96
OTHER ENERGY-RELATED STATISTICS
Grid Emission Factor
Singapore’s average Operating Margin (OM) Grid Emission Factor (GEF) improved from
0.4912 kg CO2/kWh in 2012 to 0.4499 kg CO2/kWh in 2013. This was mainly due to the
greater use of natural gas for electricity generation which resulted in its share of fuel mix
rising to 92%, compared to 84% recorded a year earlier.
The Build Margin (BM) Emission Factor improved from 0.4333 kg CO2/kWh in 2012 to 0.4112
kg CO2/kWh in 2013. In general, Singapore’s BM emission factor trends lower than the OM
emission factor. This is because newer plants in Singapore (predominantly CCGTs) are more
efficient and primarily use fuels with a lower carbon content (such as natural gas) compared
to other fossil fuels.
510
24
500
21
490
18
480
15
470
12
460
9
450
6
440
3
2009
2010
Average Operating Margin
(OM)
2011
2012
Percentage of Non-NG
Energy Products in Fuel Mix
(%)
Grid Emission Factor
(Average Operating Margin)
(kg CO2/kWh)
Grid Emission Factor and Percentage Share of
Non-Natural Gas Energy Products in Fuel Mix
2013
Non-Natural Gas Percentage Share
of Fuel Mix
OTHER ENERGY-RELATED STATISTICS
97
Table 7.1: Electricity Grid Emission Factor and Upstream Fugitive Methane Emission Factor
2005
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Average Operating Margin (OM)
(kg CO2 / kWh)
0.5255
0.4973
0.5083
0.5085
0.4912
0.4499
Build Margin (BM)
(kg CO2 / kWh)
0.4205
0.4208
0.4319
0.4578
0.4333
0.4112
0.00216
0.00222
0.00222
0.00228
0.00222
0.00270
Electricity Grid Emission Factors
Upstream Fugitive Methane
Emission Factor (kg CH4 / kWh)
Source: Energy Market Authority (EMA)
Table 7.2: Number of Licensed Electrical, Gas and Cable Detection Workers
2005
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Electricians
4,101
3,420
3,341
3,293
3,211
2,955
Technicians
1,299
1,183
1,163
1,143
1,119
1,074
Engineers
343
309
308
305
291
293
Gas Service Workers
401
359
359
357
354
354
Gas Service Workers (Restricted)
Cable Detection Workers
Total
-
147
146
177
192
201
528
450
444
430
413
393
6,672
5,868
5,761
5,705
5,580
5,270
Source: Energy Market Authority (EMA)
Table 7.3: Peak System Demand
Unite: MW
Year
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
2005
5,083
5,285
5,333
5,408
5,385
5,298
5,297
5,341
5,471
5,475
5,456
5,332
2009
5,488
5,629
5,482
5,806
5,926
5,940
5,958
6,032
6,041
6,039
5,922
5,904
2010
5,981
6,216
6,218
6,395
6,494
6,311
6,244
6,358
6,285
6,345
6,320
6,232
2011
6,160
6,214
6,227
6,310
6,570
6,500
6,482
6,417
6,480
6,326
6,256
6,159
2012
6,323
6,289
6,373
6,457
6,639
6,552
6,524
6,576
6,490
6,563
6,432
6,323
2013
6,455
6,381
6,471
6,572
6,686
6,814
6,735
6,659
6,663
6,578
6,556
6,466
2014
6,385
6,541
6,645
6,722
6,807
6,880
6,859
-
-
-
-
-
Source: Energy Market Authority (EMA)

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