ࠑෆ㛶ᗓ⤒῭♫⥲ྜ◊✲ᡤࠕ⤒῭ศᯒࠖ➨ 191 ྕ 2016 ᖺࠒ ㄽ ᩥ ಎࣞා͈ਖުփဳ͂ष͈ਖުેࠨ͈ޙါ֦̳ͥͅ۾ଢ଼㸨 ᡞ⏣ ῟ோ㸨㸨 㸺せ᪨㸼 ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊఱṓࡲ࡛ാࡁࡓ࠸࠸ࡗࡓᑵᴗពḧࡘ࠸࡚ὀ┠ࡋࠊᑵᴗពḧࡀࡑࡢᚋ ࡢᑵᴗ⥅⥆ࡘ࡞ࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢆཌ⏕ປാ┬ࠕ୰㧗ᖺ⪅⦪᩿ㄪᰝࠖࢆ⏝࠸᳨࡚ドࢆࡋࡓࠋ ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ௨ୗࡢⅬࡀࢃࡗࡓࠋձᑵᴗពḧࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᑓ㛛ⓗ࡞⫋ᴗࡘ࠸࡚࠸ࡿព ḧࡀ㧗ࡲࡿ㸦㛗ࡃാࡇ࠺ࡍࡿ㸧୍᪉࡛ࠊྠࡌᴗ࡛ 20 ᖺ௨ୖࡵ࡚࠸ࡿேࡸᴗ࡛ ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿேᑵᴗពḧࡣపࡃ࡞ࡿࡇࡀศࡗࡓࠋᣢᐙࠊఫᏯ࣮ࣟࣥࠊ㡸㈓㔠ࡢຠᯝࡶ ྜࢃࡏ࡚⪃࠼ࡿࠊ ᖺ㔠ࢆྵࡵࡓ⪁ᚋࡢ⏕ά㈝☜ಖࡢᐜ᫆ࡉࡀᑵᴗពḧᙳ㡪ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ղᑵᴗពḧࡣᐇ㝿ࡢᑵᴗ⥅⥆ࡶᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼ࠊࡑࡢຠᯝࡣࠕࢆࡋࡓࡃ࡞࠸ࠖࠕྍ⬟ ࡞㝈ࡾࢆࡋࡓ࠸ࠖࡢ㛫࡛ᑵᴗ⥅⥆⋡ 2 ಸࡃࡽ࠸ࡢࡁ࠸ຠᯝࡀ࠶ࡿ࠸࠼ࡿࠋࡲࡓ ࡇࡢຠᯝࡣࠊ㐣ཤࡢᑵᴗ≧ἣࡸᣢᐙࠊఫᏯ࣮ࣟࣥࠊ㡸㈓㔠࡞ࢆࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝࡋ࡚ࡶࡳࡽ ࢀࡿࠋճᑵᴗពḧࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࢃࡽࡎ㞳⫋ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺せᅉࡋ࡚ᗣࡢᝏࡀ ࡁ࠸ࡇࡀࢃࡗࡓࠋ 㧗㱋⪅ࡢປാ౪⤥ࢆቑࡸࡍ⟇ࡋ࡚ࠊᖺ㔠࡞ࡢᡤᚓᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼ࡿไᗘࢆぢ┤ࡍࡇ ࡶ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡀࠊᮏ◊✲ࡽࡣࡑࢀࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ⌧ᙺୡ௦࠾ࡅࡿᑓ㛛ᛶࢆព㆑ࡍࡿࡼ࠺ ࡞⟇ࡀ᭷ຠ࡛࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ JEL Classification Number㸸J26, I10 Key Words㸸ᑵᴗពḧࠊ㧗㱋⪅ࡢປാ౪⤥ࠊࣁࢨ࣮ࢻࣔࢹࣝ 㸨 ᮏ✏ࡢཎᑐࡋ࡚ࠊᖹᡂ 27 ᖺᗘ⤒῭ࡢዲᚠ⎔ᐇ⌧᪥ᮏ⤒῭⏕ྥࡅࡓᅜ㝿ඹྠ◊✲ሗ࿌ࡢཧຍ ⪅ࡢⓙᵝࡽከࡃࡢ᭷┈࡞ࢥ࣓ࣥࢺࢆ㡬࠸ࡓࠋࡇࡇグࡋ࡚ࠊឤㅰࡢពࢆ⾲ࡋࡓ࠸ࠋࡲࡓࠊཌ⏕ປാ┬ࠕ୰ 㧗ᖺ⪅⦪᩿ㄪᰝࠖࡢ⏝࠶ࡓࡗ࡚ࡣࠊཌ⏕ປാ⛉Ꮫ◊✲㈝⿵ຓ㔠㸦ᨻ⟇⛉Ꮫ⥲ྜ◊✲ᴗ㸦ᨻ⟇⛉Ꮫ᥎ 㐍◊✲ᴗ㸧 㸧 ࠕᑵᴗ≧ែࡢኚ✚ᴟⓗປാᕷሙᨻ⟇㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ࠖ 㸦H26-ᨻ⟇-୍⯡-003㸧ᇶ࡙ࡃ┠ⓗ እ⏦ㄳࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࡞࠾ࠊᮏ✏♧ࡉࢀࡿᙇࡣⴭ⪅ࡢᡤᒓ⤌⧊ࡼࡿᙇ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡇࢆ᫂グࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ 㸨㸨 ᡞ⏣῟ோ㸦ࣜࢡ࣮ࣝࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࢫ◊✲ᡤ㸧 1 ࠕ⤒῭ศᯒࠖ➨ 191 ྕ Analysis on the Determinants of Elderly Work Motivation and the Actual Employment Situation By Akihito TODA Abstract This study focuses on work motivation, such as until what age the elderly people are eager to work to examine the actual elderly employment with utilizing the panel survey conducted by the Ministry of Health, Welfare and Labour in Japan. We find the following points as a result. (1) people working about a profession desire to work for longer, instead those who stay in the same companies for more than 20 years and those who are working in a large company are unwilling to work. (2) work motivation are found to affect the actual employment status and the magnitude of work motivation is large. (3) factors that would leave even though they want to work longer showed greater deterioration in health. Aware of their expertise in generations would be effective in increasing the labor supply for the elderly. JEL Classification Number: J26, I10 Key Words: work motivation; labor supply for the elderly; hazard model 2 ୰㧗ᖺࡢᑵᴗពḧᐇ㝿ࡢᑵᴗ≧ἣࡢỴᐃせᅉ㛵ࡍࡿศᯒ 㸯㸬ࡣࡌࡵ ேཱྀῶᑡࡀ㐍ࡴ᪥ᮏ࠾࠸࡚ປാຊ☜ಖࡀ㔜せ࡞ㄢ㢟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ≉࡛ࡣ ኻᴗ⋡ࡀ 3㸣௦ࡲ࡛ୗࡀࡾࠊኻᴗ⪅ࡢከࡃࡀ࣑ࢫ࣐ࢵࢳࡼࡿࡶࡢ᥎ᐹࡉࢀࠊࡇ ࠺ࡋࡓ࣑ࢫ࣐ࢵࢳࢆゎᾘࡍࡿࡶࠊồ⫋ࢆࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡓࡵኻᴗ⪅ࡳ࡞ࡉࢀ࡞ ࠸㠀ປാຊேཱྀ㛵ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊᑵᴗពḧࢆ㧗ࡵᑵᴗࡍࡿࡇࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑࡢ㝿ὀ┠ࡉ ࢀࡿࡢࡀዪᛶࡢά⏝㧗㱋⪅ࡢά⏝࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 㧗㱋⪅ࡢά⏝ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ 㧗ᖺ㱋⪅㞠⏝Ᏻᐃἲࡢᨵṇࡼࡾᐃᖺࡢ᭱పᖺ㱋ࢆ 60 ṓࡋ ࡓࡲࡲᕼᮃ⪅ဨࢆ 65 ṓࡲ࡛㞠⏝☜ಖࡋ⥆ࡅࡿ࡞ࠊ ୍♫࠾࠸࡚⥅⥆ⓗ㞠⏝ࡋ⥆ࡅࡿ ືࡁࡀ࠶ࡿ୍᪉ࠊᐃᖺࢆ㏄࠼㞠⏝ࡉࢀࡿ㝿㈤㔠పୗ࡞ാࡃேࡢࣔࢳ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࡀୗ ࡀࡿ࡞ࡢ⤖ᯝࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ㧗㱋⪅ࡢᑵᴗពḧࡣᅜ㝿ⓗぢ࡚ࡶ㧗࠸ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊᕼᮃࡍ ࡿാࡁ᪉ࡀ࡛ࡁࡎᑵᴗࡋ࡞࠸㧗㱋⪅ࡶ୍ᐃ⛬ᗘぢࡽࢀࡿࠋ 㧗㱋⪅ࡢᑵᴗࡸᘬ㏥ࣉࣟࢭࢫࡢ≉ᚩࢆศᯒࡋࠊ㧗㱋⪅ࡢປാ㟂⤥ࡢᐇែࢆ᳨ドࡍࡿ◊✲ ࡣࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡶከࡃࡳࡽࢀࡿ㸦㜿㒊㸦1998㸧ࠊᒣ⏣㸦2000㸧 ࠊ୕㇂㸦2001㸧ࠊᵽཱྀ࣭ᒣᮏ㸦2002㸧ࠊ Ύᐙ࣭ᒣ⏣㸦2004㸧 ࠊᵽཱྀ㸦2006㸧ࠊOshio et al. (2011)ࠊShimizutani and Oshio (2013) ࡞ 㸧ࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢඛ⾜◊✲ࡣࠊ㧗㱋⪅ࡢᑵᴗᑐࡋ࡚ࠊᮏேࡢ⫋ṔࠊᏛṔࠊᖺ㔠࡞ࡢ㠀ປ ᡤᚓࠊᗣỈ‽ࡢࠊᐙ᪘ࡢ≧ἣ㸦ᡤᚓࡸᗣ≧ែ㸧ࠊᆅᇦࡢ㞠⏝⎔ቃࠊᴗࡢேไᗘࠊ 㞠⏝ໃ࡞ࠊᵝࠎ࡞せᅉࡀ᭷ព࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡓ࠼ࡤࠊΎᐙ࣭ᒣ ⏣㸦2004㸧ࡣࠊ㧗㱋⪅ࡢᑵᴗ࣐ࢼࢫࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼ࡿせᅉࡋ࡚ࠊ⮬㌟ࡢᗣᝏࠊ㧗 ࠸㠀ປᡤᚓࠊᐃᖺ㏥⫋⤒㦂࡞ࢆᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊᵽཱྀ㸦2006㸧ࡣᐙᗞෆࡢせ ㆤ⪅ࡢᏑᅾࡀࠊ㧗㱋⪅ࡢᑵᴗ࣭㏥⫋୍ᐃࡢຠᯝࢆ࠼ࡿⅬࢆᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ୖグࡢศᯒࡣࠊ㧗㱋⪅ࡢ⌧ᐇࡢᑵᴗᙧែᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼࡚࠸ࡿせᅉࢆศᯒࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢃ ࡅ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊಶேࡢᑵᴗᕼᮃࡣ࠶ࡲࡾὀ┠ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋᐇ㝿ࡣಶேࡢᑵᴗᕼᮃࠊ≉ ఱṓࡲ࡛࠺࠸࠺㞠⏝ᙧែ࡛ാࡁࡓ࠸࠸࠺Ⅼࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᕼᮃࢆᣢࡘࡇ ࡼࡾᑵᴗࡀಁ㐍ࡉࢀࡿຠᯝࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿࢃࡅࡔࡀࠊಶேࡢᕼᮃࡀᛮ࠸㏻ࡾ࠸ࡃࡣ࠸ ࠼࡞࠸ࠋ≉ఱṓࡲ࡛ാࡁࡓ࠸࠸࠺ᕼᮃࡣࠊ᪥ᮏ࡛ㄪᰝࢆ⾜࠺ࠊከࡃࡢேࡀࠕྍ⬟ ࡞㝈ࡾാࡁࡓ࠸ࠖ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᕼᮃࡣᐇ㝿ࡢᑵᴗࢀࡔࡅ㔜せ ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡲࡓ≉㞠⏝ᙧែࡢᕼᮃࢆ࡞࠼ࡽࢀ࡞࠸ேࡣࠊࢀࡃࡽ࠸ࡢ⛬ᗘ࡛ᑵᴗࢆ ࠶ࡁࡽࡵ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ၥ㢟ព㆑ᇶ࡙ࡁࠊཌ⏕ປാ┬ࠕ୰㧗ᖺ⪅⦪᩿ㄪᰝࠖࡢಶ⚊ࢹ࣮ ࢱࢆ⏝࠸࡚ᑵᴗពḧᐇ㝿ࡢᑵᴗ≧ἣࡢ㛵ಀࡘ࠸࡚ศᯒࡍࡿࠋᮏ◊✲࡛⏝࠸ࡿᑵᴗពḧ ࡣࠊ⌧Ⅼࡢᑵᴗពḧࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊே⏕ࡢ࠺ࡕ࡛ఱṓࡲ࡛ാࡁࡓ࠸࠸ࡗࡓពḧࢆ⾲ࡍ ࡇࡍࡿࠋಶேࡢពḧᐇ㝿ࡢ⾜ືࡢ㛵㐃ὀ┠ࡋࡓศᯒࡣࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡶ࠸ࡃࡘぢࡽࢀ ࡿࠋࡓ࠼ࡤࠊᾆᕝ㸦2013㸧ࡣࠊ ࠕᐃᖺ฿㐩⪅➼ࡢ⏕ά㛵ࡍࡿࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝࠖࢆ ⏝࠸ࡓ⤖ᯝ࡛ࡣࠊ⮬Ⴀᴗࡸࣇࣝࢱ࣒࡛ࡢᑵປࢆᕼᮃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࢃࡽࡎᐇ㝿ࡣ↓ ᴗ࡛࠶ࡿ㧗㱋⪅ࡀ୍ᐃᩘᏑᅾࡋࠊࡑࢀࡀ㧗ᏛṔ⪅ከ࠸ࡇࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊYamada 3 ࠕ⤒῭ศᯒࠖ➨ 191 ྕ and Higo㸦2011㸧ࡣࠊJILPT ࡢࠕ60 ṓ௨㝆ࡢ⥅⥆㞠⏝ᑵᴗ㑅ᢥ㛵ࡍࡿㄪᰝࠖࡢ 57㹼59 ṓ⏨ᛶࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸ࠊᐃᖺᚋࡢ㞠⏝ᕼᮃࡍࡿᑵᴗࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ㞠⏝ᚋ ᭱ప㝈ᮇᚅࡍࡿ㈤㔠ࢆண㈤㔠ࡀୗᅇࡿࠊྠ୍ᴗ࡛ࡢ㞠⏝ࢆᕼᮃࡋ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿࡀࠊ 㞠⏝ࢆᕼᮃࡍࡿሙྜ࡛ࡶࠊᘬ㏥ࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ⫋᥈ࡋࢆࡍࡿࡇ࡞ࡀ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡗ࡚ ࠸ࡿࠋ ࡋࡋࡇࢀࡽࡢ◊✲࡛ࡣ࠸ࡎࢀࡶࢡࣟࢫࢭࢡࢩࣙࣥࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸ࡽࢀࠊྠ୍Ⅼࡢᑵᴗ ᕼᮃᐇ㝿ࡢᑵᴗᙧែࡢ㛵ಀࢆぢ࡚࠸ࡿࡔࡅ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᑗ᮶ࡢᑵᴗᕼᮃࡀᐇ㝿࡞࠼ࡽࢀ ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺᳨ド࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡴࡋࢁ㧗ᮌ㸦2009㸧ࡢࡼ࠺ࠊᐃᖺ┤ᚋࡢᑵᴗᕼᮃᐇ⌧ ࡢࢠࣕࢵࣉࡣࠊᐃᖺ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊࡑࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ⫋ᴗ⤒㦂ࡢ୰࡛ᚎࠎᙧᡂࡉࢀࡿ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺ࠊྠⅬࡢᕼᮃ⌧ᐇࡢ㛵ಀࢆぢࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ␗Ⅼ㛫ὀ┠ࡍࡿࡇ ࡣព⩏ࡀ࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡿࠋ ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊཌ⏕ປാ┬ࠕ୰㧗ᖺ⪅⦪᩿ㄪᰝࠖࡢࡶࡘࣃࢿࣝᵓ㐀ࢆ⏕ࡋ࡚ࠊ⌧ᙺୡ௦ ᮇᚅࡋ࡚࠸ࡓᑵᴗᕼᮃࡀࡑࡢᚋࡶᐇ⌧࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠊࡲࡓࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓᑵᴗᕼᮃࡣࡑࡶࡑ ࡶࡢࡼ࠺Ỵᐃࡋࠊࡑࡢᚋࡢᑵᴗ⥅⥆ࡢࡃࡽ࠸ࡢࣥࣃࢡࢺࢆᣢࡘࡢࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿ ࡇࡀ┠ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ◊✲ࡼࡾᑵᴗ⋡ࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡓࡵࡢࣥࣉࣜࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡀᚓࡽ ࢀࡿ⪃࠼ࡿࠋ 2 ⠇௨ୗࡢᵓᡂࡣ௨ୗࡢ࠾ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ2 ⠇࡛⏝ࡍࡿࢹ࣮ࢱࢆゎㄝࡋࠊᇶᮏ⤫ィ㔞ࡘ ࠸࡚࠸ࡃࡘ⤂ࡍࡿࠋ3 ⠇࡛ࡣᑵᴗពḧࡢỴᐃせᅉࡘ࠸࡚⪃ᐹࡍࡿࠋ4 ⠇࡛ࡣᑵᴗពḧ ࡀᑵᴗ⥅⥆࠼ࡿຠᯝࡘ࠸࡚ศᯒ⤖ᯝࢆ⤂ࡍࡿࠋ5 ⠇࡛ࡣศᯒ⤖ᯝࢆࡲࡵ㧗㱋⪅ ࡢᑵᴗࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡓࡵࡢࣥࣉࣜࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡘ࠸࡚㆟ㄽࡍࡿࠋ 㸰㸬⏝ࡍࡿࢹ࣮ࢱ ௨ୗ࡛ࡣ⏝ࡍࡿࢹ࣮ࢱࡘ࠸࡚ㄝ᫂ࡋࠊᑵᴗពḧࡸᐇ㝿ࡢᑵᴗ≧ἣࡘ࠸࡚ᇶᮏ⤫ィ 㔞ࢆ⤂ࡍࡿࠋ 2.1㸬ཌ⏕ປാ┬ࠕ୰㧗ᖺ⪅⦪᩿ㄪᰝࠖ ᮏ◊✲࡛⏝ࡍࡿࢹ࣮ࢱࡣཌ⏕ປാ┬ࠕ୰㧗ᖺ⪅⦪᩿ㄪᰝࠖࡢ➨ 1 ᅇ㹼➨ 8 ᅇ㸦2005 ᖺ 㹼2012 ᖺ㸧ࡢㄪᰝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᮏㄪᰝࡣ 2005 ᖺ 10 ᭶ᮎ⌧ᅾ࡛ 50 ṓ㹼59 ṓࡢᅜ⏨ዪᑐࡋ ࡚ẖᖺ 11 ᭶㸦ᖺ 1 ᅇ㸧ㄪᰝࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ➨ 1 ᅇࡢ᭷ຠᅇ⟅⪅ࡣ 33,815 ྡ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ ⦪᩿ㄪᰝࡢほ ᮇ㛫୰ 60 ṓࢆ㉸࠼ࠊ ປാᕷሙࡽࡢᘬ㏥ὀ┠ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ ➨ 1 ᅇㄪᰝⅬ࡛ᑐ㇟ࢆ 55 ṓ㹼59 ṓ 㸦⏕ࡲࢀᖺ࡛ࡣ 1946 ᖺ㹼1950 ᖺᅋሢࡢୡ௦ࡰ ᑐᛂࡍࡿ㸧㝈ᐃࡍࡿࠋࡉࡽࠊ➨ 1 ᅇㄪᰝⅬࡩࡔࢇධࢆక࠺ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⪅ 㝈ᐃࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢ⌮⏤ࡣࠊ࠶ࡢᅗ⾲࡛ࡶ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡼ࠺୰㧗ᖺ⪅ࡢᑵᴗ⋡ࡣᖺࢆ㏣࠺ࡇ పୗࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᐃᖺࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡋ࡚ࡶࡲࡔᐃᖺࢆ㏄࠼࡚࠸࡞࠸ᮇ࠾࠸࡚ᑵᴗࡋ࡚࠸ ࡿࡇὀ┠ࡋࠊࡑࡢ࠶ປാᕷሙࡽ㏥ฟࡍࡿࡇ㛵ᚰࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡶࡕࢁ 4 ୰㧗ᖺࡢᑵᴗពḧᐇ㝿ࡢᑵᴗ≧ἣࡢỴᐃせᅉ㛵ࡍࡿศᯒ ࢇ➨ 1 ᅇࡢㄪᰝⅬ࡛↓ᴗ࡛࠶ࡿ⪅ࡀࡑࡢᚋᑵᴗពḧࢆᣢࡕࠊᑵᴗࡍࡿࡇࡶᨻ⟇ⓗࡣ 㔜せ࡞ㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊᮏ✏࡛ࡣࡍ࡛ാ࠸࡚࠸ࡿே㝈ᐃࡋࠊ࠸㛗ࡃᑵᴗពḧࢆᣢࡕ ⥆ࡅࡿ↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚ࡿࠋ 2.2㸬ᑵᴗពḧ࣭ᐇ㝿ࡢᑵᴗࡘ࠸࡚ࡢᇶᮏ⤫ィ ࠕ୰㧗ᖺ⪅⦪᩿ㄪᰝࠖ࠾࠸࡚ࠊᑵᴗពḧࡣ➨ 1 ᅇㄪᰝ࠾࠸࡚ࠕ࠶࡞ࡓࡣ 60 ṓ௨㝆ࠊ ࠸ࡘࡲ࡛ධࢆక࠺ࢆࡋࡓ࠸࡛ࡍࠖ࠸࠺㉁ၥᩥ࡛㉁ၥࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡣࠊձ ྍ⬟࡞㝈ࡾࢆࡋࡓ࠸ࠊղ㸦 㸧ṓࡲ࡛ࢆࡋࡓ࠸ࠋࡇࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥࡛ࡣᖺ㱋ࢆ⮬ศ࡛ グධࡍࡿᙧᘧ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠊճࡣࡋࡓࡃ࡞࠸ࠊ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࡇࢀ࠶ࢃࡏ࡚ࠊ60㹼 64 ṓⅬ 65㹼69 ṓⅬ࠾࠸࡚ࡘࡁࡓ࠸ࡢ✀㢮ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶㄪᰝࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᅗ⾲ 1 ࡣᑵᴗពḧ㛵ࡍࡿศᕸ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⏨ᛶ࡛ࡣࠕྍ⬟࡞㝈ࡾࢆࡋࡓ࠸ࠖࡀ 65.1%ࠊ ዪᛶ࡛ࡣࠕྍ⬟࡞㝈ࡾࢆࡋࡓ࠸ࠖࡀ 50.5㸣ẚ㧗࠸Ỉ‽࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡘ࠸࡛ࠊ ࠕ65 ṓࡲ࡛ാࡁࡓ࠸ࠖࡀ⏨ᛶ 20.4㸣ࠊዪᛶ 17.2㸣ࠊ ࠕࢆࡋࡓࡃ࡞࠸ࠖࡣ⏨ᛶ 12.4㸣ࠊዪᛶ 19.4㸣࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᅗ⾲㸯㸬ᑵᴗពḧ㛵ࡍࡿศᕸ ⏨ᛶ 60.0% 51.2% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 12.4% 10.0% 20.4% 0.8% 0.1% 1.0% 3.2% 2.9% 䜢 60ṓ 䛧䛯䛟 䛺䛔 61ṓ 62ṓ 63ṓ 64ṓ 0.0% 65ṓ 0.1% 0.2% 0.4% 0.3% 66ṓ 67ṓ 68ṓ 69ṓ 6.2% 70ṓ ≉ᐃ䛾ᖺ㱋䜎䛷ാ䛝䛯䛔 0.9% 71ṓ ྍ⬟䛺 ௨ୖ 㝈䜚 䜢䛧 䛯䛔 ዪᛶ 60.0% 50.5% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 19.4% 10.0% 17.2% 2.6% 0.4% 1.5% 2.7% 1.0% 60ṓ 61ṓ 62ṓ 63ṓ 64ṓ 0.1% 0.1% 0.2% 0.1% 66ṓ 67ṓ 68ṓ 69ṓ 3.5% 0.6% 0.0% 䜢 䛧䛯䛟 䛺䛔 65ṓ ≉ᐃ䛾ᖺ㱋䜎䛷ാ䛝䛯䛔 70ṓ 71ṓ ௨ୖ ྍ⬟䛺 㝈䜚 䜢䛧 䛯䛔 ὀ㸧ཌ⏕ປാ┬ࠕ୰㧗ᖺ⦪᩿ㄪᰝࠖࡢ➨ 1 ᅇㄪᰝ࠾࠸࡚ 55㹼59 ṓࡢᑵᴗ⪅㝈ᐃ 5 ࠕ⤒῭ศᯒࠖ➨ 191 ྕ ᅗ⾲ 2 ࡣᅇࡢศᯒࢧࣥࣉࣝࢆ࣮࣋ࢫࡋࡓᑵᴗ⋡㸦ධࢆక࠺ࢆᬑẁࡋ࡚࠸ࡿே ࡢྜ㸧ࢆ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋㄪᰝᖺูࠊᖺ㱋ู࡛ࡳ࡚ࡶࠊ⏨ዪࡶᖺࢆ⤒ࡿࡈᑵᴗ⋡ࡣ పୗࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿࠋ≉ᖺ㱋ู࡛ࡳࡿࠊ60 ṓࢆ㉳Ⅼᑵᴗ⋡ࡢⴠࡕᖜࡀࡁࡃ ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊᐃᖺไᗘࡀᙳ㡪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ ᅗ⾲㸰㸬ᑵᴗ⋡ࡢ᥎⛣ ㄪᰝᖺู ᖺ㱋ู 100.0% 100.0% 90.0% 90.0% 80.0% 80.0% 70.0% 70.0% 60.0% 60.0% 50.0% 50.0% 40.0% 40.0% 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 ⏨ᛶ 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 ዪᛶ ⏨ᛶ ዪᛶ 㻌 㻌 ὀ㸧ཌ⏕ປാ┬ࠕ୰㧗ᖺ⦪᩿ㄪᰝࠖࡢ➨ 1 ᅇㄪᰝ࠾࠸࡚ 55㹼59 ṓࡢᑵᴗ⪅㝈ᐃ ᅗ⾲ 3 ࡣࠊ 60㹼64 ṓⅬ࡛ࡘࡁࡓ࠸ࡢ✀㢮ࢆ⾲ࡋࠊ➨ 1 ᅇㄪᰝࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ⏨ᛶࡣࣇࣝࢱ࣒ࡀ 32.1%ࠊ⮬Ⴀᴗࡀ 29.7㸣࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊዪᛶࡣࣃ࣮ࢺࢱ࣒ࡀ 46.7㸣࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ㸦⏨ᛶࡣ 14.5㸣㸧 ࠊ⏨ዪ࡛ഴྥࡀ␗࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࠕࡲࡔ⪃࠼࡚࠸ ࡞࠸ࠖࡣ⏨ᛶ 9.8㸣ࠊዪᛶ 5.6㸣ࡲࡿࠋ ᅗ⾲ 4 ࡣࠊ65㹼69 ṓⅬ࡛ࡘࡁࡓ࠸ࡢ✀㢮ࢆ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡕࡽࡶྠᵝ࡛ࠊ➨ 1 ᅇ ㄪᰝⅬ࡛ࡢ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ⏨ᛶࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ⮬Ⴀᴗࡀ 60㹼64 ṓⅬࡰྠᵝࡢ 23.8㸣࡞ ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࣇࣝࢱ࣒ࡣ 11.8㸣 60㹼64 ṓⅬࡼࡾࡁࡃపୗࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢ୍᪉࡛ࣃ ࣮ࢺࢱ࣒ࡣ⏨ᛶ࡛ 14.4㸣ᩘᏐࡢୖ࡛ࡣࣇࣝࢱ࣒ࡼࡾࡁࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ65 ṓࢆ㉸࠼ ࡓⅬ࡛ࡣࣇࣝࢱ࣒௨እࡢാࡁࡓࡀᕼᮃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊዪᛶࡘ࠸ ࡚ࡣࠊࣃ࣮ࢺࢱ࣒ࡀ 24.5㸣࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ࠶ࡣᐙᡭఏ࠸㸦12.2㸣㸧 ࠊ⮬Ⴀᴗ㸦9.1㸣㸧 ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ ࠕࡲࡔ⪃࠼࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠖࡣ⏨ᛶ 18.9㸣ࠊዪᛶ 18.5㸣ࠊ60㹼64 ṓⅬ ࡼࡾྜࡀ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿࠋ 6 ୰㧗ᖺࡢᑵᴗពḧᐇ㝿ࡢᑵᴗ≧ἣࡢỴᐃせᅉ㛵ࡍࡿศᯒ ᅗ⾲ 3㸬60㹼64 ṓ࡛ാࡁࡓ࠸ࡢෆᐜ 29.7% ⮬Ⴀᴗ ᐙᡭఏ䛔 ෆ⫋䛺䛹 13.2% 2.1% 14.8% 0.6% 4.8% 32.1% 䝣䝹䝍䜲䝮 10.8% 14.5% 䝟䞊䝖䝍䜲䝮 ㏆ᡤ䛾ே䜔♫䛻㢗䜎䜜䛶௵ព䛻⾜䛖 ᭷ൾᆺ䛾♫ཧຍάື 䛭䛾䛾ᙧ 䜎䛰⪃䛘䛶䛔䛺䛔 46.7% 8.6% 6.0% 3.8% 4.3% 6.4% 3.7% 9.8% 5.6% ⏨ᛶ ዪᛶ 㻌 ὀ㸧ཌ⏕ປാ┬ࠕ୰㧗ᖺ⦪᩿ㄪᰝࠖࡢ➨ 1 ᅇㄪᰝ࠾࠸࡚ 55㹼59 ṓࡢᑵᴗ⪅㝈ᐃ 㻌 7 ࠕ⤒῭ศᯒࠖ➨ 191 ྕ ᅗ⾲㸲㸬65㹼69 ṓ࡛ാࡁࡓ࠸ෆᐜ 23.8% ⮬Ⴀᴗ 9.1% 3.0% ᐙᡭఏ䛔 12.2% 0.7% ෆ⫋䛺䛹 4.6% 11.8% 䝣䝹䝍䜲䝮 2.9% 14.4% 䝟䞊䝖䝍䜲䝮 24.5% 7.0% 4.5% ㏆ᡤ䛾ே䜔♫䛻㢗䜎䜜䛶௵ព䛻⾜䛖 4.7% 4.5% ᭷ൾᆺ䛾♫ཧຍάື 6.1% 4.3% 䛭䛾䛾ᙧ 18.9% 18.5% 䜎䛰⪃䛘䛶䛔䛺䛔 0.0% 5.0% ⏨ᛶ 10.0% 15.0% 20.0% 25.0% 30.0% ዪᛶ 㻌 ὀ㸧ཌ⏕ປാ┬ࠕ୰㧗ᖺ⦪᩿ㄪᰝࠖࡢ➨ 1 ᅇㄪᰝ࠾࠸࡚ 55㹼59 ṓࡢᑵᴗ⪅㝈ᐃ 㸱㸬ᑵᴗពḧ㛵ࡍࡿศᯒ ᮏ⠇࡛ࡣࠊᑵᴗពḧࡀࡢࡼ࠺࡞せᅉ࡛Ỵࡲࡿࡢࡘ࠸࡚ぢ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ ࡞ࡿࡀࠊᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣᑵᴗពḧࢆே⏕ࡢ࠺ࡕఱṓࡲ࡛ാࡁࡓ࠸࠸࠺ᣦᶆ࡛ࡳࡿࡇ 8 ୰㧗ᖺࡢᑵᴗពḧᐇ㝿ࡢᑵᴗ≧ἣࡢỴᐃせᅉ㛵ࡍࡿศᯒ ࡍࡿࠋ๓⠇࡛㉁ၥࡋࡓ㉁ၥ㡯┠࡛ࠊձྍ⬟࡞㝈ࡾࢆࡋࡓ࠸ࠊղ65 ṓ௨ୖࡲ࡛ࢆࡋ ࡓ࠸ࠊճ60㹼64 ṓࡲ࡛ࢆࡋࡓ࠸ࠊմࢆࡋࡓࡃ࡞࠸ࠊࡢ 4 ࡘࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥ศࡅࠊࡑ ࢀࡒࢀࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡀ㑅ᢥࡉࢀࡿ☜⋡ࢆࠊከ㡯ࣟࢪࢵࢺࣔࢹࣝࢆ⏝࠸࡚᥎ᐃࡍࡿࠋ ᑵᴗᕼᮃࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊୖグࡢ༊ศࡀពⓗ࠸࠺ぢ᪉ࡶ࠶ࡿࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࡀࠊඛぢ ࡓศᕸࡼࡾ 65 ṓ୍ࡘࡢᒣࡀ࠶ࡾࡑࢀ௨ୖࡢ≉ᐃࡢᖺ㱋ࢆᅇ⟅ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿேࡀከࡃ࡞࠸ ࡓࡵࠊศᕸࡢᙧ≧ࡼࡾୖグࡢࡼ࠺ุ᩿ࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ ࠕྍ⬟࡞㝈ࡾࢆࡋࡓ࠸ࠖᅇ⟅ࡋ ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊᐇ㝿ࡣᑗ᮶ࡢࡇࢆࡑࢀ⪃࠼࡚࠸࡞࠸ྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ࡞ࠊࡇࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥ࢆᅇ ⟅ࡋࡓேࢆᩥᏐ㏻ࡾᤊ࠼ࡿࡇࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓⅬࢆ⪃៖ࡋࠊࡇࡢศᯒ࡛ ࡼࡃࢃࢀࡿ㡰ᗎࣟࢪࢵࢺࣔࢹ࡛ࣝࡣ࡞ࡃࠊከ㡯ࣟࢪࢵࢺࣔࢹࣝࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇࡋࡓࠋ ᅗ⾲ 5 ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝࢆࡲࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᏛṔࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ⏨ᛶࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ᭷ព࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀࠊ ዪᛶࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ▷༞ࠊ༞࡛㛗ࡃാࡁࡓ࠸࠸ࡗࡓຠᯝᑐࡋ࡚࣐ࢼࢫࡢᙳ㡪ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ᛶูࡼࡗ࡚ᏛṔ㐪࠸ࡀ࠶ࡿࡢࡀ⯆῝࠸ࠋ࠾ࡑࡽࡃᅋሢୡ௦ࢆ㏄࠼ࡓዪᛶ࡛㧗ᏛṔ࡞ ேࠊ⮬㌟ࡢᣢࡘேⓗ㈨ᮏࢆ༑ศά⏝࡛ࡁࡎ᪩ᮇࡢᘬ㏥ࢆ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠊ㡸㈓㔠௨እ ࡛ࡣࡽࢀࡿ㈨⏘ࡢୖ࡛༑ศ࡞ࡓࡃࢃ࠼ࡀ࠶ࡿࡽࢆ㎡ࡵࡿࡢࠊ࠸ࡃࡘ௬ㄝࡀ⪃ ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡀࡇࢀࡣᚋࡢ᳨ウㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊዪᛶ㧗ᏛṔࡢᑵᴗពḧࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡇ ࡣ㧗㱋⪅ᑵᴗ⋡ྥୖࡢ୍ࡘࡢㄽⅬ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ᑵᴗ≧ែ㸦➨ 1 ᅇㄪᰝⅬ㸧ࡘ࠸࡚ࡳ࡚ࡳࡿࠊ⏨ᛶࠊዪᛶࡶ⮬Ⴀᴗࠊᙺဨࠊ㠀 ṇ♫ဨ࡛ാ࠸࡚࠸ࡿ⪅ࡣṇ♫ဨẚ࡚㛗ࡃാࡃពḧࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⮬Ⴀᴗࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࡶ ࡶᐃᖺࡀ࡞ࡃࡲࡓ⮬ศࡢ⮬Ⴀࡍࡿᴗᑓ㛛ᛶࢆᣢࡗ࡚㛗ࡃ⥆ࡅࡓ࠸࠸࠺㢪ᮃࢆᣢ ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔࢁ࠺ࠋᙺဨࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ㛗ࡃാࡃពḧࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡣ⯆῝࠸ࠋ㠀ṇ♫ဨ ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ⏨ᛶዪᛶ࡛⫼ᬒࡀ␗࡞ࡿࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࡀࠊඹ㏻ࡋ࡚ゝ࠼ࡿࡇࡣࠊ㡸㈓㔠࡞ ࢆࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝࡋ࡚ࡶ࡞࠾⏕άࡢࡓࡵࡣാࡁ⥆ࡅࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀ࠶ ࡿࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ ⫋✀㸦➨ 1 ᅇㄪᰝⅬ㸧ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊࣈ࣮࣮ࣝ࢝ࣛẚ㍑ࡋࡓಀᩘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⏨ᛶࡘ࠸ ࡚ࡣࠊᑓ㛛⫋࣭ᢏ⾡⫋ࡢࠕྍ⬟࡞㝈ࡾാࡁࡓ࠸ࠖࡢಀᩘࡀࣉࣛࢫ࡛᭷ពࠊ⟶⌮⫋ࡘ࠸࡚ ࡣࠕ65 ṓ௨ୖࡲ࡛ࢆࡋࡓ࠸ࠖ ࠕྍ⬟࡞㝈ࡾാࡁࡓ࠸ࠖࡢಀᩘࡀ࣐ࢼࢫ࡛᭷ព࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡲࡓࠊົ⫋ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ⏨ዪࡶ㛗ࡃാࡁࡓ࠸࠸࠺ഴྥࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ⏨ᛶ㛵ࡋ࡚ ࡣᑓ㛛⫋࣭ᢏ⾡⫋࡛࠶ࡿࠊ⮬ศࡢᑓ㛛ᛶࢆ⏕ࡋ࡚㛗ࡃ⥅⥆ᑵᴗ࡛ࡁࡿᛮࡗ࡚ពḧࡀ 㧗࠸ྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ୍᪉ࠊࡑࡢࡢ⫋✀࡛ࡣᑓ㛛ᛶࡀ࠶ࡲࡾ࡞ࡃࠊᑵᴗࡋ࡚ࡶ༑ศ࡞ධࡀ ᚓࡽࢀ࡞࠸࠸ࡗࡓࡇࡀ⫼ᬒ࠶ࡿࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ ࡲࡓࠊ㐣ཤࡢ⫋Ṕࡘ࠸࡚ぢ࡚ࡳࡿࠊ ࠕྠࡌᴗ࡛ 20 ᖺ௨ୖࠖࡢಀᩘࡣ⏨ዪࡶ࣐ ࢼࢫ࡛᭷ពࡢ㒊ศࡀ࠶ࡾࠊ㛗ࡃാࡃពḧࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ഴྥࡀࡳࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑࡢࡢ᮲௳ ࢆࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊྠࡌᴗ࡛㛗ࡃົࡵ࡚࠸ࡿேࠊᐃᖺ㸦ࡲࡓࡣ㞠⏝ᚋ ࡢ㞠⏝ዎ⣙‶㸧ࢆ⫋ᴗே⏕ࡢ୍ࡘࡢ༊ษࡾࡋ࡚ࠊປാᕷሙࡽᘬ㏥ࢆࡋࡼ࠺ᛮࡗ࡚ ࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓᴗつᶍ㸦➨ 1 ᅇㄪᰝⅬ㸧ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᴗ࡞ࡿ㛗ࡃ ാࡃ࠸ࡗࡓഴྥࡀぢࡽࢀ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡇࡶࡩࡲ࠼ࡿࠊྠࡌᴗ࡛㛗ࡃാ࠸ 9 ࠕ⤒῭ศᯒࠖ➨ 191 ྕ ᅗ⾲㸳㸬ᑵᴗពḧ㛵ࡍࡿከ㡯ࣟࢪࢵࢺࣔࢹࣝ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝ 䛂䛿䛧䛯䛟䛺䛔䛃 䛂䛿䛧䛯䛟䛺䛔 䛻ᑐ䛩䜛ಀᩘ㻌 䛃䛻ᑐ䛩䜛ಀᩘ ᖺ㱋䠄㼢㼟㻚㻌㻡㻡ṓ䠅 㻡㻢ṓ 㻡㻣ṓ 㻡㻤ṓ 㻡㻥ṓ ⏨ᛶ 60䡚64ṓ 65ṓ௨ୖ ྍ⬟䛺㝈 䜎䛷 䜎䛷 䜚䜢 䜢䛧䛯䛔 䜢䛧䛯䛔 䛧䛯䛔 ዪᛶ 60䡚64ṓ 65ṓ௨ୖ ྍ⬟䛺㝈 䜎䛷 䜎䛷 䜚䜢 䜢䛧䛯䛔 䜢䛧䛯䛔 䛧䛯䛔 ᏛṔ䠄㼢㼟㻚㻌୰㧗༞䠅 䚷▷༞ 䚷༞ 䚷䛭䛾 ᑵᴗᙧែ䠄㼢㼟㻚㻌ṇ♫ဨ䠅 䚷⮬Ⴀ䞉ᐙ᪘ᚑᴗ 䚷ᙺဨ 䚷㠀ṇ♫ဨ 䚷䛭䛾 ⫋ᴗ䠄㼢㼟㻚㻌䝤䝹䞊䜹䝷䞊䠅 䚷ᑓ㛛⫋䞉ᢏ⾡⫋ 䚷⟶⌮⫋ 䚷ົ⫋ ᴗつᶍ䠄㼢㼟㻚㻌㻝㻜㻜ே௨ୗ䠅 䚷㻝㻜㻜䠉㻥㻥㻥ே 䚷㻝㻜㻜㻜ே௨ୖ 䚷ᐁබᗇ 㸦ḟ࣮࣌ࢪ⥆ࡃ㸧 㻌 㻌 10 㻌 ୰㧗ᖺࡢᑵᴗពḧᐇ㝿ࡢᑵᴗ≧ἣࡢỴᐃせᅉ㛵ࡍࡿศᯒ ᅗ⾲ 5 ࡢ⥆ࡁ 䛂䛿䛧䛯䛟䛺䛔䛃 䛂䛿䛧䛯䛟䛺䛔 䛃䛻ᑐ䛩䜛ಀᩘ 䛻ᑐ䛩䜛ಀᩘ㻌 ⏨ᛶ 60䡚64ṓ 65ṓ௨ୖ ྍ⬟䛺㝈 䜎䛷 䜎䛷 䜚䜢 䜢䛧䛯䛔 䜢䛧䛯䛔 䛧䛯䛔 㐣ཤ䛾⫋Ṕ 䚷ྠ䛨ᴗ䛷㻞㻜ᖺ௨ୖ 䚷㌿⫋䛧䛯䛜ྠ䛨㻞㻜ᖺ௨ୖ ᣢᐙ䝎䝭䞊 ఫᏯ䝻䞊䞁䛒䜚䝎䝭䞊 㡸㈓㔠䠄䠅 㡸㈓㔠᫂䝎䝭䞊 㓄അ⪅䛒䜚䝎䝭䞊 㓄അ⪅ᑵᴗ䝎䝭䞊 㻸㼛㼓㻌㻸㼕㼗㼑㼘㼕㼔㼛㼛㼐 㻻㼎㼟㼑㼞㼢㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㼟 ዪᛶ 60䡚64ṓ 65ṓ௨ୖ ྍ⬟䛺㝈 䜎䛷 䜎䛷 䜚䜢 䜢䛧䛯䛔 䜢䛧䛯䛔 䛧䛯䛔 ὀ㸧ཌ⏕ປാ┬ࠕ୰㧗ᖺ⦪᩿ㄪᰝࠖࡢ➨ 1 ᅇㄪᰝࡢሗࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࠋ⾲ࡢ್ࡣಀᩘࠋ( )ෆࡣ ᶆ‽ㄗᕪࠋ*** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1ࠋ ࡚࠸ࡿேࡸᴗつᶍࡢࡁ࠸ᴗ࡛ാ࠸࡚࠸ࡿேᴗᖺ㔠ࡀᐇࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ ࡇࢆᮇᚅࡋ࡚ປാᕷሙࡽᘬ㏥ࡋࡓ࠸ᛮ࠺ྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ࡑࡢࡢࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝኚᩘࡘ࠸࡚ࡶぢ࡚࠾ࡃࠊᖺ㱋ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ୍㒊࡛⤫ィⓗ᭷ ព࡞㐪࠸ࡀࡳࡽࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓᣢᐙࡀ࠶ࡿே㛗ࡃാࡃពḧࢆᣢࡓ࡞࠸ഴྥࡀぢࡽࢀࠊఫᏯ ࣮ࣟࣥࡀ࠶ࡿே㛗ࡃാࡃពḧࡀࡳࡽࢀࡿࠋ㡸㈓㔠ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣಀᩘࡀ㈇࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㡸㈓㔠 ࡀከ࠸ே㛗ࡃാࡃពḧࡀぢࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡲࡓ㓄അ⪅ࡢ᭷↓ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣዪᛶ࠾࠸࡚ಀᩘ ࡀ࣐ࢼࢫ࡛࠶ࡾࠊዪᛶ࡛࠶ࢀࡤ㓄അ⪅ࡀ࠸ࡿ㛗ࡃാࡃഴྥࡀ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿࡀࠊ⏨ᛶࡘ ࠸࡚ࡣࡑࡢᙳ㡪ࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ㓄അ⪅ࡀᑵᴗࡋ࡚࠸ࡿྰ㸦➨ 1 ᅇㄪᰝⅬ㸧ࡣࠊዪᛶ ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ୍㒊ࢆ㝖ࡁ᭷ព࡛ࡣ࡞࠸୍᪉ࠊ⏨ᛶࡘ࠸࡚ࡣಀᩘࡀࣉࣛࢫ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㓄അ⪅ࡀ ാ࠸࡚࠸ࡿ⏨ᛶ㛗ࡃാࡇ࠺ࡍࡿࠋ ࡇࡢ⫼ᬒࡣࡼࡃࢃࡽࡎᚋࡢ᳨ウㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ ୍ࡘࡢྍ⬟ᛶࡋ࡚ࡑࡢࡢ᮲௳ࢆࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝࡋ࡚ࡶ⏨ዪඹാ࠸࡚࠸ࡿኵ፬ࡢ⏨ᛶࡣ ᚋࡶᡤᚓ☜ಖࡢࡓࡵാࡁࡓ࠸ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ ௨ୖࡲࡵࡿࠊᖺ㔠ཷ⤥ࡢᮇᚅ㛵㐃ࡍࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺♫ࡢつᶍࡸ⫋Ṕࠊ⫋ᴗࡢᑓ㛛ᛶࠊ 11 㻌 ࠕ⤒῭ศᯒࠖ➨ 191 ྕ ᐙᗞ⎔ቃ࡞ᵝࠎ࡞せᅉࡀᑵᴗពḧᙳ㡪ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀศࡗࡓࠋ⥆࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡇ࠺ࡋ ࡓᑵᴗពḧࡼࡾᐇ㝿ࡢᑵᴗࡀ࠺࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡘ࠸࡚ᢕᥱࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ 㸲㸬ᐇ㝿ࡢᑵᴗ⥅⥆㛵ࡍࡿศᯒ ᮏ⠇࡛ࡣᐇ㝿ࡢᑵᴗ⥅⥆ᑐࡋ࡚㐣ཤࡢᑵᴗពḧࡀࢀࡔࡅᙳ㡪ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡘ࠸࡚ ศᯒࢆࡍࡿࠋ ᑵᴗ⥅⥆ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ⥅⥆ࡋ࡚ᑵᴗࡍࡿྰࢆ⏕Ꮡ㛫ศᯒࡢࣇ࣮࣒࣮ࣞ࣡ࢡ࡛ゎ㔘 ࢆࡋ┤ࡋࠊ⏕Ꮡ㛫ศᯒࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࣁࢨ࣮ࢻࣔࢹࣝࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓᅇ⏝ࡍࡿࢹ࣮ࢱ ࡣ 8 ᮇ㛫ศࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ㛫ࢆ㞳ᩓኚᩘࡋ࡚ࡽ࠼ࡿࡇࡍࡿࠋ ࣁࢨ࣮ࢻࣔࢹࣝࡣࠊ⥅⥆ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࣋ࣥࢺ㸦ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣᑵᴗ≧ែ࠶ࡿࡇ㸧ࡀ⤊ࡍ ࡿ☜⋡ࢆࣁࢨ࣮ࢻࡧࠊࣁࢨ࣮ࢻࢆ⿕ㄝ᫂ኚᩘࡋࡓࣔࢹࣝࢆ᥎ᐃࡍࡿࠋලయⓗࡣࣁ ࢨ࣮ࢻࡣㄝ᫂ኚᩘࡢຠᯝࡀ⤒㐣㛫ẚࡋ࡚ኚືࡍࡿࣔࢹࣝࢆᐃࡋࠊᘧ࡛᭩ࡃ௨ୗ ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࠋ (t | X i ) 0 (t ) exp( X i ) where (t | X i ) lim t Pr(t T t |t T) t 0 ୖグࡢ Ȝ ࡀࣁࢨ࣮ࢻ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡀ t 0 ࠸࠺⤒㐣㛫 t ࡋ౫Ꮡࡋ࡞࠸㡯㸦࣮࣋ࢫࣛ ࣥࡤࢀࡿ㸧ࠊㄝ᫂ኚᩘ㸦X㸧ಀᩘ㸦ȕ㸧ࡢ✚ࡢ㒊ศ࠶ࡓࡿ H[S;ȕࡢ✚࡛⾲⌧ ࡍࡿࣔࢹ࡛ࣝ࠶ࡿࠋ࡞࠾ୖグࡢ T ࡣ࣋ࣥࢺࡀ⤊ࡍࡿ㛫ࢆ⾲ࡍࠋ㞳ᩓ㛫ࢆ௬ᐃࡋ࡚ ࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊୖグࡢࣔࢹࣝࡣࣟࢪࢵࢺࣔࢹࣝኚࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࠊ࣮࣋ࢫࣛࣥ࠶ࡓࡿ 㡯ࡣ⤒㐣㛫㸦ᮏ✏࡛ࡣ⦪᩿ㄪᰝࡢㄪᰝᐇᅇᩘ㸧࠶ࡓࡿࢲ࣑࣮ኚᩘ࡛ࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝࡍ ࢀࡤࡼ࠸ࡇ࡞ࡿࠋ ᅗ⾲ 6 ࡀศᯒࡋࡓ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋಀᩘࡢぢ᪉ࡋ࡚ࠊಀᩘࡀࣉࣛࢫ࡛࠶ࡿᑵᴗ⥅ ⥆ࡀ㛗ࡃ࡞ࡿഴྥࢆពࡋࠊಀᩘࡀ࣐ࢼࢫ࡛࠶ࡿᑵᴗ⥅⥆ࡀ▷ࡃ࡞ࡿഴྥࢆ♧ࡍࠋ ࡞࠾ࠊ(3)ᘧࠊ(6)ᘧࡣᗣ≧ែᑵᴗពḧࡢᕪ㡯ࢆධࢀࡓࣔࢹ࡛ࣝ࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡑࡢ᥎ᐃࡢព ⩏ࠊ⤖ᯝࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࡇࡢㄝࡢ᭱ᚋࡩࢀࡓ࠸ࠋ ᑵᴗពḧࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ⏨ዪࡶࠊ㛗ࡃᑵᴗࢆᕼᮃࡍࡿேᐇ㝿ࡶ⥅⥆ᑵᴗࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ ࡇࡀࢃࡾࠊ ᮏ✏࡛ᐃ㏻ࡾࡢ⤖ᯝ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ಀᩘࡶࡢ⤖ᯝẚ࡚ࡁ࠸ࡀࠊ ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣಀᩘࡢࡁࡉࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㆟ㄽ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊ࠶࡛ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࡢ⤖ᯝࡘ ࠸࡚㆟ㄽࡍࡿࡇ࡛ᙳ㡪ࡢࡁࡉࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡍࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࡇࡢಀᩘࡢࡁࡉࡣㅖࠎࡢಀ ᩘ࡛ࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝࡋࡓሙྜࡑ࠺࡛࡞࠸ሙྜ࡛ࡁࡉࡣࡑࢀ㐪࠸ࡣ࡞࠸ࡇࡶᣦࡋ 12 ୰㧗ᖺࡢᑵᴗពḧᐇ㝿ࡢᑵᴗ≧ἣࡢỴᐃせᅉ㛵ࡍࡿศᯒ ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ ᮏ✏ࡢࡼ࠺ᑵᴗᮇ㛫ࢆ⿕ㄝ᫂ኚᩘࡋࡓሙྜࠊ ྠࡌⅬࡢ⫋ᴗࡸᴗつᶍࠊ ᑵᴗᙧែࢆㄝ᫂ኚᩘຍ࠼ࡿ⿕ㄝ᫂ኚᩘࠊㄝ᫂ኚᩘྠࡌࡼ࠺࡞ኚᩘࡀྵࡲࢀ࡚ࡃࡿࡢ ࡛ㄝ᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵᮏ✏࡛ࡣࠊ➨ 1 ᅇㄪᰝ㸦2005 ᖺ㸧Ⅼࡢᑵᴗᙧ ែࠊ⫋ᴗࠊᴗつᶍࢆࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝࡍࡿ᥎ᐃࡋ࡞࠸᥎ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊᑵᴗពḧ ࡢಀᩘࡣࢇኚࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇࡽࡶࠊ ᑵᴗពḧࡣ㔜せ࡞ኚᩘ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿࠋ ࡇࡢ᥎ᐃ࠾࠸࡚ࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝࡋࡓኚᩘࡢຠᯝࡘ࠸࡚ࡶぢ࡚࠾ࡇ࠺ࠋᏛṔࡘ࠸ ࡚ࡣࠊ⏨ᛶࡣ 2 ࡘࡢ᥎ᐃᘧࡶᏛṔࡀ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡿᑵᴗ⥅⥆ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺⤖ᯝ࡞ ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ ዪᛶࡣ 2005 ᖺⅬࡢᑵᴗ㛵㐃ࡢኚᩘࢆࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝࡋ࡞࠸᥎ᐃᘧ࠾࠸࡚ࡢ ࡳᏛṔࡀ㧗࠸ᑵᴗ⥅⥆ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺⤖ᯝ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᅗ⾲ 6㸬ᐇ㝿ࡢᑵᴗ⥅⥆㛵ࡍࡿࣁࢨ࣮ࢻࣔࢹࣝ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝ 㼂㻭㻾㻵㻭㻮㻸㻱㻿 ᑵᴗពḧ䠄㼢㼟㻚㻌䛿䛧䛯䛟䛺䛔䠅 䚷㻢㻜䡚㻢㻠ṓ䜎䛷䜢䛧䛯䛔 䚷㻢㻡ṓ௨ୖ䜎䛷䜢䛧䛯䛔 䚷ྍ⬟䛺㝈䜚䜢䛧䛯䛔 ᏛṔ䠄㼢㼟㻚㻌୰㧗༞䠅 䚷▷༞ 䚷༞ 䚷䛭䛾 ⏨ᛶ ዪᛶ 0.701*** (0.051) 1.173*** (0.041) 1.274*** (0.037) 0.761*** (0.052) 1.118*** (0.041) 1.155*** (0.038) 0.831*** (0.059) 1.189*** (0.047) 1.270*** (0.044) 0.675*** (0.050) 1.206*** (0.040) 1.188*** (0.033) 0.703*** (0.051) 1.159*** (0.041) 1.111*** (0.034) 0.703*** (0.051) 1.159*** (0.041) 1.111*** (0.034) 0.347*** (0.064) 0.210*** (0.036) 0.081 (0.099) 0.240*** (0.065) 0.191*** (0.037) 0.039 (0.101) 0.235*** (0.065) 0.193*** (0.037) 0.048 (0.101) 0.096*** (0.035) 0.144** (0.062) 0.178 (0.110) -0.039 (0.037) -0.034 (0.067) 0.082 (0.112) -0.036 (0.037) -0.027 (0.067) 0.092 (0.112) 1.003*** (0.057) 0.441*** (0.057) -0.218*** (0.049) -0.434*** (0.099) 1.010*** (0.057) 0.444*** (0.058) -0.215*** (0.049) -0.415*** (0.099) 0.928*** (0.051) 0.866*** (0.097) -0.113*** (0.036) -0.574*** (0.063) 0.926*** (0.051) 0.854*** (0.097) -0.113*** (0.036) -0.579*** (0.064) 0.102*** (0.038) 0.048 (0.043) -0.165*** (0.055) 0.101*** (0.038) 0.054 (0.043) -0.159*** (0.055) 0.431*** (0.047) 0.180* (0.098) -0.127*** (0.038) 0.430*** (0.047) 0.186* (0.098) -0.126*** (0.038) -0.317*** (0.039) -0.369*** (0.043) -0.079 (0.062) -0.317*** (0.039) -0.365*** (0.043) -0.077 (0.062) -0.028 (0.036) -0.100* (0.052) -0.278*** (0.067) -0.026 (0.037) -0.106** (0.052) -0.282*** (0.067) ᑵᴗᙧែ䠄㼢㼟㻚㻌ṇ♫ဨ䠅 䚷⮬Ⴀ䞉ᐙ᪘ᚑᴗ 䚷ᙺဨ 䚷㠀ṇ♫ဨ 䚷䛭䛾 ⫋ᴗ䠄㼢㼟㻚㻌䝤䝹䞊䜹䝷䞊䠅 䚷ᑓ㛛⫋䞉ᢏ⾡⫋ 䚷⟶⌮⫋ 䚷ົ⫋ ᴗつᶍ䠄㼢㼟㻚㻌㻝㻜㻜ே௨ୗ䠅 䚷㻝㻜㻜䠉㻥㻥㻥ே 䚷㻝㻜㻜㻜ே௨ୖ 䚷ᐁබᗇ 㐣ཤ䛾⫋Ṕ 䚷ྠ䛨ᴗ䛷㻞㻜ᖺ௨ୖ 䚷㌿⫋䛧䛯䛜ྠ䛨㻞㻜ᖺ௨ୖ 㸦ḟࡢ࣮࣌ࢪ⥆ࡃ㸧 13 ࠕ⤒῭ศᯒࠖ➨ 191 ྕ ᅗ⾲ 6 ⥆ࡁ 㼂㻭㻾㻵㻭㻮㻸㻱㻿 ほⓗᗣ≧ែ䠄㼢㼟㻚㻌Ⰻ䛔䠅 㻌㻌䛹䛱䜙䛛䛸ゝ䛘䜀ᝏ䛔 䚷ᝏ䛔 䚷ኚᝏ䛔 ⏨ᛶ ዪᛶ -0.463*** (0.037) -1.130*** (0.063) -1.781*** (0.110) -0.485*** (0.038) -1.150*** (0.065) -1.862*** (0.112) -0.287*** (0.075) -0.685*** (0.132) -1.233*** (0.237) -0.319*** (0.038) -0.792*** (0.073) -1.257*** (0.156) -0.329*** (0.039) -0.867*** (0.074) -1.338*** (0.160) -0.198*** (0.074) -0.393*** (0.141) -0.277 (0.320) ᗣ≧ែ䛸ᑵᴗពḧ䛾ᕪ㡯 䚷䚷㻢㻜䡚㻢㻠ṓ㽢䛹䛱䜙䛸䛔䛘䜀ᝏ䛔 -0.249* (0.134) -0.299 (0.257) -0.392 (0.563) -0.139 (0.107) -0.618*** (0.186) -0.882*** (0.337) -0.347*** (0.096) -0.670*** (0.162) -0.823*** (0.282) 䚷䚷㻢㻡ṓ௨ୖ㽢䛹䛱䜙䛸䛔䛘䜀ᝏ䛔 䚷䚷ྍ⬟䛺㝈䜚㽢䛹䛱䜙䛸䛔䛘䜀ᝏ䛔 䚷䚷㻢㻜䡚㻢㻠ṓ㽢ᝏ䛔 䚷䚷㻢㻡ṓ௨ୖ㽢ᝏ䛔 䚷䚷ྍ⬟䛺㝈䜚㽢ᝏ䛔 䚷䚷㻢㻜䡚㻢㻠ṓ㽢ኚᝏ䛔 䚷䚷㻢㻡ṓ௨ୖ㽢ኚᝏ䛔 䚷䚷ྍ⬟䛺㝈䜚㽢ኚᝏ䛔 ᣢᐙ䝎䝭䞊 ఫᏯ䝻䞊䞁䛒䜚䝎䝭䞊 㡸㈓㔠䠄䠅 -0.201*** (0.049) 0.446*** (0.039) -0.000*** (0.000) 0.313*** (0.046) 0.364*** (0.031) -0.285*** (0.051) 0.420*** (0.040) -0.000*** (0.000) -0.063* (0.035) 0.297*** (0.047) 0.332*** (0.032) -0.286*** (0.051) 0.418*** (0.040) -0.000*** (0.000) -0.062* (0.035) 0.296*** (0.047) 0.333*** (0.032) 㡸㈓㔠᫂䝎䝭䞊 㓄അ⪅䛒䜚䝎䝭䞊 㓄അ⪅ᑵᴗ䝎䝭䞊 㻸㼛㼓㻌㻸㼕㼗㼑㼘㼕㼔㼛㼛㼐 㻻㼎㼟㼑㼞㼢㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㼟 㻿㼠㼍㼚㼐㼍㼞㼐㻌㼑㼞㼞㼛㼞㼟㻌㼕㼚㻌㼜㼍㼞㼑㼚㼠㼔㼑㼟㼑㼟 㻖㻖㻖㻌㼜㻨㻜㻚㻜㻝㻘㻌㻖㻖㻌㼜㻨㻜㻚㻜㻡㻘㻌㻖㻌㼜㻨㻜㻚㻝 -0.134 (0.146) -0.214 (0.309) -0.803 (0.636) -0.070 (0.119) -0.783*** (0.222) -2.210*** (0.474) -0.239** (0.094) -0.673*** (0.176) -1.126*** (0.404) -0.198*** (0.045) 0.343*** (0.038) -0.000*** (0.000) -0.288*** (0.038) 0.356*** (0.030) -0.270*** (0.046) 0.306*** (0.038) -0.000*** (0.000) 0.075** (0.033) -0.268*** (0.039) 0.293*** (0.031) -0.274*** (0.046) 0.304*** (0.038) -0.000*** (0.000) 0.074** (0.033) -0.262*** (0.039) 0.291*** (0.031) ὀ㸧ୖグࡢᑵᴗᙧែࠊ⫋ᴗࠊᴗつᶍࡣཌ⏕ປാ┬ࠕ୰㧗ᖺ⦪᩿ㄪᰝࠖࡢ➨ 1 ᅇㄪᰝࡢ ሗࢆ⏝࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⾲ࡢ್ࡣಀᩘࠋ㸦 㸧ෆࡣᶆ‽ㄗᕪࠋ*** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1ࠋ ⾲௨እᖺ㱋ㄪᰝᖺḟࢲ࣑࣮ࢆࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 㐣ཤࡢ⫋Ṕࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ⏨ዪࡶࠕྠࡌᴗ࡛ 20 ᖺ௨ୖࠖࡢಀᩘࡀ㈇࡛᭷ព࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ඛࡢゎ㔘ࡢࡼ࠺ࠊྠࡌᴗ࡛㛗ࡃົࡵ࡚࠸ࡿேᴗᖺ㔠ࡀᐇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡞ ࡽࠊ᪩ࠎປാᕷሙࡽᘬ㏥ࡍࡿഴྥࡀࡳࡽࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋྠᵝࡢࡇࡣᴗつᶍ ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ࠸࠼ࠊᴗつᶍࡀࡁࡃ࡞ࡿࡘࢀ᪩ࠎປാᕷሙࡽᘬ㏥ࡍࡿഴྥࡀࡳࡽࢀ ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ⫋ᴗࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ⯆῝࠸ࠋࣈ࣮࣮ࣝ࢝ࣛࡃࡽ࡚ࠊ⏨ዪࡶᑓ㛛⫋࣭ᢏ⾡⫋ 14 ୰㧗ᖺࡢᑵᴗពḧᐇ㝿ࡢᑵᴗ≧ἣࡢỴᐃせᅉ㛵ࡍࡿศᯒ ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣಀᩘࡀࣉࣛࢫ࡛᭷ព࡛࠶ࡾࠊᑵᴗ⥅⥆ࡍࡿഴྥࡀࡳࡽࢀࡿ୍᪉ࠊົ⫋ࡘ࠸ ࡚ࡣࠊ⏨ዪࡶಀᩘࡀ࣐ࢼࢫ࡛᭷ព࡛࠶ࡾࠊ๓⠇ྠᵝࡼࡾᑓ㛛ᛶࡢ㧗࠸⫋✀ࡘ ࠸࡚࠸ࡿᐇ㝿ᑵᴗ⥅⥆ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᑓ㛛ᛶࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㌿⫋࡞ࢆࡋࡸࡍࡃാࡁ ⥆ࡅࡿࡇࡶ࡛ࡁࡿࡋປാᡤᚓࡶ☜ಖ࡛ࡁࡿࡇࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿࠋ ࡲࡓࠊඛ⾜◊✲ྠᵝᗣ≧ែࡀⰋ࠸ே⥅⥆ᑵᴗࡍࡿຠᯝࡀࡳࡽࢀࡿࠋᣢᐙࡣ࣐ ࢼࢫ࡛᭷ពࠊఫᏯ࣮ࣟࣥࡣࣉࣛࢫ࡛᭷ពࠊ㡸㈓㔠ࡣ࣐ࢼࢫ࡛᭷ព࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡽ㈨⏘ వ⿱ࡀ࠶ࡿே⥅⥆ᑵᴗࢆࡋ࡞࠸ഴྥࡀ࠶ࡾࠊ ඛ⾜◊✲ྠᵝࡢ⤖ᯝࡀᚓࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 㓄അ⪅ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢຠᯝࡣ⏨ዪ࡛␗࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ㓄അ⪅ࡀ࠸ࡿ⏨ᛶᑵᴗ⥅⥆ࡍࡿຠᯝ ࡀࡳࡽࢀࡿࡀࠊ㓄അ⪅ࡀ࠸ࡿዪᛶ⥅⥆ᑵᴗࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡲࡓࠊ㓄അ⪅ࡀᑵᴗࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ ࡢຠᯝࡣ⏨ዪྠࡌ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㓄അ⪅ࡀᑵᴗࡋ࡚࠸ࡿேᑵᴗ⥅⥆ࡍࡿഴྥࡀぢࡽࢀࠊࡇ ࡢ⫼ᬒࡣࡑࡢࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸せᅉ࡛⏕ά㈝ࢆ☜ಖࡍࡿࡓࡵඹാࡁࢆࡍ ࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿே㛗ࡃാࡃഴྥࡀࡳࡽࢀࡿࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࡳࡿ㈨⏘≧ἣࡸᖺ㔠ࡢཷ⤥ࠊ⏕ά㈝ࡢ☜ಖࡢᐜ᫆ࡉ࡞㔠㖹ⓗ࡞㠃࡛ᑵᴗ ⥅⥆ᙳ㡪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡣࠊඛ⾜◊✲࡛ࡶ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓ࠾ࡾ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᮏ◊✲࡛ࡶ☜ㄆࡉࢀ ࡓࡀࠊࡑࢀࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊᑓ㛛ᛶࡢ࠶ࡿ⫋ᴗࡘ࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀᑵᴗពḧࣉࣛࢫാࡃࡔ ࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊᐇ㝿ࡢᑵᴗ⥅⥆ࡶࣉࣛࢫാ࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡣᙉㄪࡋ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ ࡉ࡚ࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᑵᴗពḧࡢຠᯝࡀࢀࡔࡅࡁ࠸᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝ㸦ᅗ⾲ 6 ࡢ⏨ᛶ㸦1㸧ᘧࠊ ዪᛶ㸦4㸧ᘧ㸧ࢆࡶࠊࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࢆ⾜࠺ࠋࡢ᮲௳ࢆ୍ᐃ㸦㐃⥆್ࠊ༢୍ࡢࢲ࣑ ࣮ኚᩘࡣᖹᆒ್ࠊ」ᩘࡢࢲ࣑࣮ኚᩘࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࣞࣇࣞࣥࢫࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡀ᥇⏝ࡉࢀࡿ㸧ࡋ ࡓࡁࠊᑵᴗពḧࡀኚࢃࡿᐇ㝿ࡢ⥅⥆ᑵᴗ⋡࠺ᙳ㡪ࡍࡿࢆぢ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋࡑࡢ⤖ ᯝࡀᅗ⾲ 7 ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᅗ⾲ 7 ࢆぢࡿࠊ⏨ዪࡶࠕࢆࡋࡓࡃ࡞࠸ࠖࠕྍ⬟࡞㝈ࡾࢆࡋࡓ࠸ࠖࡢᕪ ࡣ⤒㐣㛫ࡶࡁࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿࠋᑵᴗ⥅⥆ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿேࡢྜ࡛ࡳࡿ 2012 ᖺ࡛ࡣ 2 ಸࡃࡽ࠸ࡢ㐪࠸ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢព࡛ᑵᴗពḧࡣ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘࡢࣥࣃࢡࢺࡀ࠶ࡿ ゝ࠼ࡿࠋࡑࢀຍ࠼ࠊ⏨ዪࡶࠕ60㹼64 ṓࡲ࡛ാࡁࡓ࠸ࠖࠕ65 ṓ௨ୖࡲ࡛ാࡁࡓ࠸ࠖ ࡢ㛫ࡣ⥅⥆ᑵᴗ⋡ࡁ࡞㐪࠸ࡀ࠶ࡿࡀࠊ ࠕ65 ṓ௨ୖࡲ࡛ࢆࡋࡓ࠸ࠖࠕྍ⬟࡞㝈 ࡾࢆࡋࡓ࠸ࠖࡢ㛫ࡣࡁ࡞㐪࠸ࡀぢࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࠋᅇࡢศᯒࢧࣥࣉ࡛ࣝࡣ㧗ᖺ㱋⪅㞠 ⏝Ᏻᐃἲࡀᨵṇࡉࢀࠊᕼᮃ⪅ᑐࡋ࡚ 65 ṓࡲ࡛㞠⏝ࡍࡿࡇࢆ᫂♧ࡉࢀࡓࡀࠊࡇࡢᨵṇ ᙜ࡚ࡣࡲࡿᖺ௦࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊᑵᴗពḧࡀ 65 ṓࡲ࡛ 65 ṓ௨ୖ࡛ࡁ࡞㐪࠸ࡀぢ࠼ࡿࡢࡔ ࢁ࠺ࠋ ᅗ⾲ 7 ࢆぢࡿ㝈ࡾࠊ ࠕ65 ṓ௨ୖࡲ࡛ാࡁࡓ࠸ࠖࡸࠕྍ⬟࡞㝈ࡾࢆࡋࡓ࠸ࠖᅇ⟅ࡋ ࡚࠸ࡿேࡢ୰࡛ࡶࠊ 㠀ᑵᴗ࡞ࡿேࡀぢཷࡅࡽࢀࡿࠋ ᑵᴗពḧࡀ㧗ࡗࡓࡶࢃࡽࡎࠊ ࡑࡢᚋ㠀ᑵᴗ࡞ࡿせᅉࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊᗣ≧ែࡢ㛵㐃ࡀᙉ࠸ุ᩿ࡋࠊᑵᴗព ḧᗣ≧ែࡢᕪ㡯ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆㄪࡓࠋᅗ⾲ 6 ࠾ࡅࡿ(3)ᘧࠊ(6)ᘧࡣࠊᑵᴗពḧᗣ≧ ែࡢᕪ㡯ࢆධࢀࡓ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢࡢㄝ᫂ኚᩘࡢຠᯝࡣୖ㏙ࡰྠࡌ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊ 15 ࠕ⤒῭ศᯒࠖ➨ 191 ྕ ᕪ㡯ࡢ⤖ᯝࡢࡳぢ࡚ࡳࡓ࠸ࠋࠕ65 ṓ௨ୖࡲ࡛ാࡁࡓ࠸ࠖࡸࠕྍ⬟࡞㝈ࡾࢆࡋࡓ࠸ࠖ ᗣᝏࡢຠᯝࡀ࣐ࢼࢫ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㛗ࡃാࡁࡓ࠸ពḧࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡋ࡚ࡶᗣ≧ែࡀᝏ ࡍࡿࢆ㎡ࡵࡿഴྥࡀࡳࡽࢀࡿࠋᮏேࡢᑵᴗពḧࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡋ࡚ࡶᗣ≧ែࡀᝏࡍ ࡿࡇࡼࡾ㎡ࡵࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸≧ἣࡀࡇࡢ᥎ィ⤖ᯝࡽࡣ࠺ࡀ࠼ࡿࠋ ᅗ⾲ 7㸬ࣁࢨ࣮ࢻࣔࢹࣝࡢ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝࡽぢࡓᑵᴗពḧࡢຠᯝ ⏨ᛶ 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 䛿䛧䛯䛟䛺䛔 60䡚64ṓ䜎䛷䜢䛧䛯䛔 65ṓ௨ୖ䜎䛷䜢䛧䛯䛔 ྍ⬟䛺㝈䜚䜢䛧䛯䛔 2012 ዪᛶ 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 䛿䛧䛯䛟䛺䛔 60 䡚64ṓ䜎䛷䜢䛧䛯䛔 65ṓ௨ୖ䜎䛷䜢䛧䛯䛔 ྍ⬟䛺㝈䜚䜢䛧䛯䛔 2012 ὀ㸧ᅗ⾲ 6 ࡢ(1)ᘧࠊ(4)ᘧ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ」ᩘࢲ࣑࣮ࡣࣞࣇࣞࣥࢫኚᩘࢆᇶ‽ࡋ࡚ࢩ࣑ࣗࣞ ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆᐇ 16 ୰㧗ᖺࡢᑵᴗពḧᐇ㝿ࡢᑵᴗ≧ἣࡢỴᐃせᅉ㛵ࡍࡿศᯒ 㸳㸬ࡲࡵࣥࣉࣜࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ㧗㱋⪅ࡢᑵᴗ⋡ྥୖ࠸࠺ほⅬࡽࠊఱṓࡲ࡛ാࡁࡓ࠸࠸ࡗࡓᑵᴗព ḧࡘ࠸࡚ὀ┠ࡋࠊᑵᴗពḧࡀࡑࡢᚋࡢᑵᴗ⥅⥆ࡘ࡞ࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢆཌ⏕ປാ┬ࠕ୰㧗 ᖺ⦪᩿ㄪᰝࠖࢆ⏝࠸᳨࡚ドࢆࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ௨ୗࡢⅬࡀࢃࡗࡓࠋ 㸯㸬ᑵᴗពḧࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᑓ㛛ⓗ࡞⫋ᴗࡘ࠸࡚࠸ࡿពḧࡀ㧗ࡲࡿ㸦㛗ࡃാࡇ࠺ ࡍࡿ㸧୍᪉࡛ࠊྠࡌᴗ࡛ 20 ᖺ௨ୖࡵ࡚࠸ࡿேࡸᴗ࡛ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿேᑵ ᴗពḧࡣపࡃ࡞ࡿࡇࡀศࡗࡓࠋᣢᐙࠊఫᏯ࣮ࣟࣥࠊ㡸㈓㔠ࡢຠᯝࡶྜࢃࡏ࡚⪃ ࠼ࡿࠊᖺ㔠ࢆྵࡵࡓ⪁ᚋࡢ⏕ά㈝☜ಖࡢᐜ᫆ࡉࡀᑵᴗពḧᙳ㡪ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 㸰㸬ᑵᴗពḧࡣᐇ㝿ࡢᑵᴗ⥅⥆ࡶᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼ࠊࡑࡢຠᯝࡣࠕࢆࡋࡓࡃ࡞࠸ࠖࠕྍ ⬟࡞㝈ࡾࢆࡋࡓ࠸ࠖࡢ㛫࡛ᑵᴗ⥅⥆⋡ 2 ಸࡃࡽ࠸ࡢࡁ࠸ຠᯝࡀ࠶ࡿ࠸࠼ ࡿࠋࡲࡓࡇࡢຠᯝࡣࠊ㐣ཤࡢᑵᴗ≧ἣࡸᣢᐙࠊఫᏯ࣮ࣟࣥࠊ㡸㈓㔠࡞ࢆࢥࣥࢺࣟ ࣮ࣝࡋ࡚ࡶ࠸࠼ࡿࠋ 㸱㸬ᣢᐙࠊఫᏯ࣮ࣟࣥࠊ㡸㈓㔠࡞ࡣᑵᴗពḧᙳ㡪ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ㓄അ⪅ࡢᑵᴗࡶᑵ ᴗ⥅⥆ࣉࣛࢫ࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ㓄അ⪅ࡀᑵᴗࡋ࡚࠸ࡿேᮏேࡶࡼࡾ㛗ࡃാࡃഴ ྥࡀ࠶ࡾࠊ⏕ά㈝☜ಖࡀᅔ㞴࡞≧ἣ࡛ඹാࡁࢆࡏࡊࡿࢆ࠼࡞࠸≧ἣ㝗ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ ゝ࠼ࡿࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺ᑵᴗពḧࡸᐇ㝿ࡢᑵᴗ⥅⥆ࡣ㈨⏘㠃ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊᮏேࡢാࡁࡓࡸ⫋ᴗࡢ ᑓ㛛ᛶࡶᙳ㡪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿゝ࠼ࡿࠋ ♫ಖ㞀㈈ᨻࡀཝࡋࡃ࡞ࡿ୰࡛ࠊྠࡌᴗ࡛ാ࠸ࡓࡾࠊᴗ࡛ാࡃࡇࡼࡿᴗᖺ 㔠ࡀ୍ࡘࡢㄽⅬ࡞ࡾ࠺ࡿࡀࠊᴗᖺ㔠ࢆୗࡆࡿ࠸ࡗࡓᨻ⟇ࡣᚑᴗဨࡢࣔࢳ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥ ࢆୗࡆࡿ㈇ࡢഃ㠃ࡶ࠶ࡾᚲࡎࡋࡶⰋ࠸ࡣゝ࠼࡞࠸ࠋࡓࡔࠊබⓗᖺ㔠ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᅾ⫋⪁㱋 ᖺ㔠ࡢࡼ࠺ປാ౪⤥ࡢࢹࢫࣥࢭࣥࢸࣈࢆ࠼ࡿไᗘࡢぢ┤ࡋࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ⤯ᑐ㢠ࢆ ┦ᑐⓗୖࡆ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡞࣐ࢡࣟ⤒῭ࢫࣛࢻࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᨻ⟇ࡣປാ౪⤥ಁ㐍ᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼ࡿ ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࡀࠊࡑࡢࡢᝏᙳ㡪ࡶ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚ៅ㔜㆟ㄽࡋ࡞࠸࠸ࡅ࡞࠸࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ᮏ◊✲ࡽ♧၀ࡉࢀࡿࡇࡣࠊᑵᴗ⋡ࢆୖࡆࡿࡓࡵࡣ⌧ᙺୡ௦ࡽᑓ㛛⫋ࡲ࡛ࡣゝ ࢃ࡞࠸ࡲ࡛ࡶࠊࡼࡾᑓ㛛ᛶࢆព㆑ࡍࡿࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇࡀ୍ࡘࡢ࣏ࣥࢺ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋᑓ 㛛⫋࡛࠶ࡿேࡣᑵᴗពḧࡀ㧗࠸ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊᑵᴗពḧࢆࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝࡋ࡚ࡶ࡞࠾ᑓ㛛⫋ ࠸࠺ࡇࡀ⥅⥆ᑵᴗࡶࣉࣛࢫࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊᑵᴗពḧࢆ㧗ࡵᐇ㝿ᑵᴗ⥅⥆ ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ୍ࡘࡢ࣏ࣥࢺࡀࡢᑓ㛛ᛶࡀ㔜せࡔᙉㄪࡋ࡚ࡶ࠾ࡋࡃࡣ࡞࠸࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ᪥ᮏࡢே⟇ࡋ࡚ࠊᴗࡀ㓄⨨㌿ࡸேᮦ⫱ᡂᑐࡋ࡚㈐௵ࢆ㈇ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ ࡓࡵࠊᚑᴗဨࡀᑓ㛛ᛶࡸᚋࡢ࢟ࣕࣜࡘ࠸࡚ࡋࡗࡾ⪃࠼ࡿࡇࡣ࠶ࡲࡾ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ ࡞࠸࠸࠼ࡿࠋ㛗࠸ே⏕ࢆぢᤣ࠼࡚ᑓ㛛ᛶࢆព㆑࣭⫱ᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡃே⟇ࠊᅜࡢࢧ࣏࣮ࢺ ࡀᑵᴗ⋡ྥୖࡢࡓࡵࡣồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿゝ࠼ࡿࠋࡲࡓᮏேࡢᑵᴗពḧࢆᐇ⌧ࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵ ࡶᮏேࡢᗣ≧ែࡀㄢ㢟࡞ࡿࡇࡶศࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊ㧗㱋࡞ࡗ࡚ࡶᗣࢆ⥔ᣢ ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺ࠊᕤኵࢆࡍࡿࡇࡶᚲせ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ 17 ࠕ⤒῭ศᯒࠖ➨ 191 ྕ ᮏ✏ࡼࡗ࡚ṧࡉࢀࡓㄢ㢟ࡋ࡚ࠊࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ⏝ྍ⬟ᛶࡢほⅬࡼࡾ࠸ࢃࡺࡿᅋሢୡ௦ࢆ ୰ᚰࡋࡓ≉ᐃࡢࢥ࣮࣮࣍ࢺࡘ࠸࡚㆟ㄽࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡢୡ௦㛵ࡋ࡚ࡶྠᵝࡢࡇ ࡀゝ࠼ࡿࡣᚋࡢ᳨ドࡀᚲせ࡞ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ ࠕ୰㧗ᖺ⪅⦪᩿ㄪᰝࠖ࠾࠸࡚ᮏ✏࡛ᐃ⩏ ࡋࡓᑵᴗពḧࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ➨ 1 ᅇㄪᰝࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊ➨ 6 ᅇㄪᰝࡘ࠸࡚ࡶྠᵝࡢ㉁ၥᩥ࡛ㄪ ᰝࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㛫ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ᑵᴗពḧࡀࡢࡼ࠺ኚࡋᐇ㝿ࡢᑵᴗᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ⯆῝࠸ࡀᮏ✏࡛ࡣྲྀࡾᢅ࠼࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢⅬࡶᚋࡢㄢ㢟ࡋ࡚࠶ࡆ࡚࠾ ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ Ᏻ㒊⏤㉳Ꮚ㸦1998㸧 ࠕ1980㹼1990 ᖺ௦ࡢ⏨ᛶ㧗㱋⪅ࡢປാ౪⤥ᅾ⫋⪁㱋ᖺ㔠ไᗘࠖ ࠗ᪥ᮏ ⤒῭◊✲࠘No. 36, pp.50-82. ᒾᮏᗣᚿ㸦2000㸧 ࠕᅾ⫋⪁㱋ᖺ㔠ไᗘ㧗㱋⪅ࡢᑵᴗ⾜ືࠖ ࠗᏘห♫ಖ㞀◊✲࠘Vol. 35, No.4, pp.364-76. ᾆᕝ㑥ኵ㸦2013㸧ࠕ㧗㱋⪅ࡢᑵᴗពḧᐇ㝿ࡢᑵᴗᙧែࡢ᱁ᕪࠖ ࠗ⤒῭Ꮫ◊✲࠘Vol. 80, No.2-3, pp.53-68. Ύᐙ⠜࣭ᒣ⏣⠜⿱㸦2004㸧 ࠗ㧗㱋⪅ᑵᴗࡢ⤒῭Ꮫ࠘᪥ᮏ⤒῭᪂⪺♫ ᵽཱྀ⨾㞝࣭ᒣᮏ㸦2002㸧 ࠕࢃࡀᅜࡢ⏨ᛶ㧗㱋⪅ࡢປാ౪⤥⾜ືࡢ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࠖ ࠗ㔠⼥◊✲࠘ 2002 ᖺ 10 ᭶ྕࠊpp.31-76. ᵽཱྀ⨾㞝࣭㯮⃝ᫀᏊ࣭㓇ṇ࣭బ⸨୍☻࣭Ṋ▼ᜨ⨾Ꮚ㸦2006㸧 ࠕㆤࡀ㧗㱋⪅ࡢᑵᴗ࣭㏥⫋ Ỵᐃཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪ࠖRIETI Discussion Paper Series, 06-J-033. 㧗ᮌ᭸௦㸦2009㸧 ࠕ㧗ᖺ㱋⪅ࡢᑵᴗᘬ㏥ʊ⮬ᕫ㑅ูࡣ࡞ࡐጞືࡉࢀࡿࡢࠖ ࠗ᪥ᮏປാ◊ ✲㞧ㄅ࠘No.589, pp30-42. ୕㇂┤⣖㸦2001㸧 ࠕ㧗㱋⪅㞠⏝ᨻ⟇ປാ㟂せࠖ⊦ᮌṊᚨ࣭➉ᩥ㞝⦅ࠗ㞠⏝ᨻ⟇ࡢ⤒῭ศ ᯒ࠘➨ 11 ❶ࠊᮾிᏛฟ∧ࠊpp.339-77. Oshio, Takashi, Akiko Oishi, and Satoshi Shimizutani (2011) “Social Security Reforms and Labor Force Participation of the Elderly in Japan,” Japanese Economic Review, Vol. 62, No.2, pp.248-71. Shimizutani, Satoshi and Takashi Oshio (2013) Revisiting the Labor Supply Effect of Social Security Earnings Test: New Evidence from its Elimination and Reinstatement in Japan,” RIETI Discussion Paper Series, 13-E-016. Yamada, Atsuhiro and Masa Higo (2011) “Institutional Barriers to Work beyond Retirement in an Aging Japan: Evidence from a Recent Employee Survey” Comtemporary Japan, vol.23, pp.157-86. 18
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