seoomwr,_2014_wawc - The University of Jordan

Water in The Arab World
Status, challenges and opportunities
25-27 February 2014
SURFACTANT ENHANCED OLIVE
OIL MILL WASTEWATER
REMEDIATION
Ayat Bozeya
Prof. Abeer Al Bawab
Chemistry DepartmentHMCSR
The University of Jordan
Introduction
 A major environmental concern in the Mediterranean countries is
the disposal and/or treatment of the large quantities of olive oil
mill wastewater (OOMW) produced during olive oil processing
The olive fruit is very rich in phenolic compounds, but only 2% of
the total phenolic content of the olive fruit passes in the oil phase,
while the remaining amount is lost in the OMWW (approx. 53%)
OOMW is characterized by
Intensive violet-dark brown up to black colour
Strong specific olive oil smell
High degree of organic pollution
pH ranging between 3 and 6
Total organic compound of 25- 45g/L
High electrical conductivity
High content of polyphenols (0.5–24g/L)
Introduction
This investigation focus on the application of surfactant
enhanced aquifer remediation (SEAR) technology using modified
surfactant to improve the remediation of olive oil mill
wastewater (OOMW)
 A new kind of surfactant was used which is a new extended
surfactants sodium polypropylene oxides sulfate of the type
(branched hydrocarbon chain)-(propoxyle group)-(sulfate)
 A modelled three dimensional phase diagram was determined
using phenol as a model compound for the phenolic compounds
The amounts of the surfactant needed to extract the phenol can
be determined using the three-dimensional phase behavior of the
phenol, water and the proposed surfactant
Introduction
The surfactant enhanced remediation
technology is a well known method in aquifer
remediation of soil, solid drilling wastes and
ground water from the Non Aqueous Phase
Liquids (NAPLs)
According to our knowledge this method are not used yet
to enhance the remediation of the wastewater
Olive mill wastewater
 The wastewater from the different olive mills located in different
areas in Jordan is being disposed into the wadies
 The resulting high organic polluted wastewater affects the soil,
the groundwater and the water courses downstream
 This occurs mainly during olive mill season from early October
to late December
 Phenolic compounds are among the most important contaminants
present in the environment
 The presence of phenolic compounds in OMW inhibit the growth
of certain microorganisms, particularly bacteria, and is the major
cause, together with fatty acids, for the methanogenic toxicity of
OMW
Materials and Methods
Materials:
Phenol, Tetrabutyl ammonium bromide TBAB, Sodium polypropylene oxides
sulfate, C12-13H25-27(PO)4SO4, Water
Phase Diagram Determination: Titration method were used to determine The
partial ternary phase diagrams of Water/ Surfactant/phenol and Water/Surfactant:
TBAB (1:1 molar ratio)/ phenol
Direct Photometric Method: Steam-distillable phenol compounds react with 4aminoantipyrine at pH 7.9 ± 0.1 in the presence of potassium ferricyanide to form
a colored antipyrine dye. This dye is kept in aqueous solution and the absorbance
is measured at 500 nm.
NMR Measurements: All NMR experiments were performed on a Bruker-DPX
300 MHz spectrometer using Dimethylsulfoxide (H2O: DMSO 1:1) as solvent
Phase behavior of Oil/Surfactant/Water system
0.3 g surfactant
Oil
0.1 g water
0.6 g oil
P
Water
Surfactant
Mapping the phase diagram
Phase Diagram Determination
Oil
x
Water
Surfactant
Phase Diagram Determination
Results
Partial Phase Diagram of Phenol/ (L123-4S)/ Water
Partial Phase Diagram of Phenol/ (L123-4S): TBAB (1:1 molar
ration)/ Water
0.45
0.4
y = 0.211x
R2 = 0.9999
0.35
0.3
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
Calibration Curve for phenol determination by the Direct
Photometric Method
Direct photometric method
Sample
Water 64.1%
Phenol 24.7%
Surfactant 12.3%
Water 70.1%
Phenol 17.6%
Surfactant 12.3%
Phenol % In Phenol % In
aqueous phase organic phase
19.5
80.5
4.2
95.8
1H-NMR
spectra for sample of 64.1% Water, 24.7% Phenol and
12.3% Surfactant
Aqueous phase
(aqueous phase)
Organic phase
(organic phase)
Conclusions
 Investigations of the phase behavior as a three components
system showed the effectiveness of the modified surfactant of
the type (branched hydrocarbon chain)-(propoxyle group)(sulfate) in forming a two phase region of pure water and an
organic phase contain the organic pollutant and the surfactant
 These surfactants can be used for treatment of olive mill
wastewater, and the amounts of needed surfactants to extract
the phenol can be determined using the three-dimensional
phase behavior of the phenol, water and the proposed
surfactant
Published Article
Acknowledgments
We would like to thank The Deanship of Academic Research of
the University of Jordan for funding this research
Hamdi Mango Center for Scientific Research for providing a
very suitable and well-equipped working environment, where all
the experiment took place in their laboratory
Thank you for your attention
[email protected]
[email protected]

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