30.01.2014 Page 16 of 22 Test Report on Leclanché Titanate Cells 4.2 Power-Tests 4.2.1 Cell type 16 Ah Nominal Capacity Ser. Nr.: 8013392102791 Prof. Dr. Karl-Heinz Pettinger 30.01.2014 Page 17 of 22 Test Report on Leclanché Titanate Cells 4.2.2 Cell type 30 Ah Nominal Capacity Ser. Nr.: B021311270029 Prof. Dr. Karl-Heinz Pettinger 30.01.2014 Page 18 of 22 Test Report on Leclanché Titanate Cells 5 5.1 Further Observations and Informations No Gassing of Cells The cells have been delivered in a state with very good vacuum. The pouches were really hard. During all experiments and after the experiments no gassing or swelling has been obeyed. The cells are at the end of the experimental period hard as in delivery state. 5.2 Definitions SOC: state of charge DOD: depth of discharge CC: constant current CV: constant voltage 5.3 Filing All data and documentation are filed on the institute server. Prof. Dr. Karl-Heinz Pettinger 30.01.2014 Page 19 of 22 Test Report on Leclanché Titanate Cells 5.4 Annexed documents Data Sheet936C08 Prof. Dr. Karl-Heinz Pettinger 30.01.2014 Page 20 of 22 Test Report on Leclanché Titanate Cells Prof. Dr. Karl-Heinz Pettinger 30.01.2014 Page 21 of 22 Test Report on Leclanché Titanate Cells Prof. Dr. Karl-Heinz Pettinger 30.01.2014 Page 22 of 22
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