ARCHAEOLOGICAL
TEXTILES
NEWSLETTER
ATN,
10,
1990
EDITORIAL
begin
We
second
of
Dr
the
lOth
obituary
the
Department
Geijer
was
issue
this
of
a
of
time
A TN with our
of
Agnes
Textiles
great
in
pioneer
GelJer
miss
Stockholm.
whose
work
set a standard of excellence for the rest of
us
to
for
Margareta
follow
her well
As
for
only
remember
played
who
knew
describes her life and achievements
A TN.
Geijer
Nockert
through
w1 th
her
in
those
of
her
honour
establishing
textiles
as
discipline
Leaving
a
who
knew
publications
for
the
the
role
study
of
respectable
aside
current issue of
us
this
Dr
we
she
early
research
sadder
note
the
A TN contains much to inform
and entertain through the
summer months
As
usual the articles reflect the broad range of
interest
burials
from
We
of
in
our
readers
Denmark
Dynastic
to
Egypt
especially
from
17th
to
welcome
Bronze
century
a
note
on
Age
Germany
Merovingian
vast
collection of textile fragments emerging from
Mons
Claudianus
which
whets
future
One
breadth
occur
in
our
Roman
appetite
of the strengths
of
<is
there is
readership
usually
has
designs
one
issued
of
a
some
century French tomb
The
increasing
contributors
fruitful
for
of
With
call
more
taster
in
the
A TN is this
problem
pieces
our
m..moer
who
this in aund
for
help
braids
number
of
proving
is
a
or is it Coptic?)
amongst
silk
-
the
When
it Scandinavian
can shed some light
Boyer
Egypt
with
from
most
And
the
organised
by Frances
Text1les
Study
September
press
the
also
science-based
particularly
contribution
delighted
to
have
this subject - from
- aft-er all the confusion
of the media hype surrounding the Shroud
Meetings
regular
calender
part
and
of
It s
conferences
the
a
textile
pleasure
are
now
a
researcher s
to
see
for
their
We
wish
some
to
European
Textiles
them
good
see
will
fourth
a
spring
Copenhagen
York
was
publishers
Press
has
is
about
to
bedevilled
the
now has
scheduled
the
it
by
appear
early
Inst1tute
of
volume well in
to
appear
in
the
For further news of the publication
The success of conferences such as these
shows just how popular and important the
A TN
field of archaeological textiles is becoming
All
this
enthusiasm
structuring
and
does
how
perhaps
need
direction
The
and
structures
time
some
is now
ripe to organise ourselves and begin to think
about
tra1ning
this respect
career
the arrival of a
course
1n
new
course
MA
archaeological
but good
Finally
cartoon
at
we
spot
welcome
them.
out
any
we
the
of
vogue
has
for
car
any
Surely
return
our
stickers
just
of
readers
Dr
A TN s
have
I wonder 1f anyone
thoughts
on
and
the
T-shirt
appropriate to one s profession
has
do
11 be glad to hear from
In a similar vein
there
can
Wild s note on the
Manchester>
If
In
post-graduate
textiles
<see Dr
further offerings
which
the horse s mouth
am
North
as well as the increasing circulation of the
some real information on
one
With
Archaeology
friend
for
in
this
problems
provides an intelligible account for the non
I
which
meeting
and
in
the volume of papers from the 1ast
Although
summer
and
Geijer would have approved
on the radiocarbon dating of the Turin Shrud
scientist
With
Meanwhile
hand
together
meeting
weather
and the Early
Manchester
Archaeological
conference
convivial
Don t
Textiles
As this issue of A TN goes to
joining
triennial
NESAT
in
members�the
on
be
attended
East ern
Pritchard
Group
1990
Symposium
are
Far
7th
The work of the UMIST team on the
enlightening
on
nothing
spinning of fine linen yarn in Dynastic Egypt
is
these
one
Dr
the
a
the
watch this space'
France
the
enthusiastically
handed
me
current
slogans
An American
a
sticker
Archaeologists will date any old thing
set
me
researchers
Any more?
P
thinking
will
spin
How
you
about
any
old
Textile
yarn? ?
Walton
1
ATN
10,
1990
Colophon
NOTES TO CONTRIBUTORS
The Archaeological Text iles Newslet t er
Published 1n Leiaen
1SSN
The Ne t herlands
0 1 69-73 3 1
aims
The
to
Archaeologi cal
Texti les Newsletter
a source of information for
provide
t hose who are s t u dying t e x t iles primarily as
EDITORIAL BOARD
�
L
Bender J 0rgensen
Vogelsang-Eastwood
P
Walt on
G
and
p
J
Wila
Cont ributions to t he
archaeological object s
are
Newsletter
welcome
and
should
be
in
accordance wi t h t his concept
PUBLICATION
DATES
Twice-yearly
May
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November
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Work
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Progress
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sec t io n
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t he
t he
s1te
found
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of
t he
is
a
showing
maximum
t he
of
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f rom
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follow1ng
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where
relevant
when
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range
responsible
ana
t he
dat es
t he
text iles
are t o be published
exceed
is
museums
founa
t he
cat aloguing
t his
ana
study
for example
contain
about
t ex t iles were
t extiles
t he
text iles
or
snoul.d
excavat ed
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�
Textiles
LOGO
Vogelsang
The
depict ion
It
may
subscription
be
necessary
charges
or
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producing
t he A TN if members ignore t hese poin t s
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logo
is
on
a
Odenburg/Soporn
illust r a t ion
t aken
Halls t a t t
Hungary
shows
spinning and weaving
t hree
t he
f ro m
urn
The
women
f amou s
found
at
original
who
are
ATN
10,
1990
AGNES GEIJER 1898-1989
Dr
1 989
of
Agnes
90
Geijer
years
what
old
lat er
Department
of
died
on
From
1 9 30
bec ame
t he
known
Cent ral
t ex t ile
years
finds
from
t hesis
Bi rks
III
archaeological
such
an
t ex t iles
and
Textile
of
Nat ional
She was an
t han
worked on
and
was
in
t he
and
t he
60
t he
1 938
her
sus
t he first
were
ext ensive
investigation
t he
Texti lfunde
Tnts
July
was head
more
she
Birka
Die
appeared
Gr/Jbern
for
1 930 s
t extile
as
Sweden
researcher
During t ne
1 7t h
she
Board
Antiquities in St ockholm
active
t he
den
t ime
subject
of
comprehensive
book
can
now
be
regaraed as a classic
At
of
a n early
t he
dat e Agnes Geijer was aware
int ernational
research
Centre
import ance
of
t ex t ile
She was one of t he founders of t he
Int ernational a E t u de
des
Text iles
Anciens
<CIETA>
in
Lyon
and
from
t he
s t art
< 1 954) she was one of t he vice presiaent s
She
was
involved in
t he
work
concerning
t ex t ile t erminologies in different languages
In
1 967
t he
Terminology
first
was
Scandinavian
published
as
Textile
well
as
t he
Scandinavian languages also included Engltsh
German and Frencn
Aft er
she
had
retired
she
published
her
magnum opus
A Hi story of Texti le Art
It
contains revised a n d amended versions o f her
earlier
writ ings
as
well
as
a
considerable
amount of new ma t erial
The
published
1928- 1 978 cont ain
writings
of
Agnes
Geijer
1 75 t i t les covering a wide
field of t ex t ile research
For
her
90t h
birthday
in
present e d With a Fest schrift
Wit h
essays
on
various
1988
she
was
Opera Texti li s
subj e c t s
wit hin
t he
t ex t ile field
Agnes
t hrown
Geij er
light
Scandinavian
art
Her
on
has
t hrough
import ant
European
and
ambition was
to
her
research
fields
wit hin
Oriental
t ex t ile
obtain
credit
Agnes Geijer < 1898-1989>
for
t ex t ile research as a subj e c t
Agnes Geij er was a colourful a n d dynamic
person
and
import ant
to
all
of
us
working
TWO LECTURES ON CHINESE TEXTILES
wit h t ex t iles
M.
Between
Chtnese
Nockert
S t a t ens Hist oriska Museer
St ocKholm
Sweaen
<Text ilge Sec t ion)
reaa
Sept ember
t ex t tle
t wo
L e c t ures
respecttvely
ttolland
at
L ns t t t u t e
at
Dr
t he
Non-West ern
17th
n1st or1an
and
Baa
Leiaen
Baa
ana
M1ngxin
1nv1 t a t 1on
St ud1es
2 1st
of
and
t ne
Mlngxtn
Rot t erdam
w1ll
t he
t he
Wl L l
v1sit
Cen t r e
of
StnoLog1cal
bo t h of Leiden Univers1ty
and t he
Museum Boymans-van Beuntngen
Rot t erdam
Bao
Mlngxtn
orotessor
and
1s
direc tor
of
Centre
He
assoctat e
t he
Tex t i e
Ch1na
1s
found
an
a
in
Letden
Texttle
soecialist
wes t ern
pat t erned orocades
In
Sept ember
t ex t tle
on
Researcn
Shanghai
earLy
h1s
Wlll
t ex t i L e s
Lecture
deal
wtt n
at
wef t
Defore a n d during t he han
Ro t t erdam,
20t h
t he
China
Universtt y
period
htstory
Un1verst t y
he
on
Thursaay
w1ll
collec t ton of t he
t alk
eventng
aoout
Forbtdden C1 t y
t he
<in
conjunc t ion wit h t he spec1al exhtb l t ion about
t he
1mpenal
palaces
van Beun1ngen>
informat1on
1n
t he
Museum Boymans
For mor e det ails and fur t her
p ease cont act
Wtllem Vogelsang
Centre of Non-West ern S t uates
2300 R A Letden
Tne Net herlanas
P 0
Box 95 1 5
<07 1-2 722 10)
3
ATN
10
1990
THE BRONZE AGE BELT FROM BREDH0J
An
exhibition
of
excavat ion of BredhGj
a t Holst ebro Museum,
For
t he
occasion
it ems
has
West
t he
f rom
recently
t he
been
J ut land
held
DenmarK
Na t i onal
Museum
A
in
�� �
Copenhagen t emporarily ret urned t he t r easures
belonging t o BredhGj
Among t he grave goods
�
was an int eresting piece of t ex t ile
Breahej
f our
B C )
of
was
Only
aescri bed
one
as
Age
oak
a
being
made
and
much
a
of
report
wool
Over
half
a
belt
1t
in
was
several
P r ov1ded
t hat
t he t ot al lengt h is
em ana it was probably knit t ed
proauced
cof fln
rest 1ng
clot hing
brown
not hing was lacking
1 800
t runk
woman s
excava t ion
held
<c
The
preserved
of
It
1 88 5
an
been
i t em
t he
narrow
p1eces
was
have
In
in
Bronze
badly
to
f ouna
t he
which
and
supposed
place
excava t ed
from
one
compressed
is
was
t ombs
cent ury
an account
of
ago
Dr
t he belt
in
M.
105
Hald
her book
Costumes of the Bronze Age in Denmark <Danish
vers1on
1 935
wro t e
English
version
1 940)
The ma t erial is fine S-spun wool
but
t oo fragile f or a close examinat io n
and t he
t echnique
plait ed
worked
fashion
up
The belt
regularly carried
apart
a
has an
out
s or t
shows
plain
across
t he
has been worked
Before
She
from which
band
where
f ound
it
end t he belt
B o t h ends are f ringed
t he Nat ional Museum dared t o lend
fragile
replace
whole
one end
weaving
impossible t o decide
of
f!l
open-work pat t ern
from a piece of 5 em at
analysis
t he
in
�r.,..
She
t he
t ex t ile
mount
it
a
was
glas s
necessary
to
sandwich
wit h a
We
cardboard
of
acid- free
passe-par t out
t hen discovered t he construction o f
t he belt
�
s
and named i t
Weaving in tabby with individual
crossing weft thread&
Tablet s seem t he most appropriat e weaving
implement s
as
the
work
progresses
in
t wo
s t ages
a>
moving t he
tablet s
<each
t ablet
holding
two t hreads> in order t o make t he shed
b)
c
working t he wef t t hreads across while t he
table t s
are
released
Each
s t age
requires
bot h hands for progressing
J.n
well
t he
known
history
f or
its
Weaving
in
several
variations
combination
belt
A
plain
of
of
t he
man y
weave
is
Denmark
Age
finds
braiding
unusual
we
see
A
is
but
in
�
wi t h
t he
�
t he
from BredhGj is a surprise
N0rgaard and E
0st ergaard
Bevaringssekt ionen
DK-2800 Lyngby
Denmark
4
not
Bronze
and
t echniques
Nat ionalmuseet
Brede
t ex t iles
Fig
1
The Bredhej belt
Jl..
y,
r� ,
tfi
�
ATN
Fig
2
Reweaving the Bredhej belt
Fig
3
Structure of the Bredhej belt
10,
1990
Fleece-types of the Bredh•J belt
The
samples
were
examined
at
x400
magnificat ion and t he aiamet ers of 100 fibres
recorded
ob tained
The
f ollowing
measurement s
were
(figures in microns>
Warp
range 9-30J.L
mode 19J.L
� 17 9 4 2
Pearson c oe f f
of
skew +0 5 7J.L
posit ivel y
skewed 1' medulla t ed
1� pigment ed
<Fine >
Warp
range
12-26
80J.L
� 19J.L
mean
20 1 8 6
Pears on
c oe f f
of
skew
+0 45J.L
posit ively skewe d
2� medulla t ed <1� k emp>
1� pigment ed
<Hair y Medi um>
This indicat es t hat
and
wef t
was
very
t he wool o f bot h warp
fine
alt hough
t he
wef t
included one o f t he very coarse fibres called
kemp
P
Walt on
DraWings
I
Skals
of wool and t est
N
�
for dye
Brede
P
Examina t ion
Walt on
York
.J s
5
(
ATN,
10
1990
Um
den
Inhalt
analysieren
Das
des
wurde
R6ntgenbild
zu
zeig t e
geleg t e
una
a1e
BUndel von
e1n
BUndels
es
optisch
n!chst
mehr fach
zusammengepreBt e
ca
36
t i erische
Res t e
vor
em
L!nge
allem Wurzeln-
durchzogen
das
jeder
Behandlung
wurden
wei t eren
Text ilrest e
und
TechniK
spielt
der
erm1 t t elt
zahlreiche
Vor
im
Chemie
aullerordent liche
Rolle
PH
aer
Inneren
in
4 8
=
cnemische
chemische
em
und
BUndel
PH-Wert
e1ne
22
Pflanzliche
Pilzgeflechte
aer
zusammen
Textilfl!chen
Bre1 t e und 9 - 1 0 em H6he ergaben
und
zu
ger6 u t gt
oeeinfluB t
<Er
Vorg!nge
insbesondere
aller
Gleichgewic htsreakt ionen
Ar t )
Die
t eKt ilen
schwer
BUndel
liellen
auseinanderfalten
reinigen
Es
organische
war
n6tig
Mat erial
Schimmelbef all
und
gegen
zu
aozut 6t en
Denn groBe
mit
beginnende
Konidienblldung
f!rbt
zur
waren
zuvor
G a t t ung
gesamt e
bzw
e1ner s t arken
berei t s
blaugrUn
Proben von
entnommen
Penicillium
und
aiese
Pilzmyzel
wurden beobacht et
St ellen
das
Bakt erien-
Partien
weiBem
sehr
bedingt
behandeln
V erpilzung
sicn
nur
und
ver
diesen
als
geh6rig
Pilz
bestimmt
Nun er f olg t e eine grUndliche Desin fekt ion und
TEXTILRESTE DES 16
JAHRHUNDERTS AUS DUISBURG
AM NIDERRHEIH
Diese wurde m1 t Thymol
Fungizidbehandlung
<Thymiachamper
2-Isopropyl-5-Methylphenol
3-p-Cymenol>
sauer
Seit
1980
Museum
fUhrt
das
Ni ederrheinische
arch!ologische
umfangreiche
Unt ersuchungen
durch
in
Sie
der
Duisburger
bracht en
Siedlungsfolge
vom
eine
5
Alt s t ad t
unun t erbrochene
Jahrhundert
bis
in
unsere Zeit
organiscne
der
Funde
Altst adt
Bereich
Erhalt ungsbedingungen
wurden
eines
der
besteht
und um
1m
8
westlichen
Sie
Jahrhundert
Auf
wohl
diesen
herum
die
der
Teil
1m
verlandet en
9
alt en
Jahrhundert
Marktschichten
Wohnquart iere
frUhen
Neuzeit
grol!e
der
Uberaus
Mengen
organischen
Funde
zusammengedrUckt
wie
in
Aqua
dest
auf
abgepinselt
entnommen
des
konservieren
und
zu
wissenschaf t lich
einem
schwierigen
Fundmat erial
aas
h!ufig noch vernachl!ssigt wird
Ein
Beispiel
werden
Res t e
Zwei groBe
kamen
gemauert en
zu
der
soll
einem
amorphe
1984
in
BUrgerhaus
Klumpen
einer
aer
frUhen
am Alt en
Fundzusammenhang
Keramik- und Glas f unde
Mit t e
vorgest ellt
Be1
wurden
enemaligen
winklig
lagen
aem
bis
zweit en
Ziegeln
Sie geh6rt
N e uzei t
MarKt
Aus
kommen
des
Zwei
grolle
Gewebe
war
mit
t ext iler
R es t e
also
6
ohne
n ur
noch
der
ein
andere
war
nur
mit
erkennbaren
t o t al
noch
aall
welches
rec h t
Fadenverkreuzung
nebenelnDurch
und
Teil
parallelliegenden Faden konn t e die vergangene
als
Gewebebild
optisch
erhalt en
Die
Oberfl!cne
eben falls
m1 t
Polyacrylat
Aqua
D
dieses
dest
312
Gewebes
gereiningt
getr!nkt
wurae
und
Es
Dies gelang nicht
TeK til
einlagig
gelegt
aie
gefest igt e
konn t e
nicht
werden
Die
wurden
des
noch
Gewebelangen
abzul6sen
die
ein
Lbsen
Block
das
auseinander
den
fest
Verlust
Bindungsbildes
so mull t e das BUndel
1m
ozw
nachfolgenden
Schichten waren so
dall
Uberlie f er t en
bedeut e t h!t t e
12
Sit e
m1 t
wurae
analog z u behandeln
Erde und pflanzlichen
und
damit best immt werden
um
16
aie
zum
auseinanderzufal t en
reiche
Es
vergangen
Einzel faden
Lage
vom
Fadensyst em
versucht
Rest en vermischt und f est zusammengeprellt zur
Konservierung Ubergeben
einen
verzicnt et
festgest ellt
Das
zusammengeprellt
BUndel
auf
von
Jahrhunaerts
in nassem Zustand
muBt e
dem
Sie st ammen aus der
H!l f t e
Teil
wurde
kreuz t e
Bindung
t ext 11 er
aus
Kloake zum Vorschein
Schwanenst ral!e
gleichen
nier
desolat en
p flanzliche Res t e
ander
bei
vorher
den
un d mi tkonserv1ert
zusammengepreB t e
Ergebnissen
Durch
s o dall Erdpar t ikel
fUhrt e
z u Uberraschenden
get r!n k t
1 m Bunael verblieben
bearbei t en erwies sich als sehr hilfreich und
bereits
312
syn
waren
ReinigungsprozeB
vorhanden
aus
Analyse
FadenbUndels
den
TeKt ilien
D
eines
Acryls!urebasis)
woraen
1nt ensiven
werden
Polyacrylat
Dispersion
zur
Gewebeb1ndung
ThUringens
fest
ger einigt
Oberfl!che
mit
< weichmacherfreie
das
und
D uisburger Grabungen in seinen Werks t ! t t en zu
Teil
und
recht
deutlich
eine
Beide Teile w uraen
der
und
allein
nicht
16sen
kann
Angebo t
des
Museums
FrUhgeschicht e
andere
Lagen
vorsicntig
voneinander gel6st
und
e 1 nzeln
wel t erbearoeit et
Das Faaengew1rr wurde m 1 t
u a
wurde
Ur-
Der
zusammengeprellt
lieB
Gewebebinaung erkennen
Leder
Knochen
P flanzenres t e und TeKtilien
brachten Problema
die ein st !dt isches Museum
So
fUr
e t was
die in vielen Schichten
mehreren
t he t ischen Harzes
Holz
leicht
BUndel
waren
Fadenproben
darun t er
Mat erials
t eKt ilen
geschlungenen F!den
Zus t and
h!ufigen
gel6st
auseinanderge f altet
bestand
durcheinander
unoeorduet
mit
angeschnit t en werden
Die
Spirit us
durchgefUhrt
des
Abf allgruben
und
Kloaken
fUr
liegt
zen t r alen
dem
zahlreiche
und
zahlreichen
dem
seit
konn t en
Mit t elalt ers
im
anget rof f en
Rheinverlaufes
Markt
Eines
gelockert
und
aus
recht
ebenfalls
Besonders g ut e
in
pH-Wert 6
ca
1 0-
konserviert
Map 1
The old city of Ouisburg shoW1ng the medieval courses of the Rhine
and Ruhr r1 vers
j
einem
zwei t e
gangen
bil det e
Eiweil! fasern
gut e
Erh a l t ungsbedingungen
z B
Wol l e
von
Weil
dem
zweiten Fadensyst em nicht mehr die geringst en
1st
sind
finden
zu
Spuren
Zel lul ose f a sern
aus
F l achs>
zeigt
deut liche Einarbeitung
aas
gel egen
Wahrscheinlichkei t
mit
1st
das
Fadenmat erial
vorliegende
schliel!en
Gewebe
im
gespannt
Sie
Dies wiederum
Fadensy s t em
zwei t e
straff
mull
Schul!garn
Mischung
e1ne
Gewebes
eines
l angst apeligen Woll- und Grannenhaaren
und
ohne
lich
Die
und
volumin8s
f l auschig
zugfest
und
gesponnen
scharf
aus
mit
ursprUng
vie l l eicht
hingegen
Ket t fl:lden
Fl achsfasern
war
aus
geareht
sind vergangen
Rotlstoffaateml
Sctlafwolle
ut kreuz
Wall
Schu8
6rannen
und Shctleltllare
Ste und separat
aufberettet und beshaat worden
30 Kerne von Fzcus c�rzd, Fetgen
17 Kerne von Wun Vztzs rznzferl
10 Kerne von Fr�guu vescd, Erdbeere
1& Kerne von Sullkusclle Prun/JS lVl/11
2 Kerne und etntge Stucke van Pf1�1111 Prunus doustzc.J
1 Kern von Apfel lfl/111 dollstu1
2 Kerne von Broabeere Rubus uesz/JS
11 Kerne von Htabeere Rubus ullew
2 Fhegentonnctlen
Inuttente1le <Fllege?l w1e Flugelstuctctlen und Fuhler
1 Knoctlenstuct von Vogel l'l Phll1nx przH
verautllctl Zellulo;efasern
22 5
Auszatllprobe
& Schu8fiden
J ahrhundert
1
u
werden konnten
datiert
angesetzt
16
das
in
prl:lzise
recht
und
wuraen
Das
Ergebnis
der
Das 1st
die
ergl:lnzt
••
vetch
gecreht
starke
5 Kettfaden <rechnermh erattteltl
und
Zeit
vorliegt
so
als
1st
Dat 1erung ein Beleg
es
fUr
Kenntnisse
gebrl:lu chlichen
Funds t Uck
noch
nur
neuzeit lichen
bisherigen
d1eser
zu
die
Wenn das
Text ilien
zerst8rt
t e xt i l t echnischen
frUhen
dieses
flber
Rest
u x
Mit t el a l t ers
des
Erforschung
zur
bewul!t
in
wurden
die Text i l obj ekt e
Umso wicht iger werden nun
die
zu
Zeit
gesichert
Grabungen
auf
Duisburg
l e t z t er
in
die
Funden
geh8rt
Beispiel
vorge l egt e
Das
bedeut enden
Unt ersuchungen
8
aas
AS ca Fadenbundel
Dei archl:lol ogischen Textilien nicht immer der
Etnarbettung
x
x
Bet aer Aufberettung des Fadenaateruls tonnten hermhe
Fal l
Le 1 nwandb1ndung
S Oraht 6arn
ut
welche
und querltegenden Faden
Gewebes
Kette
�7 ca
eheaaltge Btndungsbtld ernalten tst
Faaenbundel
durch
Faden
und der frUhen Neuzeit dieser S t adt
langstapellg
ut und anne ftarkkanal
Bl ndung
welches
Markkanalrest en
gesponnen
dal!
<Baumwool
Das vorhandene Fadenma t erial
das
au f
welches
anzunehmen
best and
diese
Hanf
haben
aehrlagtgu
ca
18
x
zuuaaenhangenaen
saurer
Gerbsl:luren
und
Humus-
Mat erial s
organischen
des
Fundumgebung
Bereich
ll:l l! t
ca
parallelltegenden
und pflanzltche Rests uchergestellt werden
Die
fUr
AO
6enatgro9e
ver
t ot al
1st
Gewebes
dieses
Fadensyst em
Sie
zu
Das
leinwandbindigen Gewebe geh8rt e
gut
grebe
gesponnen
welches
Fadensyst em,
ein
bil det en
l ocker
und
weich
Wol lgarne
relativ
sind
R es t e
t ex t i l en
erhal t enen
und
vorliegenden
Die
werden
1990
10,
ATN,
auch
s t ark
unvo l l s t l:lndiger
docn
aufgrund
der
die untersch1edliche
Verarbeitung der Woll- und Z e l l u l osef asern in
aieser
Ze1 t
Aul!erdem
1st
die
GrBI!e
aes
7
ATN,
1990
10,
fUr
nyg i e n i scne
neraus
der
Rest e
Sc i ent i f ique
C R A
wuraen oder
beschr i ebene
Gruppe
d i eser
t echnologischen
haben
gehanaelt
Dat en
t echntschen
Die
-drehung
FaaenstHrke
GewebestUck
gr6Beres
ein
um
s i ch
es
und
stna
Gewebe d i c ht e
wol l iger
we icner
Rohs t o f f mat e r i a l
Das
d i cker
volum1n6ser
aadurch
und
und physi k a l i sch st ark abgebaut
Eine Walke
aes ign>
Text 1 1
�rt
ein
Plaid
Hhn l i ch
der
aus
aen
zusammenge f a l t e t e
Z i egelkloaKe
Vorhang
oder
Bet t - Tepp i c hen
e i ne
geborgen
Tepp i c h
aUnner
der
M5nche
des
M1 t t e l a l t ers
Museum f
Ur- und FrUhgesch 1cht e ThUri ngens
G
\
geome t r i c
and
pat t erns
t he
f or
anima!
t ext i l e s
oraids
Byzant i ne
Near
have
<we
f or
on
soumak
t he
on
or
some
and
2
2
on
bra i d
f rom
et c
p a i nt i ngs
East ern
1
nos
Cop t i c
document s
par a l l e l s
any
Do you Know o f
t he
to
para l l e ls
braids
pat t erns
al ready
ScandinaVla>
The
blue
1 to 5
red f or t�e ground
search1ng
are
We
Krause
s t y l izea
are
f or
(alt ernat ing)
green
separat ive pat t ern
N i ede rheini sches Museum der S t adt Duisburg
geomet r i c
yel l ow f or pa t t erns
c o l ours are
or
Wei mar
5
t echnique
weaving
the
of
f o llowi ng
pat t erns
t he
course
Wlld
t he
<soumak >
separat ive design
6
because
a n i mal
horned
�
ani mal
hump
3
b i rd
2
f ac i ng
mou t h
open
w1 t n
beast
water
a
2
arrangement
<dromeaary ?)
backed animal
pa t t ernea
of
jet
big
a
liKe
t he
shows
pat t ern
Farke
< t wo
geomet r i c
one
s oumak
a
by
separat ea
looKing
Of
H
Doub le-faced
mm.
and
animal
one
or
2
Fig
�0
Widt h
Series of groups o f t wo pat t erns
design
das
war
2
B r a i d no
weave
a n i ma l s
war n i cht nachzuwei sen
V i e l l e i cht
t he
of colours is d i f f erent
arrangement
chem1sch
1st
1)
but
braid
t he
on
tWice
repeat ea
are
(fig
Several pat t erns
blue
yel l ow
red
Colours
pat t erns
geome t r i c
t omb
Doub l e- f aced
1 8 mm
Wi d t h
B r a i d no
weave
N 1 ne
Merov1ngian
royal
a
woven b r a i ds from
(about 680 A D )
u r sprUngl i c h
Gewebe
das
war
is
France)
<Draguignan
s t u dy i ng f r agment s o f polychrome s i l k t ab l e t
Mit
von dem vor l i egenden Zust and abgenommen
Si cherhelt
conservat1on-
de
Laborato1re
t ext11en
Merkma l e und der v i e len gef a l t e t en S c h i c h t e n
muB
The
Cent re Nat i onal de la Recherche
aus
der
Aufgrund
ON
PATTERNS
restaurat1on
Das
s i nd
fHl l t
aber
WITH
PARALLELS
me i s t
Zwecke verwendet
Schne 1 dere i ab f a l l e
Text i l bUndel
K l e i nen
die
aaB
angenommen
Of
SEARCH
Wird
So
m6g1 i ch
verwendung
IN
MEROVINGIAN TABLET-WOVEN BRAIDS
f rUheren
zur
Angaben
kaum
st ark
und
Ernalt ungszu st anaes
f ragment i ert en
Erna l t ungsgr5Be
me i s t e
den
Jewe i l s
des
wegen
stnd
Objekt en
Bei
au f fg l l i g
Text i l fundes
f rom
paral l e l s
a
1f poss i o l e
<wi t h t he i r aat e and o r i g i n) ?
design or a phot ograph wou l d be most we l come
P l ease
Laborat o i r e
Mlreur
1�1 1%:31 ����
J
B
R
R
83300 D ragu1gnan
We are
cooperat i on
Dr
N
very
rue
19
S
Boyer
R
Dr
to
wr i t e
C
Fr�d� r i c
France
grat e f u l
to
you
for
your
Boyer
A
1�11�11�1
'I
Q
3
1�1 1�11:®?1
K
8
il
Fig
1
The geometric patterns from Bra1d 1
Fig
2
The animal and geometric patterns from Braid 2
A.TN,
THE SPINNING OF FINE ROYAL OR BYSSOS LINEN
The
examples
survive
in
of
museums
linen
byssos
which
in
( 21
w e re
broken
a o wn
to
bundle
at
t he bunales
u l t ima t e
fo r m
the
not
survive
t he
1843
aislocat ion pat t ern crosses t he yarn t hen t he
samp l es were t hin and t ransparent
yarn was assembled from bund l e s joined end t o
commented
( ll
and o f a very delicat e nature
dissect ed
measured
a
number
t he
yarn
sys t e m
as
pound>
or 5 9 t e x
280
of
t hese
count
l eas
in
in
f abrics
t he
<84 000
Thomson
and
finest
yards
yarn
to
<grams/1000 metres>
t he
Such
in
t he
t he
last
finest
Two Brotners
a n d SEM
pat t erns
finest
in
at
UMIST
have only 7-12
t ne
yarn
has
shown
t ha t
f l ax fibres
cross-section
t he
<u l t imat es >
Assessment s
of
o f t en
run
t he cross-sect ion
involved
t he
t Wist ing
and
t hem
f ree
hairs
Hasan
or on models
mode l
f rom
Bahari
t he
In
arop-spind l e
prefered
of
cases
spinning
wou l d
seem
even t hree sp1ndles at
at t ractive
t hat
yarns
of
such
t he
fineness
research resul t s
t he
at
proposition very doub t ful
Whi l s t
Dynastic
spinners achieved such high
recent
be
a t ime
conclude
f luency 1n t he 1 r w o r k t hat
of
to
or
spinners operat ing
two or
mas t e r
t he
Deir�-ei
Meket-Re
method wit h some
to
I
as
suspended-spind le
it
is
Be rli
at
of workshops such
t omb
bot h
Khety
levels
of
drop- spinning
was
possib l e
UMIST make such a
i f not impossib l e
Fol l owing
t he
t he
fibres
involves
c l eaning and
t he
process
of
t wo main processes
a t t enua t ion
of
t he
fibre
separation
hand
of
spinning
a r a f t 1ng
arrangement
or
t he
down
to
of
Work
t hat
in
provided
by
Tut mosis
ill
f rom
made-up of single
across
f l ax
a
t he
al l
dis l ocat ion
t he
fibres
in
ribbons
stalk
of
wit h
t he
f rom
s t a l ks
t he
helping
consequence
and
bun d l es
wet t ed
t he
t he
and
pec t 1 nous
spllcing
yarns
resu l t ant
were
fabrics
were t ransparent Wit h a c l ean sur fa c e
W
D
Cooke
Dept
and A
Brennan
of Text 1 l es
UMIST
Manchest er
England
( 11
J
Thomson
c l ot hs
London
Magazine,
5
( 21
The Problem.
t he
are
t ogether
As
of
t omb
probably
process
t omb
t he
Spinning in t his situat ion
s t ripping
broken
gums in
t he
t hose
t ogether and
pa1ntings
as
confi rmed
as
t he yarns
t n e methods used t o s p 1 n such yarns i n t he
Dynastic
period
are
based
mainly
on
t omb
such
if
ana by Manches t e r Museum f rom t he t omb of t he
bundles spl 1 c ed
examination
such
Bol t on Museum f rom t he
spin d l e
<charka)
Conversely
mont h nas
yarns
Dacca
o r w 1 t h t he u s e o f a w h e e l
yarn
end by a process o f adhesive splicing
auring
yarns are c l ose in count t o t he finest Indian
mu slins spun using a support ed
dis l oc a t ions
wou l d
t ex t i l e
Thomson
t hese
a
If
surprise and admirat ion in t he l ayman and t he
James
generat e
u l t imat es
of
alike
c o l l e c t ions
of
t he same point
1990
arrangement
expert
and
majority
precisely
10,
M.
M.
<1843 )
M.
flbres of j u t e
Examination
and
Edinburgh
Agri cul tural
mummy
355
Rahman
Morphol ogy
of
t he
f l ax and hemp as seen unaer a
scanning e l e c t ron microscope
of
of
Phi l osophi cal
Science,
49
Indian Journal
6 (1979)
no
483-487
a t hickness c l ose t o t he final yarn diame t er
f o l l owed
against
t he
by
tWist
t wist
spinn1ng
7-12
insertion
to t he final
of
and
count
u l t ra-fine
draf t 1ng
Wit h c ot t on
yarns
Wit h
fibres in t he yarn crosq-sect ion
no
t echnical
development
probl ems
of
o t her
t he necessary
only
poses
t han
skil l s
t he
because
t he fibres are separat e and d r a f t f reely down
to
such
t he
low
numbers
fibres
In
occur
u l t imates
and
t he
in
t he
case
bundles
normal
hackling process does not
were
would
only
to
be
1-3
cross-sect ion and i t
3-20
and
break t hese bun d l e s
spun
cont ain
linen
ret t ing
If u l t ra-fine
aown t o individual f i b r e f or�
yarns
of
of
f rom
bundles
bundles
in
is dif ficu l t
t hey
t he
yarn
t o imagine
drop-spind l e spinning under t hose condit ions
Consequent l y
either have
f or�
or
Dynast i c
reduced
fibre
t he
preparation
flax
to
must
u l t imat e
t he u l t ra-fine yarns were assemb l ed
in some
ot her way t han by d r a f t ing and t Wist
)
insertion
SEM photographs of 'byssos' linen
Some Answers
Whi l s t our at t e mp t s t o reduce modern t ank
ret t ed
s t alks
instructive
saturat ed
subst i t u t e
act ion
to
u l timat e
requiring
sodium
f or m
hours
c arbonat e
f o l l owed
such
5
by
have
as
int ensive
experiment s
and
been
boiling
a
in
nat ron
mechani c a l
t he
a t t endant
conject ures on Dynastic chemi s t ry have proved
unnecessary
samples
The
t hemselves
examina t ion
answer
and
is
lies
F l a x u l t i ma t es
in
dislocat ions
known
as
nodes
t heir
These
in
t he
revealed
show
fibrilar
noaes
byssos
Wit h
SEM
t ransverse
s t ruc t u re
cross
t he
9
1990
10,
ATN,
Clysma (C leopa t rls)
0
50
100
.____...__--..J
K lometa
SINAl
uke Kome(?)
Mons
Nechesia(
Map 2 Map of Egypt shoW1ng the posit1ons of
Mons Claudianus and Quseir al-Qadim
J«>NS CLAUDIANUS
a
excavating
of
collect ion
first
the
one
bet ween
a samp l e
Only
groups
but
examined
been
one
form
Text i l es
already been found
of
is
group
�8 o f
t hey
are
vege t ab l e
t abbies
No
so-cal l ed
About
group o f
out
made
s/s
form
Coptic
t apestries
f abrics are of
from z/z-spun yarn
t ex t i l e s are t wi l l s
t hese are z/z
2/2
mos t o f
()ne
spln-pat t erned
t wi l l
a
2/ 1
211
aamask
<supposedly
oand
only
recorded
earlier
Qadim,
t he
n e arby
at
t wi l l
wool
on
t wi l l
aiamond
3/1
f abrics
rare
O t her
earliest
t he
dyed
resist
polychrome
of
Quseir
samp l e o f
a
al
shaded
crx\�Ta\ mentioned
t�va\
i t he
a
Peripl us of t he Eri t hraean Sea 2�)
and an a l most comp l e t e knit t e a
cheni l l e rug
child s sock
The
Mons
C l audianus
t extiles
fit
wel l
into a pat t ern est ablished by a cont emporary
but mu ch smal l er t ex t i l e c o l l e c t ion excavated
at Quseir a l -Qadim [2]
L
Bender J0rgensen
one
t he lat t er wit h a repeat
[ 11
Bender
t ext iler
i
J
Forhi st oriske
Copenhagen
Skaninavi en
Bender
L
(1986>
European
J0rgensen
Text i l es
J0rgensen
un t i l
A D
Nor t h
1000
< fort hcoming>
or
few s/s or z/s
and
exsample
supposedly
is
one
s/s
are resi s t - dyed woo l
int erest
special
wef t - f aced
o f t en
t he
20� of
Of
t abbies
fibres
one
similar weaves
10
Three hundred and eigh t y
red
notched
t wi l l z/s
e s t imat e
conservative
Virring
and
Odry
t he
types
c lo t h
types respectively [1]
as yet
t apestry bands in purp l e
were found
A sma l l
500 has
c
Two o f t he l a t t er are L-shaped
have
and many
or blue
t he
find
major
t he
of
of
Woo l l en
hair c l o t h
main
a
wool
pieces were o f
t he
to
a minimum o f 25 000 pieces have
suggest s t hat
2�
aates
midden
second
t he
narrow
1 38- 1 6 1 )
<A D
Ant on1ne perioa
a
a
t hat
or
sabakh
1 17
and
1 10
A D
and
-
and
provide
pot sherds
on
framework
chrono logical
l arge
l e t t ers
i e
ost raca,
writ t en
accoun t s
A
Desert
East ern
Egypt s
in
C l audianus
Mons
at
fort
Roman
of
been
have
archaeologi s t s
and
group
int ernat ional
an
1987
Since
philologist s
Nort n
can oe 1den t ified wit h t wo dist1nc t ive
European
diamond
of 20/ 1 8
D
in
Text i l es
East wood
M.
[21 G
Qusei r al -Qadi m
Johnson
Whit comb and J
1980
Prel i mi nary Report
M alibou
ATN,
A BRONZE AGE OAK COFFIN FROM NYB0L
DENMARK
RADIOCARBON
DATING
OF
NATURAL
10,
1990
FABRICS
THE
TURIN SHROUD
In
1888
skeleton
an
oak
c o f fin
wit h
a
ext ensive t ext i l e remains
ma l e
and some
art efac t s dat ing t o t he Bronze Age was f ound
at Nyb e l near t he t own of A benrA
Denmark
Alt hough
t he
exhibi t s
of
Nyb0l
AbenrA
Man
The
Nyb0l
at
selvedges
l arge
t ex t i l e s
l east
and
c omprise
crochet
fragment s
of
a
a
t hick
wool l en
and
sugges t ing t hat
st ar
enough
5
been
dif f erent
woo d en
a
:
wit h
holl ow
f inishing
finer
cloth
s t raight
t he
never
of
l ong
m
regular s t arting border
bot h
have
remains
2 04.
a
of
s t range ly
grave
ext ensive
b l anket
one
Museum,
t he t extiles of t he
examined in det ail
fabrics
is
border
c l ot h
wit h
a
end simp l e selvedges
wit h simp l e
curved
selvedges
t he
la t t er
t he fabric was from a c l assic
During recent
months
t here
supposedly
old
fabrics
using
Ac c e l erat or Mass Spectrometer
raaiocarbon dating
il l-ln f ormed
content
e xp l ain
end l abel l ed a
fragment s
belt
which
wnereas a l l
and
were
ot her
all
four
edges
fin a l l y t wo s ma l l
made
of
z/z
yarn
f abrics were s/z as normal
in t ne Danish Bronze Age
The
wnich
most
Al l
living
c arbon
t hey
organisms
dioxide
die
ref l ec t
Wlth
t heir
and p l an t s
t he
is
unique
Bronze
Age
simi l ar
It
to
be
t l ed
but t on
course
perhaps
be
hung
a
of
t he
around
t he
can
may
rad1 ocarbon
waist
a
pal lium
be
Catholic
t he
exc e l l ence
end
observed
Christ ian
neck
no pin
or
bet t er
not
of
pallium,
but
same f unc t ion
as
a
a t mosphere
Benaer J0rgensen
wi l l
at
t hat
t lme
There
are
however
complicat ions
When a
a)
plant
l aid aown
t he
t here may be various
present
depend1ng
in
of t he p l ant was
rn t he ext reme case of o l d t rees
out er
several
dies
c on t en t s
and
inner
hundred
rings
e g
may
dif f er
However
f lex
by
wit h
short
t h1 s wil l not
cause
years
symbol
b)
Unf or t unat ely
a t mosphere
ray s >
<by
varies
t he
4C produc tion
of
bombardment
from
year
to
4N
year
in
by
by
t he
cosmic
a
s ma l l
percentage a n d so t he equilibrium content
t he
at mosphere
at
t he
v ary
This means t hat
to
curve
of
t he
4C
of
dist urbed
and
has
original
t heory
t 1 me
of
deat h
versus
wiggles
of
of
work
has
t hese
been
using
aat ing
wood are obt ained
we l l -dated
rings
Pine
in
Arizona
particular
t hese
of
trees
and
Irish
been
used)
measurement s
c a l c u l a t ing
In
dat es
curve
is
t he
14C
t his
now
way
to
calibrat e
dendro
t his
method
from individual
< t he
bog
and
Brist l econe
oaks
t he
provide
a
content
at
have
in
resul t s
of
means
of
particular
t he correct
wel l
was
deal
t he
In
s amp l e s o f
is
t he
a great
accomplished
t ec hnique
age
Since
rad1 ocerbon
divergences
chronological
in
wil l
t he t heore t ical smoot h
content
published by Libby 4.0 years ago
L
when
cont ent
Danish
any t hing
A
and
any problems
as is t oo short
be
somet hing wit h t h e
around
f amous
c omprise
cannot be a bel t
marks
exp l anation
none
cost umes
belt
exchange
b 1 osphere
t he proportion o f radiocarbon i n t he
lived p l an t s
interesting piece is t he
scientific
t his method of dat ing
whic h year a particurar part
on
1n
It is t he intention of t his not e t o
what can and cannot b e done using
em,
selvedges
new
method of
t hese have been
lacking
raaioc arbon
simple
appeared
t he
<AMS >
Some of
and
Bronze
Age
semic 1rcular
c l oak
woven
to
shape
a complet ely preservea piece 9 7 x 9 5
wit h
have
a n umber of comment s concerning t he dat ing of
radiocarbon
est ab l ished
from
t he
present day back t o several mil l ennia B C
c>
In spi t e
e f f or t s
uneven
rat e
of
t hese success f ul
o t her
nat ure
whic h
prob l ems
of
make
t he
arise
calibration
due
radiocarbon
accuracy
t he
of
to
t he
production
t he
dat ing
procedure depend on t he period involved
As
an i l l us trat ion Fig
1
shows t he period
c overing
seen
t he
Turin
t he
wiggle
dat e bracket
Shroud
where
it
may
be
t he curve increases t he
of
During t he past 300 years t he radioc arbon
flat
(aue
c urve has oeen very
calibration
to
t he
excessive
17th
a t mospheric
cent ury >
radiocarbon
dating in
uns a t i s f a c t ory
of
t he
fabrics
wit h
method
made
4C
t he
t his
I woul d not
f or
from
product i on
consequence
period is
most ly
advocat e t he use
dif ferent iating
1 650
in
t hat
to
t he
bet ween
present
rlowever t his does not prec l ud e AMS a s a means
of
iaen t i fying
modern
t ex t i l e
fakes
which
purport t o nave been maae prior t o 1 650
11
ATN,
10
1990
Cont amJ.nat ion
A
Shroud was probably involved in a fire in t he
recent
f or
Archbishop
t he
of
of
Turin
have
J.aborat ories
£2l
emphasised
and
of
It
a
t he
quential
tne
al t ered
The
some
t he
in
t he
is
dat ing
c ould
t rue
can
be
organic
proviae
is
an
deal
of
t ime
t rouble
which had
been
but
1n
1350
where
t he
massive
object
is
hJ.s t orians
cont amination
part icular
t he
fabric originally dat J.ng
Moreover
exercised
of
cleaning
by
a
t he
great
t h ree
of
da t es
and
we
of
und e r t aken
in
organic
mild
to
remove
grease e t c
collect ors
have
are
a
to
or
The
involved
In
a long series
region)
wit hout
More
aet ermine
origins
AMS
prior t o 1650
recent
t heir
di f ficult
carpets
providea
sat isf act ory
t hey
originat e
from periods
Archaeological t e xtiles up t o
undert ook
we
5th
dat ing
c ent ury
in
a
t o t he Turin Shroud episode
t he
laborat ories
Moreover
were
dat es
very
r ange
of
did
not
alt er
t he
fabrics
found
in
wood
bone
which
were
The
Some
dat es
to
wide
were
were
wit h
obt ained
t hese
oot ained
p rocesses
series
of
obt ained
f or
same
o t he r
t he
we
t he
various
believe
t hat
any
such
cont aminat ion
would
have been less t han 0 1%
J.t should be not ed t hat
t he f a c t
t hat
t he
<over
�
s
'v
'vlv-
,.
V
1 " Date bracket
for Turin Shroud
1\
wit h
of
Our
t ex t iles
why
such materials should not give valid
dat es
It would seem a pit y if ill-inf ormed
sceptics
cont rived
r--..
h
h
to
denigra t e
t he
some valid evidence
�"""'
�
'
A
.../
[\
500
500
CALENDAR YEARS (AD)
12
as
t here is no reason
I\_,�
w
(!) 1500
c(
z
0
m
a:
c(
u
0
0 1000
c(
a:
720
660
samples)
apparently
experiment without
�
120
have
t ypes
experience
t hat
were
dat es
d a t ed in parallel
was aissolved f rom t he sur f a c e t o ensure t hat
has shown
own
con t e xt
mat e rial matched each o t h e r as expect ed
We
our
our
comparat ively severe and some 204 of t he mass
present
was
by
p r e t r ea t ments
t he
of
This
similar
examined
and
a
collaborat ion
t he
Cleaning in acid
and
of
fabrics
5)
was
f rom
have
used
cont amination
< many
Some o f
o t he rwise would be
Cleaning in mild alkali
modern
large
AMS
f rom t he Far East
moaern
aut hent icity
c ollabora t o rs
t hese
by
undert aken
4)
no
t he
f rom
6 000 years old have also been aated
w a t e r wit h
solvent
dat ing
f rom t he Tibet
undert aken
of
dat e
t nese dat e f r o m t he T ang o r Sung periods and
some
Egyptian
Some
t he
large
in
beyond possibilJ.ty
has
fabrics
we believe
various
det ergent
in
t he
indic at ed
shi f t
J.S
t ext ile
As a prelude
Cleani'ng
case
resuJ.ts have been largely accepted oy t he art
manually any visible foreign mat t er
3)
area chosen was
any
to
laboratory
resul t s provided
Ult ra-sonic
t he
In
necessary
30 to A D
be
t hose
charred had oeen chosen
f act
cont amination
appendix
if
moaern
Inspect ion under t he mic roscope t o remove
2)
doubts
by
laborat ories in t he cleaning process
1)
t hese
undamaged
This
Tnere might
con t en t
in
cont aminat ed
Christ
was
and
inc onse
programme
The appendix shows t hat a
of
carbon
subst ance
percent age
A D
neated
t ot ally
since t his t reat ment wouJ.d not have
t he
dat ing
qui t e
been
is
10 000
t he Shroud would be necessary t o give
t he
for
have
<>
a
a dat e of 1350 t o a
f rom
areas
would
wat er/st eam
old
However
young
very
cont aminat ion amounting t o 65% of
mass of
by
t hree
and
with
by
answered
by
century
dowsed
was
1988
t his
fabric
been
would be required
modern
given
perhaps
object
has
mat erial
Oct ober
t hat
This could in part icular be
an
comparat ively
Shroud
announced
part ially
further
where
suggest ed
participat ed
but
cont aminat ion
years)
in
been
erroneous d a t e
t rue
dat e
det ails
who
has
Turin
lat e
scient ific
process
t he
t he
suggest ions
[ 1l
article
cont amination
reason
16t h
1000
1500
Shroud
10
ATN,
<March
Text i le Hori zons
Fake?
a
rea l ly
it
Is
Tyrer
J
( 1)
1990
FIFTH MANCHESTER TEXTILE MEETING
5 1 -52
1989>
Far Eastern Textiles
P
of
t he
6208
Damon
E
( 2l
Tur i n
of
Shroud
is
t he
and
Text iles
Eas t ern
Far
at
from
The t heme for t he
1 990
1 4 t h- 1 6 t h Sept ember
conference
Appena1x
t he
held
be
will
Group
Univers i t y of Manchester
Ashburne ka l l
6 1 1-6 15
( 1 989)
of
conference
biennial
St udy
Text i l es
Early
no
337
Nat ure
f i ft h
The
Radi ocarbon dat ing
et al
l ectures w i l l incluae
lf No
C content at age t
C context ana N(tl
or1g1nu
Log
�
1.
Rel iquary tlead
N(t)
K
Bao
o
The nalf hfe(5730 yeml gms K
�OW If
1
craft
of
t he
Warr i ng
J iangllng
and
X
fmhon of carbon or1g1nahng fro• 30 A 0
X
fract1on of aoaern contaa1nahon present
C
of
present
1n
saaple
a
No(l
si!ks
Sakamot o
lazuko
0211xl
of
uount
unconta11nated suple aahng fro• A 0
C
Univers1ty
Kokushikan
with
Silk
t wa dragons
aes i gn
of
within
t he
t he
opposed
aiamet r i ca l ly
the
calculate
also
can
We
Dynasty
Han
of
s t ructure
The
Univers i t y
Purdue
Pet ersen
Lee
L i sa
Tokyo
N(t1l
kni t t ing
of
weaving and needl ecra f t
!ndi ana
We can calcuate the aaount
contu1natea u th aoaern carbon
in
Perioa
S t a t es
ori g i n
the
kni t t ea
s i lk
t he
of
The
coras
19 035
Univers i t y
Text i l e
China
M i ngxin
Shanghai
in a
Basel
t he
in
Text i l es
r e l i quary
west ern
s i lks
Far East ern
Hero Granger-Tay l or
years
meda l l i ons
of T ang Dynasty
an
1n
present
t ext i l es
Chinese
London
Spinks
S i mcox
Jacque l i ne
1350
from Song to early M i ng - s t y1es of
decora t i on
George
No(0 926)
N(t2l
t he
0211xl
No(1
So
Bri t i sh Museu�
Shelagh Va1nker
261
No(0 0
Chi nese
on
Dyes
Tay l or
t ext i les
of
lOt h century and l a t er
t ext i les
of
col l ec t i ons
t he
in
Far East ern
Bri t i sh
the
Museum
0 35
0 65
0 35
London
30 to appear
Museu�
of
col l ect i on
Stein
Aurel
The
Albert
and
V i c t oria
Ward
Mandy
Hence the aodern conhllnahon would have to be 1
or 651 1n order to uke a saaple dahng fro• A 0
t ext i les i n t he V i c t oria a n d Albert Museum
to be 1350
The
Prof
E
Research
Ha l l
T
P l ease
and
for
Laborat ory
Archaeology
and
t he
special
to
t he
6 Kebl e Road
Oxford
be
sent
Great Br i t a i n
Archaeol ogy
Early
to
Frances
London
t he
Early
Museum
of
issue 9 of
1n
some
Ant werp
London
Unfortuna t ely
f ound at
<ATN
f orgot
i l lust rat ion of t he obj ec t s
now
been
rect i f i ed
of
Urban
London
Wa l l
EC2Y 5HN
i ncluded a not e
t he A TN we
we
Group
St udy
e
loomwei gh t s
Belgium
shou l d
Dept
MISSING ILLUSTRATION
about
payab l e
Group
Text i l es
Pri t chard
ot her
Cheques
St udy
Text i l es
£55
be
or
diet s
vegetarian
i nc l ude
to
wil l
board
fu l l
are required
needs
H i s t ory of Art
c/o
if
state
conf erence
t he
of
cost
accommoda t i on
Our
Kont i c h near
to
0
6)
<1989)
9
inc lude
an
The mistake has
apol ogi es
to
t he
aut hors
5<M<
----==--=::11
--
0
Fig
1
K 89 1
The Kontich loomweight
13
ATN,
10,
1990
RECENT THESES
K
Inneml!e
Ecclesi as t i cal Vestmen t s i n Nubi a
East
Ph D
thesis
Leiden
Universit y
and t h e Chri s t i an Near
Dept
of
Art
Hist ory
(1990)
A s t u dy of wall paint ings from Nubia
depicting
sources
t he
ecclesiastical
c oncerning
Near
East
figures
religious
It
is
and writ t en
vest ment s
from
t ha t
work
hoped
t his
will be published by Brill in t he near
future
as part of t heir new series on t ext iles
D
Browning
Ti mnah
The Text 11 e Industry of Iron Age
and
i ts
Regi onal
Contexts
A
Li t erary
Analysi s
Ph D
t hesis
Theolog1cal Seminary
and
Soci oeconomi c
and
Artefactual
<1988 >
SW
Bapt1st
<NGL88- 2 7 967 >
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Recent Publications
C
Alfaro
vannerie
Le
dans
cl!ramique
region
du
ae
t i s sage
les
premier
In t ernat 1onales
M.A.
POSTGRADUATE
COURSE
IH
ARCHAEOLOGICAL
L
in
TEXTILES
R
Cowie
The
Manchester
Ancient
<MATU>
direct ed
by
<archaeolog1st > and Dr
t echnologist >
new
1-year
t extiles
of
course
to
and
subject
pract ical
based
archaeological
archaeological
on
3
t ext ile course
facili t ies
of
aepart men t s
It
t hree
4
t he
in
will
t he
be
to
an
t he
elemen t s
1
hist oncal/
I
2
subsidiary
and seminar papers
degree
int roauct ion
t ec hnical
a
archaeolog1cal
MA
t extiles
approaches
II
methods
t he
in
Manchester
academic
t extiles
Unit
J
P
Wild
Cooke < t extile
is launching in Oct ober 1990 a
t aught
leaaing
Universit y
Textile
Dr
W
D
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Park
Roman
2599
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Skri f t er
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L
HBMC Lonaon < 1988 >
Beauport
Magnus
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Exca va t l ons
Hoard
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Archaeol ogical
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Arkaeol ogi ske
Copenhagen ( 1 988>
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Int erim
Jenk i ns
t ext i l e
Report
From rags
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Ta t t on-Brown
f rom
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Cyprus
and t h e East Medi t erranean in the Iron Age
Proceedings o f the Seven t h Bri t i sh MuseUIIJ
Classi cal
Coll oqui um
Apri l
1988
( 1 98 9 >
14-6- 152
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