ZigBee and IEEE 802.15.4 A (tiny) introduction FUN Research Group i-Lab ETIPOPS Inria Lille – Nord Europe Etineo Roudy DAGHER mardi 15 avril 14 The ZigBee metaphor A group of bees distributed in a large field want to relay a message to a hive : 1. Each bee perform a specific zigzag dance 2. The dance is repeated by the next bee slightly closer to the hive 3. Repeat the process until the message reaches the hive Introduction to ZigBee/802.15.4 mardi 15 avril 14 - 2 OBJECTIVES 1. Background and Reference material for ZigBee and IEEE 802.15.4 2. The example of BitCloud stack implementation 3. Demo with SerialNet and protocol sniffing Introduction to ZigBee/802.15.4 mardi 15 avril 14 - 3 References • Books – “ZigBee Wireless Networks and Transceivers”. Dr. Shahin Farahani. – “Zigbee Wireless Networking”. Drew Gislason. • Tutorials – Jennic: e-learning course • BitCloud Zigbee stack from Atmel – Stack: AVR2050, AVR 2052, BitCloud API Reference – OTAU : AVR2054, AVR2058 – SerialNet: AVR2051 Introduction to ZigBee/802.15.4 mardi 15 avril 14 - 4 OUTLINE 1. ZigBee Standard Essentials and pros 2. IEEE 802.15.4 standard essentials 3. Atmel BitCloud stack overview & demo(s) Introduction to ZigBee/802.15.4 mardi 15 avril 14 - 5 1 The ZigBee standard Some basics Introduction to ZigBee/802.15.4 mardi 15 avril 14 - 6 ZigBee – “A” WSN standard • Motivations - - - - Low cost, and ultra-low power consumption Unlicensed radio bands Flexible and extensible: on-line nodes add/removal Automatic network management & routing - Interoperability & coexistence • Typical Application Areas: low data rates - Building automation: ex. HVAC, light - Monitoring: health care, vehicular, agriculture, water level, power consumption...etc Introduction to ZigBee/802.15.4 mardi 15 avril 14 - 7 ZigBee – “A” WPAN standard Introduction to ZigBee/802.15.4 mardi 15 avril 14 - 8 ZigBee – Low Power Consumption • Autonomous network devices ü Battery powered ü Energy harvesting • Enhancing power autonomy ü Low duty cycle ü Sleep mode ü Modulation schemes Introduction to ZigBee/802.15.4 mardi 15 avril 14 - 9 ZigBee – Easy to use • Less cables - No network cables - Power supply if no battery • Configuration options - Pre-configured: by manufacturer, ex. Car sensors system. - Self-configured: by end-user, ex. Home lighting system. - Custom: by System Integrator, ex. An OEM product. Introduction to ZigBee/802.15.4 mardi 15 avril 14 - 10 ZigBee Alliance • The ZigBee Alliance - Defines the standards: spec + PICS - ZigBee & ZigBee PRO features - ZigBee IP : ZigBee over IP (6LowPAN) - Zigbee RF4CE : one to one communication - Defines a set of application profiles (ZSE, ZHA…) • Three compliancy levels - ZigBee Certified Product - ZigBee Compliant Platform - ZigBee Manufacturer Specific (or Network Capable) Introduction to ZigBee/802.15.4 mardi 15 avril 14 - 11 ZigBee Compliance • Three compliancy levels ü ZigBee Certified Product ü Permits the use of ZigBee name, literature & logos ü Guarantees interoperability among products using the same public application profile ü ZigBee Manufacturer Specific (or Network Capable) ü Permits the use of ZigBee name, literature & logos ü Guarantees the product does not interfere with other ZigBee networks ü ZigBee Compliant Platform ü Required by ZigBee stack vendors ü Not required by product developers Introduction to ZigBee/802.15.4 mardi 15 avril 14 - 12 ZigBee Compliance 2/2 • No certification ü Company must still join ZigBee Alliance ü No use of ZigBee name, literature, or logos is permitted Introduction to ZigBee/802.15.4 mardi 15 avril 14 - 13 ZigBee – Stack Software Architecture Introduction to ZigBee/802.15.4 mardi 15 avril 14 - 14 ZigBee product example Application Device Type Light Sensor Logical Device Type Zigbee Coordinator 802.15.4 Device Type End-user Perspective Light ... Controller FFD Introduction to ZigBee/802.15.4 Zigbee Router Zigbee End Device RFD Network Perspective HW Capabilities Perspective mardi 15 avril 14 - 15 ZigBee – Radio Communication • Channel Mask ü Fixed ü Best in List (agility) • Tx Range ü 100m outdoor ü 30m indoor ü ~Km with amplifiers • Center freq in 2.4 GHz band Introduction to ZigBee/802.15.4 mardi 15 avril 14 - 16 ZigBee – coexistence with WIFI Introduction to ZigBee/802.15.4 mardi 15 avril 14 - 17 ZigBee – coexistence with BLUETOOTH Introduction to ZigBee/802.15.4 mardi 15 avril 14 - 18 802.15.4 – Network Topologies Introduction to ZigBee/802.15.4 mardi 15 avril 14 - 19 ZigBee – Network Topologies Introduction to ZigBee/802.15.4 mardi 15 avril 14 - 20 ZigBee – Data Communication Beacon-Enabled vs. Nonbeacon Networking • Contention-based channel access : CSMA/CA ü First node that finds the channel free ü That’s it ! • Contention-free channel access : GTS per device ü The PAN Coordinator syncs the nwk using beacons ü All devices must wakeup periodically to resync. Introduction to ZigBee/802.15.4 mardi 15 avril 14 - 21 ZigBee – Data Transfer 1/2 Beacon-Enabled vs. Nonbeacon Networking Introduction to ZigBee/802.15.4 mardi 15 avril 14 - 22 ZigBee – Data Transfer 2/2 Beacon-Enabled vs. Nonbeacon Networking Introduction to ZigBee/802.15.4 mardi 15 avril 14 - 23 2 The Atmel BitCloud stack A real world example Introduction to ZigBee/802.15.4 mardi 15 avril 14 - 24 Zigbee – Standard Stack architecture Introduction to ZigBee/802.15.4 mardi 15 avril 14 - 25 ZigBee – BitCloud Stack architecture Introduction to ZigBee/802.15.4 mardi 15 avril 14 - 26 BitCloud Supported platforms Introduction to ZigBee/802.15.4 mardi 15 avril 14 - 27 Serialnet Application Principle • • • • • • • Network configuration and management Data transmission Power management Generic control Host interface control Hardware control Remote management Introduction to ZigBee/802.15.4 mardi 15 avril 14 - 28 Serialnet Application Architecture Introduction to ZigBee/802.15.4 mardi 15 avril 14 - 29 Serialnet example : coordinator Introduction to ZigBee/802.15.4 mardi 15 avril 14 - 30 Serialnet example : router Introduction to ZigBee/802.15.4 mardi 15 avril 14 - 31 3 Demos with serialnet Zigbee frames analysis Introduction to ZigBee/802.15.4 mardi 15 avril 14 - 32 BitCloud – Network creation Demo 1. Coordinator starts the network : 1. Beacon Request 2. Beacon 2. Router joins 1. Beacon Request / Beacon 2. Rejoin request/response and ACKs 3. ZDP Device announcement - broadcast 3. Link status messages Introduction to ZigBee/802.15.4 mardi 15 avril 14 - 33 BitCloud – Broadcast Demo 1. Coord & router 2. Router broadcasts a data message with radius 12 3. Coordinator rebroadcasts: 1. Radius is decremented 2. Network frame is the same (src address) 3. MAC frame changes (src address) Introduction to ZigBee/802.15.4 mardi 15 avril 14 - 34 5 NOM DU CHAPITRE Sous-titre facultatif Introduction to ZigBee/802.15.4 mardi 15 avril 14 - 35 Introduction to ZigBee/802.15.4 mardi 15 avril 14 - 36 6 NOM DU CHAPITRE Sous-titre facultatif Introduction to ZigBee/802.15.4 mardi 15 avril 14 - 37 Introduction to ZigBee/802.15.4 mardi 15 avril 14 - 38 7 NOM DU CHAPITRE Sous-titre facultatif Introduction to ZigBee/802.15.4 mardi 15 avril 14 - 39 Introduction to ZigBee/802.15.4 mardi 15 avril 14 - 40 Thank you ! Any Questions? Inria Lille – Nord Europe Salle A22 https://team.inria.fr/fun/
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