Insect exclusion nets.
Experience in apple
and peach orchards
in NW Italy.
Rosemarie Tedeschi
University of Torino
Deparment of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences
LIFE13 ENV/HR/000580 - Low pesticide IPM in sustainable and safe fruit production
ACTION D.6.2:Workshop - Zagreb, November 5-6, 2014
Apple orchard
LIFE + SUSAFRUIT WORKSHOP - ZAGREB, NOVEMBER 5-6, 2014.
Aim
- To avoid the entrance of Cydia pomonella in apple orchards,
- To reduce the number of chemical treatments ( healty fruit and
environmental safety).
Other advantages:
- Secondary effect on the entrance of other phytophagous (Ostrinia
nubilalis, Cydia molesta,9),
- Efficient barrier against newly introduced phytophagous
(Halyomorpha halys)
LIFE + SUSAFRUIT WORKSHOP - ZAGREB, NOVEMBER 5-6, 2014.
Single-row system
Single-plot system
(1 net per row of apple trees)
(i.e. one net for the entire orchard)
France
Italy
LIFE + SUSAFRUIT WORKSHOP - ZAGREB, NOVEMBER 5-6, 2014.
Single-plot system
Adopted in Piedmont – NW Italy
Experimental trials
2011-2013
In collaboration with
financially supported by
LIFE + SUSAFRUIT WORKSHOP - ZAGREB, NOVEMBER 5-6, 2014.
Scheme of the experimental site in 2011
road
peach
orchard
2010
damage
20%
apple
orchard
Pest control in 2010: mating disruption + 5 treatments
LIFE + SUSAFRUIT WORKSHOP - ZAGREB, NOVEMBER 5-6, 2014.
Scheme of the experimental site in 2011
2010
road
peach
orchard
Alt’Carpo
damage 20%
anti-hail net +
exclusion net
on sides 4×4
(2.2×5.4 mm)
2010
control
damage 10%
apple
orchard
only anti-hail net
LIFE + SUSAFRUIT WORKSHOP - ZAGREB, NOVEMBER 5-6, 2014.
The experimental site in 2011
Cv Golden Delicious
Verzuolo (Cuneo, NW Italy)
Spacing of plantation: 4.3 × 1.3 m
Length of rows: 130 m
Density: 1,790 plants/ha
LIFE + SUSAFRUIT WORKSHOP - ZAGREB, NOVEMBER 5-6, 2014.
2011
Alt’Carpo single-plot system
placed at the beginning of May
Control
Crank system
LIFE + SUSAFRUIT WORKSHOP - ZAGREB, NOVEMBER 5-6, 2014.
Pest monitoring
Weekly surveys for Cydia pomonella by means of
combo traps
Weekly surveys for Argyrotaenia pulchellana, Ostrinia nubilalis and
Cydia molesta by means of pheromone traps
Weekly surveys for fruit damage
(1,000 fruits at each survey)
Fruit damage at harvest
Control strategies
No mating disruption
Knock down treatment (Clorantraniliprole) at the beginning and at
the end of May on all the orchard
Alt’Carpo: treatments only if necessary (in relation to monitoring)
Control: treatments following advisory service
LIFE + SUSAFRUIT WORKSHOP - ZAGREB, NOVEMBER 5-6, 2014.
Cydia pomonella 2011
Cydia pomonella - Alt' Carpo
10
Cydia pomonella - Aziendale
Control
captures/trap
N. catture
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
10-mag
24-mag
7-giu
21-giu
5-lug
19-lug
2-ago
16-ago
30-ago
13-set
LIFE + SUSAFRUIT WORKSHOP - ZAGREB, NOVEMBER 5-6, 2014.
Cydia pomonella 2012
3
2
1,5
1
0,5
t
18
-se
t
se
4-
go
-a
21
o
ag
7-
g
24
10
C. pomonella - Alt'Carpo
-lu
g
-lu
iu
26
-g
iu
-g
12
ag
-m
29
15
-m
ag
ag
m
1-
-a
pr
0
17
N. catture/trappola
captures/trap
2,5
Control
C. pomonella - Aziendale
LIFE + SUSAFRUIT WORKSHOP - ZAGREB, NOVEMBER 5-6, 2014.
Cydia molesta 2011
Control
Cydia molesta - Aziendale
Cydia molesta - Alt' Carpo
8
N. catture
captures/trap
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
10-mag
24-mag
7-giu
21-giu
5-lug
19-lug
2-ago
16-ago
30-ago
13-set
LIFE + SUSAFRUIT WORKSHOP - ZAGREB, NOVEMBER 5-6, 2014.
Cydia molesta 2012
7
5
4
3
2
1
C. molesta - Alt'Carpo
18
-s e
t
t
se
4-
21
-a
go
o
ag
7-
g
24
- lu
g
- lu
10
iu
-g
26
iu
-g
12
ag
-m
29
15
-m
ag
ag
m
1-
pr
-a
17
ap
r
0
3-
N. catture/trappola
captures/trap
6
C. molesta - Aziendale
Control
LIFE + SUSAFRUIT WORKSHOP - ZAGREB, NOVEMBER 5-6, 2014.
Fruit damage 2011
Alt' Carpo
Aziendale
Control
2,5
1,5
1
0,5
*
tt
11
-o
t
4ot
et
27
-s
et
20
-s
et
13
-s
se
t
6-
-a
go
30
-a
go
23
-a
go
16
ag
o
9-
ag
o
2-
g
-lu
26
-lu
19
-lu
g
g
0
12
% danno
frutti
fruit aidamage
2
LIFE + SUSAFRUIT WORKSHOP - ZAGREB, NOVEMBER 5-6, 2014.
Fruit damage 2012
fruit damage
Control
LIFE + SUSAFRUIT WORKSHOP - ZAGREB, NOVEMBER 5-6, 2014.
Treatments
In 2011-2013 damage at harvest was lower or similar to that in the
control, but with a reduced number of chemical treatments
Year
Control strategy
harvest damage
n. treatments
2010
mating disruption
20.00%
5
only pesticides
0.28%
7
Alt’Carpo
0.09%
3
only pesticides
0.13%
6
Alt’Carpo
0.02%
1
2013
only pesticides
0.25%
4
(another apple
orchard)
Alt’Carpo
0.30%
1
2011
2012
LIFE + SUSAFRUIT WORKSHOP - ZAGREB, NOVEMBER 5-6, 2014.
Cost analysis
Anti-hail nets 18,000 €/ha
Alt’Carpo: additional costs 2,300 €/ha
15 years service life
2,300 €/ha : 15 years = 153.33 € per year/ha
+ 1 knock down treatment (93.39 €/ha) 246.72 € per
year/ha
Mating disruption
452.30 € per year/ha
LIFE + SUSAFRUIT WORKSHOP - ZAGREB, NOVEMBER 5-6, 2014.
Peach orchard
LIFE + SUSAFRUIT WORKSHOP - ZAGREB, NOVEMBER 5-6, 2014.
Aim
Reduce fruit damage (fruit drop and cat-facing) caused
by mirid bugs Lygus rugulipennis, Adelphocoris
lineolatus, Calocoris norvegicus.
Peach orchards neigbouring with winter cereals are the most
damaged by mirid bugs.
At harvest of weat and barley L. rugulipennis migrates to
neighbouring crops.
LIFE + SUSAFRUIT WORKSHOP - ZAGREB, NOVEMBER 5-6, 2014.
Anti-bug net
Net 1.4 × 1.7 mm
• Hooked to the anti-hail net
• Ground anchor system
Experimental trials
2009-2010
In collaboration with
financially supported by
Scheme of the experimental site in 2009-2010
N
40
39
38
37
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S
5
4
3
2
1
5
4
bean
41
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
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141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
3
maize
ROWS
peach
E
O
bean, maize, grass
net
rete
street
peach
2
1
11 rows
barley
maize
LIFE + SUSAFRUIT WORKSHOP - ZAGREB, NOVEMBER 5-6, 2014.
LIFE + SUSAFRUIT WORKSHOP - ZAGREB, NOVEMBER 5-6, 2014.
Fruit damage reduction
% dameged
frutti danneggiati
%
fruits
8
6
4
2
0
with
con net
rete
without
net
senza rete
Row
Fila 11
with
net
con rete
without
net
senza rete
Row
Fila 22
Reduction of fruit damage on the rows neighbouring herbaceous crops
LIFE + SUSAFRUIT WORKSHOP - ZAGREB, NOVEMBER 5-6, 2014.
Future perspectives
Use of different nets
Different colours
Different meshes
1 x 1.5 mm
0.6 x 1.6 mm
LIFE + SUSAFRUIT WORKSHOP - ZAGREB, NOVEMBER 5-6, 2014.
Future perspectives
To test exclusion nets against newly introduced pests
•Drosophila suzukii
•Halyomorpha halys
LIFE + SUSAFRUIT WORKSHOP - ZAGREB, NOVEMBER 5-6, 2014.

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listado de pesticidas autorizados en melocoton y ubicación

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