Appendices Table of Contents ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1.A 1.B 7.A 7.B 9.A 10.A 11.A 11.B 11.C 14.A 14.B 14.C 14.D 14.E 16.A 16.B 16.C 16.D 16.E 16.F 16.G 16.H 17.A 17.B 17.C 17.D Conversion Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1 Common SI Unit Conversion Factors . . . . . . . . . A-3 Mensuration of Two-Dimensional Areas . . . . . . A-7 Mensuration of Three-Dimensional Volumes . . . A-9 Abbreviated Table of Indefinite Integrals . . . . A-10 Laplace Transforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-11 Areas Under the Standard Normal Curve . . . . A-12 Chi-Squared Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-13 t-Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-14 Properties of Water at Atmospheric Pressure (customary U.S. units) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-15 Properties of Water at Atmospheric Pressure (SI units) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-16 Viscosity of Water in Other Units (customary U.S. units) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-17 Properties of Air at Atmospheric Pressure (customary U.S. units) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-18 Properties of Air at Atmospheric Pressure (SI units) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-19 Area, Wetted Perimeter, and Hydraulic Radius of Partially Filled Circular Pipes . . . . . . . . . . . A-20 Dimensions of Welded and Seamless Steel Pipe (customary U.S. units) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-21 Dimensions of Welded and Seamless Steel Pipe Schedules 40 and 80 (SI units) . . . . . . . . . . A-25 Dimensions of Small Diameter PVC Pipe (customary U.S. units) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-27 Dimensions of Large Diameter PVC Sewer and Water Pipe (customary U.S. units) . . . . . . . A-28 Dimensions and Weights of Concrete Sewer Pipe (customary U.S. units) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-29 Dimensions of Cast Iron Pipe (customary U.S. units) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-30 Standard ANSI Piping Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . A-31 Specific Roughness and Hazen-Williams Constants for Various Water Pipe Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-32 Darcy Friction Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-33 Water Pressure Drop in Schedule-40 Steel Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-37 Equivalent Length of Straight Pipe for Various (Generic) Fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-38 17.E Hazen-Williams Nomograph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-39 18.A International Standard Atmosphere . . . . . . . . . A-40 18.B Properties of Saturated Steam by Temperature (customary U.S. units) . . . . . . A-41 18.C Properties of Superheated Steam (customary U.S. units) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-44 19.A Manning’s Roughness Coefficient . . . . . . . . . . . A-46 19.B Manning Equation Nomograph . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-47 19.C Circular Channel Ratios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-48 19.D Critical Depths in Circular Channels . . . . . . . . A-49 19.E Conveyance Factor, K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-50 19.F Conveyance Factor, K⬘ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-52 20.A Rational Method Runoff C-Coefficients . . . . . . A-54 20.B Random Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-55 22.A Atomic Numbers and Weights of the Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-56 22.B Water Chemisty CaCO3 Equivalents . . . . . . . . . A-57 22.C Saturation Values of Dissolved Oxygen in Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-59 22.D Names and Formulas of Important Chemicals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-60 22.E Approximate Solubility Product Constants at 25⬚C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-61 24.A Heats of Combustion for Common Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-64 24.B Approximate Properties of Selected Gases . . . A-65 25.A National Primary Drinking Water Regulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-66 26.A Properties of Chemicals Used in Water Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-73 29.A Selected Ten States’ Standards . . . . . . . . . . . A-74 35.A USCS Soil Boring, Well, and Geotextile Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-76 37.A Active Components for Retaining Walls (straight slope backfill) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-78 37.B Active Components for Retaining Walls (broken slope backfill) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-79 37.C Curves for Determining Active and Passive Earth Pressure Coefficients, ka and kp (with inclined wall face, , wall friction, ␦, and horizontal backfill) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-80 37.D Curves for Determining Active and Passive Pressures, ka and kp (with vertical face, wall friction, ␦, and sloping backfill) . . . . . . A-81 P P I • w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m viii C I V I L E N G I N E E R I N G R E F E R E N C E 40.A Boussinesq Stress Contour Chart (infinitely long and square footings) . . . . . . A-82 40.B Boussinesq Stress Contour Chart (uniformly loaded circular footings) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-83 42.A Centroids and Area Moments of Inertia for Basic Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-84 43.A Typical Properties of Structural Steel, Aluminum, and Magnesium . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-85 43.B Typical Mechanical Properties of Representative Metals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-86 44.A Elastic Beam Deflection Equations . . . . . . . . . A-89 M A N U A L 52.M Reinforced Concrete Interaction Diagram, ␥ ⫽ 0.75 (uniplane, 4 ksi concrete, 60 ksi steel) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-115 52.N Reinforced Concrete Interaction Diagram, ␥ ⫽ 0.80 (uniplane, 4 ksi concrete, 60 ksi steel) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-116 52.O Reinforced Concrete Interaction Diagram, ␥ ⫽ 0.90 (uniplane, 4 ksi concrete, 60 ksi steel) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-117 58.A Common Structural Steels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-118 45.A Properties of Weld Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-93 58.B Properties of Structural Steel at High Temperatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-119 47.A Elastic Fixed-End Moments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-94 59.A Values of Cb for Simply-Supported Beams . . A-120 47.B Indeterminate Beam Formulas . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-96 68.A Section Properties of Masonry Horizontal Cross Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-121 47.C Moment Distribution Worksheet . . . . . . . . . . . A-101 48.A ASTM Standards for Wire Reinforcement . . . A-102 52.A Reinforced Concrete Interaction Diagram, ␥ ⫽ 0.60 (round, 4 ksi concrete, 60 ksi steel) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-103 52.B Reinforced Concrete Interaction Diagram, ␥ ⫽ 0.70 (round, 4 ksi concrete, 60 ksi steel) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-104 52.C Reinforced Concrete Interaction Diagram, ␥ ⫽ 0.75 (round, 4 ksi concrete, 60 ksi steel) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-105 52.D Reinforced Concrete Interaction Diagram, ␥ ⫽ 0.80 (round, 4 ksi concrete, 60 ksi steel) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-106 52.E Reinforced Concrete Interaction Diagram, ␥ ⫽ 0.90 (round, 4 ksi concrete, 60 ksi steel) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-107 52.F Reinforced Concrete Interaction Diagram, ␥ ⫽ 0.60 (square, 4 ksi concrete, 60 ksi steel) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-108 52.G Reinforced Concrete Interaction Diagram, ␥ ⫽ 0.70 (square, 4 ksi concrete, 60 ksi steel) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-109 52.H Reinforced Concrete Interaction Diagram, ␥ ⫽ 0.75 (square, 4 ksi concrete, 60 ksi steel) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-110 68.B Section Properties of Masonry Vertical Cross Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-123 68.C Ungrouted Wall Section Properties . . . . . . . . A-125 68.D Grouted Wall Section Properties . . . . . . . . . . A-126 69.A Column Interaction Diagram (compression controls, g ⫽ 0.4) . . . . . . . . A-127 69.B Column Interaction Diagram (compression controls, g ⫽ 0.6) . . . . . . . . A-128 69.C Column Interaction Diagram (compression controls, g ⫽ 0.8) . . . . . . . . A-129 69.D Column Interaction Diagram (tension controls, g ⫽ 0.4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-130 69.E Column Interaction Diagram (tension controls, g ⫽ 0.6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-131 69.F Column Interaction Diagram (tension controls, g ⫽ 0.8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-132 70.A Mass Moments of Inertia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-133 76.A Axle Load Equivalency Factors for Flexible Pavements (single axles and pt of 2.5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-134 76.B Axle Load Equivalency Factors for Flexible Pavements (tandem axles and pt of 2.5) . . . . . . . . . . . A-135 Reinforced Concrete Interaction Diagram, ␥ ⫽ 0.80 (square, 4 ksi concrete, 60 ksi steel) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-111 76.C Axle Load Equivalency Factors for Flexible Pavements (triple axles and pt of 2.5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-136 52.J Reinforced Concrete Interaction Diagram, ␥ ⫽ 0.90 (square, 4 ksi concrete, 60 ksi steel) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-112 77.A Axle Load Equivalency Factors for Rigid Pavements (single axles and pt of 2.5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-137 52.K Reinforced Concrete Interaction Diagram, ␥ ⫽ 0.60 (uniplane, 4 ksi concrete, 60 ksi steel) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-113 77.B Axle Load Equivalency Factors for Rigid Pavements (double axles and pt of 2.5) . . . . . . . . . . . . A-138 52.L Reinforced Concrete Interaction Diagram, ␥ ⫽ 0.70 (uniplane, 4 ksi concrete, 60 ksi steel) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-114 77.C Axle Load Equivalency Factors for Rigid Pavements (triple axles and pt of 2.5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-139 52.I P P I • w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m A P P E N D I C E S TA B L E O F C O N T E N T S ix 78.A Oblique Triangle Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-140 84.A Polyphase Motor Classifications and Characteristics . . . . . . . A-141 84.B DC and Single-Phase Motor Classifications and Characteristics . . . . . . . A-142 85.A Thermoelectric Constants for Thermocouples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-143 87.A Standard Cash Flow Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-145 87.B Cash Flow Equivalent Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . A-146 P P I • w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
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