septage and swerage treatment system presentation

SEPTAGE AND SWERAGE
TREATMENT SYSTEM
PRESENTATION
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PRESENTATION OUTLINE
National Septage and Sewerage Management Program
Household Wastewater
Sanitation Infrastructure
The Jokaso Technology
Summary
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NATIONAL
SEPTAGE AND SEWERAGE
MANAGEMENT PROGRAM
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CURRENT SITUATION OF SANITATION
• 20 million Filipinos do not have access to
proper sanitation
• More than 90 percent of the sewage
generated nationwide is not treated properly
• About 28 million Filipinos do not have sanitary
toilets
The effects of poor
sanitation include 55 deaths
per day and economic losses
of about P78 billion per year
• Many septic tanks are improperly designed
with open bottom (leaching) contaminating
ground water
• Most septic tanks are not regularly desludged
• If ever, the septage removed is usually dumped
illegally with no treatment
• Less than 10 percent of the population have
access to piped sewerage system.
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• Health costs
• Damage to fisheries
• Unattractive tourism
destinations
• Increased cost of safe
drinking water
NEED TO OVERCOME CONSTRAINTS
 Low level of awareness and demand from the public
 Low capacity (on the part of most LGUs) to develop
projects
 Weak enforcement of existing regulations
 Limited resources of LGUs and Water Districts
Therefore
there is a need
for a national
approach that
addresses
these
constraints
 Absence of a national program and budget.
NSSMP
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SEPTAGE MANAGEMENT TARGETS
• All LGUs have septage management programs serving their urban
barangays
• Capital cost per project range from 4 to 71 million pesos
NATIONAL
SEPTAGE AND
SEWERAGE
MANAGEMENT
PROGRAM
SEWERAGE MANAGEMENT TARGETS
• 17 HUCs outside Metro Manila serving 50% of urban barangays
• Capital cost average 410 million pesos per project per phase
FINANCING INCENTIVE
• For sewerage projects, national government (NG) cost share is
critical to help cover capital expenses
• Recommend 40 percent grant of project cost from NG
PROJECT COST RECOVERY
• Full cost recovery through affordable user fees, environmental
tariff (aka PES) or similar payment scheme.
Has a national
budget of P26.3
billion
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CURRENT NG-LG COST SHARE STRUCTURE
(for Waste Management Facilities and Projects)
MUNICIPALITIES
AND PROVINCES
NATIONAL
GOVERNMENT
CITIES
NATIONAL
GOVERNMENT
LGU Share
(Loan/Equity)
Grant
LGU Share
Grant
1st and 2nd
60/20
20
60
40
3rd and 4th
45/15
40
75
25
5th and 6th
40/10
50
80
20
LGU INCOME
CLASS
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7
HOUSEHOLD WASTEWATER
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Types of Household Wastewater
H
O
U
S
E
H
O
L
D
T
O
I
L
E
T
URINE
BLACK
WATER
FECES
SEWAGE
W
A
S
T
E
W
A
T
E
R
O
T
H
E
R
S
LAUNDRY
BATHROOM
KITCHEN
GRAY
WATER
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Pollutant Loads in Household Wastewater
Vary with Lifestyles and Living Standards
SOURCE OF
WASTEWATER
WASTEWATER
CLASSIFICATION
QUANTITY
(l/cap.d)
Toilet
Black Water
50
13
30
18
Kitchen
Laundry
Gray Water
T-N
(g/cap.d)
T-P
(g/cap.d)
40
Bath
50
others
30
TOTAL
BOD
(g/cap.d)
200
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9
40
10
1
PROJECT:
SEPTIC TANK DOMESTIC WASTE
SUMMARY OF RESULT
ANALYSIS
1ST SAMPLE
I.D. MXG0005-01 WWST
(CALOOCAN AREA)
BOD
1220
142
114
mg/L
COD
7430
2340
260
mg/L
MBAS (SURFACTANT)
4.72
3.57
5.65
mg/L
NITRITE-NITROGEN
0.317
0.415
0.00761
mg/L a N
OIL & GREASE
TOTAL
PHOSPHOROUS
35.4
NS
8.73
mg/L
2.94
3.02
2.17
NITRATES
TOTAL DISSOLVED
SOLIDS
TOTAL SUSPENDED
SOLIDS
0.259
0.106
ND
940
340
686
2580
920
46
TOTAL NITROGEN
AMMONIUM
NITROGEN
381.58
198.52
231.01
177
81
103
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2ND SAMPLE
3RD SAMPLE
I.D. MXG0014-01 WW- I.D. MXG0039-01 WW-STSTDW-RV
Q.C.
(QUEZON CITY
(VALENZUELA AREA)
AREA)
RESULTS, AS RECEIVED
UNIT
mg/L
mg/L as N
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
11
Pollution, Impact, and Treatment
SOLIDS
ORGANICS
Turbidity
Foul odor
Sedimentation
Biological
Treatment
POLLUTING
COMPONENT
NUTRIENTS
IMPACT
MICRO
ORGANISMS
Eutrophication
TREATMENT
Nitrification
Diseases
Chlorination
GASES
METALS
Bio Concentration
Adsorption
Asphyxiation
Ammonia
Stripping
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IMPACT OF NITROGEN AND
PHOSPHORUS ON THE
ENVIRONMENT
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Effects of Nitrogen/Phosphorous on
environment, EcoEco-balance and Health
• Health Hazards
– Nitrogen: Metohemoglobinemia
– Phosphorous: Osteoporosis, Ureteral stone
– Cyanobacteria: Metabolic production of
toxic cyanobacteria
60 times more toxic than potassium
cyanide
* Deaths of livestock and humans overseas
• Agricultural Damage
– Nitrogen: Succulent growth (growth of
only stems or stalks)
• Outbreak of Cyanobacteria
/Red Tides
– Damage to fisheries: Death of marine
animals
– Damage to sightseeing areas: Offensive
odors, closure of bathing areas
– Problems for water utilization: Increase
in processing costs due to filtration
problems at water purification plants or
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offensive odors from municipal water.
Strategies for Conservation/Reclamation
of Water Sources
Rapid Water Environment Pollution due to
Ongoing Human Activities, such as Industrial
Economic Activities
•
•
•
•
•
Causes of Water Environment Pollution
Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Organic Carbon
Cleaning Substances, Residual Pesticides, Organic Halides, Other Trace
Chemicals Endocrine Disrupters Pathogenic Microorganisms
Environment Problems
Damage to Water Environments/Ecosystems, Death of Marine Animals,
Generation of Offensive Odor and Taste, Toxic Substance-Producing
Microorganisms and Carcinogens
Adverse Effects of Water Sources Aggravation on Industry/Economy
Water System-Originating Outbreak of Waterborne Infectious Diseases in
Humans and Other Living Things
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/
A child swims in a polluted reservoir in
Pingba, southwest China's Guizhou
province September 2, 2006.
(REUTERS/China Daily)
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A boy swims in the algae-filled coastline of
Qingdao, Shandong province July 15, 2011.
(REUTERS/China Daily)
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Status of blue green algae
occurred in Dian lake
(July, 2007)
A worker rows a boat in Chaohu Lake,
filled with blue-green algae, in Hefei,
Anhui province July 23, 2012.
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(REUTERS/Stringer
A dead fish floats in water filled with blue-green
algae at the East Lake in Wuhan, Hubei province
August 20, 2012. (REUTERS/Stringer)
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Dead pigs float in a branch of Huangpu River in
Pinghu, Zhejiang province, March 11, 2013.
(REUTERS/Aly Song)
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Posted:Aug 07, 2014 5:00 AM ET
Toxic algae blooms in Lake Erie fouled the water that hundreds of thousands of people
rely on for drinking, cooking and bathing last week, forcing hundreds of thousands of
people in Ohio to rely on bottled water.
•The commission's report suggested that changes to farming practices were largely to blame for
recent blooms.
•"The main changes that are responsible have to do with intensification of farming : More livestock
farming and greater application of their waste to fields.
•Higher application of chemical fertilizers in general.
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* Discharge of Nitrogen
Nitrogen that is discharged onto land and not taken up by
plants, denitrified, immobilised by soil microbes or volatised
is likely be leached from the soil into groundwater. Nitrogen
in the form of nitrate is the most susceptible to leaching, but
as organic nitrogen can be mineralised and ammonium
nitrified to nitrate, all nitrogen is at risk of being leached.
Nitrate leaching generally occurs during wet conditions;
from rainfall, irrigation or wastewater discharge. Nitrogen
discharged below the plant root zone has a higher risk of
leaching as the opportunities for plant uptake and
denitrification at the soil surface are lost. Nitrate is one of
the main contaminants of interest in groundwater and
surface water as it can have toxic effects on aquatic biota,
and in combination with phosphorus enhance aquatic plant
growth (Bidwell and Norton 2009).
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* Discharge of Phosphorus
Phosphorus can enter the aquatic environment via
groundwater and overland flow. Even very small increases in
phosphorus concentrations in surface water can have
ecological consequences (Bidwell and Norton 2009).
Phosphorus leaching has generally not been considered
significant in many countries soils as it had been assumed
that phosphorus remained bound with the soil (Webb et al
2007). However analysis of the vulnerability of soils to
leaching of phosphorus shows a wide range of vulnerability in
different soil types, with moderate vulnerability over extensive
areas. (Webb et al 2010). Phosphorus discharged below the
topsoil will have a higher risk of leaching as opportunities for
adsorption and immobilisation in soil organic matter are lost.
Discharges to surface water that contain phosphorus and
nitrogen are direct pathways for the nutrients to enter the
aquatic environment.
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Philippine Effluent Standards
PARAMETER
UNIT
INLAND WATERS
(Class D)
6-9
COASTAL WATERS
(Class SC)
6-9
BOD
mg/L
120
100
COD
mg/L
200
200
TSS
mg/L
150
150
TDS
mg/L
1,500
-
Surfactants
mg/L
-
10
Oil / Grease
mg/L
-
10
Phenols
mg/L
-
0.5
Total Nitrogen
mg/L
<10
-
Total Phosphorous
mg/L
<1
-
MPN/100mL
<500
-
pH (range)
Total Coliforms
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SANITATION INFRASTRUCTURE
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A
B
A
JOHKASOU AREA
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B
SEWERAGE AREA
Components of Sanitation Infrastructure
1
3
TOILET
2
TREATMENT
COLLECTION &
CONVEYANCE
4
DISPOSAL OR
REUSE
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TOILET
Isolates excreta from human contact
COLLECTION and CONVEYANCE
Collects and transports wastewater for
treatment
TREATMENT
Removes or reduces harmful contaminants
from wastewater
DISPOSAL or REUSE
Discharges or recycles cleansed wastewater
to the environment
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Conventional Sanitation Infrastructure
COLLECTION AND CONVEYANCE
TOILET
SEPTIC
TANK
SEWERAGE
SYSTEM
TREATMENT
DISPOSAL
OR REUSE
Sewerage infrastructure cost
average P410 million
Septage infrastructure cost
ranges from P4 to P71 million
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PJW Sanitation Infrastructure
ON-SITE COLLECTION AND
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY
COLLECTION
TOILET
TREATMENT
JOKASO
NO NEED FOR SEWERAGE SYSTEM
THEREFORE NO NEED FOR CONVEYANCE
DISPOSAL
OR REUSE
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COLLECTION
TOILET
TREATMENT
JOKASO
DISPOSAL
OR REUSE
How much is the infrastructure
cost for JOKASO?
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Price of Jokaso
MODEL
SELLING PRICE (pesos)
REMARKS
OU-5
175,000 without reservoir
OU-10
300,000 without reservoir
NSR- 50
1,150,000 without reservoir
NK-USR II-100
3,350,000 with built-in reservoir
NK-USR II- 500
9,500,000 with built-in reservoir
NK-USR II - 1000
17,600,000 with built-in reservoir
Note: Quoted price includes installation work.
Domestic/Local Delivery cost not included.
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THE JOKASO TECHNOLOGY
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Advantages of Jokaso
Superior treatment
performance
Ability to greatly reduce pollutant loads (e.g. BOD, T-N, T-P)
coming from domestic black water and gray water
Low investment cost
As small scale JOHKASOUs are mass produced, the price can
be maintained at a level for individual or household users
Short installation time
It takes 10-11 days for a typical installation
On-site installation
JOHKASOU is constructed on-site for a house, a building or a
small community
Direct discharge of effluent
Treated wastewater can be directly discharged into river
systems and similar bodies of water
Less vulnerable to earthquakes
and other disasters
After an earthquake , a JOHKASOU can resume functioning
in a short period of time because there are no complicated
piping system in its construction and installation.
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Types of Jokaso
1. SMALL-SCALE JOHKASOU
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TREATMENT PROCESSES IN JOHKASOU
primary treatment
secondary treatment
FIRST STEP
SECOND STEP
THIRD STEP
FOURTH STEP
Solid matter removal
Trash removal
Biological treatment of
organic substances
Suspended solids
removal
Pathogens removal
Screen device
Sedimentation tank
Anaerobic filter tank
Aeration tank
Contact aeration tank
Rotating biological
contactor
Sedimentation tank
Disinfection tank
FIFTH STEP
Excess sludge treatment
Sludge thickening storage tank
Sludge thickening equipment
Sludge storage tank
Dewater machine
to sludge treatment facilities
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37
Circulatory biological filtering system for
advanced wastewater treatment (flow adjustable)
Inflow
Domestic
wastewater
Back wash drain pipe
Baffle board
Aeration pipe
Flow shift gate
Outfall
First chamber of
aerobic filter bed tank
Biological
filtering tank
Circulation unit Sterilizing tank
Second
Treated water tank
chamber of
Outflow
aerobic filter
bed tank
Back wash pump
Flow of an advanced combined
wastewater treatment System
Adsorptive
吸着脱リン装置
dephosphorization unit
Miscellaneous
domestic
生活雑排水
wastewater
Human し尿
waste
消毒
Sterilization
HWL
Circulation
循環
Discharge
放流
LWL
物ろ過槽
Biological
嫌気ろ床第of1室嫌
気ろ床第 2室生
First chamber
Second
filtering
anaerobic filter chamber of
tank
bed
anaerobic
P
filter bed
IN
BOD 200 mg・l-1
T-N
50 mg・
l-1
T-P
5 mg・
OUT
Treated
処理水槽
water
tank
BOD 10 mg・l1
T-N 10 mg・
l-1
2. MEDIUM to LARGE-SCALE JOHKASOU
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Installation Procedure for SS Johkasou
STEP
SCOPE OF WORK
1
Soil excavation
2
Foundation work
3
Johkasou installation
4
Water filling and backfilling
5
Connecting pipes (influent/effluent)
6
Installing auxiliary equipment
7
Electrical work
8
Disposing of residual soil
9
Test operation
10
Turnover.
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Typical Household
Installed Johkasou
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SUMMARY
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Wastewater effluent discharge from commercial and/or
residential projects should be guided by the mandates
outlined in the NSSMP
The Jokaso system is an effective means by which
environmental problems including nitrogen caused by
domestic wastewater is effectively addressed
The technology behind Jokaso offers fast treatment
performance, low investment cost, on-site
installation/short installation time, direct discharge of
effluent, and less vulnerability to earthquakes and other
disasters
Jokaso : Your first choice in domestic wastewater
treatment
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THANK YOU
FOR YOUR ATTENTION
P JW

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