日本のエコマテリアルの現状

945
ú{à®wï æ 68 ª æ 11 (2004)939_
ú{ÌGR}eAÌ»óÞ1
´ c K ¾1
R c 1
ä
´1
Y ì Ç F2,Þ2
1¨¿EÞ¿¤@\
2@åwHw
J. Japan Inst. Metals, Vol. 68, No. 11 (2004), pp. 939_945
Ý 2004 The Japan Institute of Metals
Analysis of the Current Status of Ecomaterials in Japan
2
Kohmei Halada1, Katsutoshi Yamada1, Kiyoshi Ijima1 and Yoshihiko Soeno2,Þ
1Ecomaterials
2College
Center, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305_
0047
of Engineering, Hosei University, Koganei 184_8584
Ecomaterials were categorized based on their life cycle and eco_efficiency. Ecomaterials in their broadest sense are classified
into ``Functional materials of the environment'', ``Materials for the advanced energy'' and ``Materials of life cycle design''. The
materials in the first two categories improve such services as the maintenance of living environment and the efficiency in energy
supply. ``Materials of life cycle design'' can be referred to as ecomaterials in the strict sense and are further devided into four cate
gories according to the focus on stage in life_
cycle, namely, ``Materials with green environmental profile'', ``Materials of higher
material efficiency'', ``Materials of higher recyclability'' and ``Materials of hazardous substance free''. Based upon this classifica
tion, current Website home pages and environmental report books of enterprises were investigated in search of commercialized
ecomaterials. There are many ``Materials of higher material efficiency'' and ``Materials of hazardous substance free'' reaching the
high 39÷ and 31÷ of the total respectively. ``Materials with green environmental profile'' gains 21÷, and ``Materials of higher
recyclability'' shows only 5÷. The ``Materials of life_cycle design'' are obviously well represented in the market reflecting
manufacturers' determined response to the increasing appeal to consumers.
(Received July 16, 2004; Accepted September 24, 2004)
Keywords: ecomaterials, life_cycle analysis, eco_efficiency, recyclable, home_
pages
ÂÞ¿ÅÍÈCÞµëSÄÌÞ¿ªCWµÄGR}e
1.
Í ¶
ß É
AÉÈÁÄs×«Å éCÆ¢¤Oð¦µÄ¢éD
±êÜÅÉC5 ñÌGR}eAÉÖ·éÛïcªJ
GR}eAÍCnÂ«âèÖÌðÉv£·éÞ¿
Ã³ê½DGR}eAÍCp±IÉÀÛIÈüPEüÇ
Å éD21 ¢IÍCuÂ«Ì¢IvÆÄÎêÄ¨èCY_K
ðs¢ÈªçCíÉWµ±¯Ä¨èCÜ½CíÉWµÄ
Xí¸Ì½ßÌscèÌiâ 2002 N 9 ÌnlX
ÀÛIÉLpÅ éæ¤ÉüPEüÇ³êÈ¯êÎÈçÈ
uOÂ«T~bgÈÇCÂ«Æ²aµ½±Â\ÈÐïÉ
¢D´cÆR{2)ÍCGR}eAÉÖ·ér[ðs
ü¯½íXÌæègÝªißçêÄ¢éD
¢CCtTCNfUC^ÌGR}eAÆµÄCd
Þ¿ÖWÌ¤ÒâZpÒÍC±Â\ÈÐïÉü¯ÄC
vÈ 4 íðwEµ½D·Èí¿CuLQ¨¿t[Þ¿vC
GR}eAðW³¹éÆ¢¤dvÈððSÁÄ¢
uáÂ«×ðÞ¿vCuTCN«Þ¿vCu¹¶
éDGR}eAÆ¢¤TOÍC1992 NÉJÃ³ê½
Y«Þ¿vÅ éD
IT~bgÉæ§¿C»ÌONÉñÄ³ê½DnÂ«âè
ðð·é½ßÌÞ¿ÆµÄè`³ê½D
»±ÅÍCGR}eAÌWÌûüÆµÄCÌ 3
³çÉCL`ÌGR}eAÆµÄCuÂ«ÛSÉLø
È@\Î^Þ¿vC¨æÑuGlM[VXeÉp¢ç
êéVXevf^Þ¿vð¦µ½D
ÂªÅ¿o³ê½1)D
P
ò
{ñÅÍC±êçÌªÞÉîÃ«CCtTCNSÌÅ
teBA«FÞ¿Ì«\ðLÎµÄlÔÌ®ð
L°éûü
Q
ò
Â « ² a «FÂ«ÖÌz¶
R
ò
A j e C «FlÖÌDµ³
ÌGRø¦ÉÂ¢Ä_¸éD³çÉCéÆÌ Web_site z[
y[W©ç²¸µ½ÊÉîÃ«ú{ÌéÆÌGR}e
AÌÀÛÌWóµðC²¸CðÍµ½D
±Ìæ¤ÉCGR}eAÍC½©ÁèÌÚIâÁ¥ð
2.
Þ1 Mater. Trans. 44, 7(2003) 1237_1243 ÉfÚ
(Graduate Stu
Þ2 @åwåw@¶C»ÝFçãc»HÝò
dent, Hosei University, Present address: Chiyoda Corp.)
Â«âèðTÏ·éDÞ¿ÉÖA·éÂ«âèÆµÄÍCd
Â« ÎÞ¿
GR}eAÉÖµÄ_¸éOÉCÜ¸Þ¿ÉÖA·é
940
æ
ú { à ® w ï (2004)
68
ª
vÈñ_ªwE³êÈ¯êÎÈçÈ¢Dæê_ÍCuMKg
âèvÅ éD·Èí¿CÞ¿ªÉßÄåÊÉgp³êÄ
¢éC_Å éDá¦ÎCú{SÌÅÍCNñ 2.0 Gt
(20 g)ð´¦é¹ªÁï³êÄ¨èC±êÍCêl
½èCÔñ 2 gÉµÄ¢éDR¿CHÆâð
¢ÄàCNñ 1.6 Gt(16 t)Ì¨¿ª·¢ú{ÉÐµß
¢Ä¢é±ÆÉÈéD
³çÉÁ¦ÄCAüfÞÌwãÉÍCBê½¨¿t[Ê
ªAü³êÄ¢éÌÅ éDWorld Resource Institute Ì
Û¤¯²¸ÅÍCÙÚ¯ÊÌBê½¨¿t[ªú{àÉ
à¶ÝµÄ¢éDµ©µ±êçÌ²¸¸xÍ]èÈ¢½
ßC¨»ç±êçÍáßÌ©ÏàèÅ ë¤D´c4)ÍC
2001 NÌà®ÌzÎªÌÖ^¨¿Ê(TMR: Total Materi
als Requirement)ÌTZðsÁ½Dêáð°êÎS|ÌÁ
ïÉæÁÄCS¢EÅNC3 Gt(30 g)Ì ore_TMR
(zÎªÌÖ^¨¿Ê)ªÚ®µÄ¢éD
Fig. 1
Groups of materials for the environment.
àªC½Á½ 3 kt Ì¶YÉàÖíç¸CÅåÌ ore_TMR
ðÚ®³¹Ä¢éDêÊÉCA^ÆMà®ªCå«È
ore_TMR Ìt[ðÁÄ¢éD±êçÍCG}âfoC
ðÊ½µÄ¢éDá¦Î©®ÔrKX©ç CxHy â NOx ð
XpÞ¿ÆµÄCYÆÌlXÈªìÅgp³êÄ¨èC±ê
·éG}C¾zdrfqCrMÌLøpÌ½ßÌMd
çÌTCNÍ¹âèÌÏ_©çCñíÉdvÈÛèÅ
fqÈÇCíXÌ^CvÌÞ¿ª éD
éDpWE 1 kg ÌTCNÍC2000 t ÌVR¹
ÌÁïðí¸·é±ÆÉÈéD
¨¿EÞ¿ÌÂ«âèÉÖ·éæñ_ÍCusROâ
±êçÌÞ¿ÍCu@\Î^v¨æÑuVXevf^v
Ì 2 ÂÌ^CvÉªÞ5)³êéD20 ¢IÌÅãÌ 10 NÔ
ÉCuäè©²©çæêÜÅvÆ¢¤Þ¿ÌS¶UÉ¨¢Ä
èvÅ éD·Èí¿C¾¢·¦êÎíXÌLÅ¨¿âèÅ
M³êéÂ«ÎÇðs¤CÆ¢¤Vµ¢Â«ÇTO
éDlÞÍCXÆVµ¢¨¿ðìèoµC»Ì¶YÊð
ªWµ½D±¤µÄCÞ¿ZpÍ»ÌS¶UÉ¨¢ÄÂ«
Á³¹Ä¢éDÂ«âlÌÉLQÅC»ÌÅ«ð§äÅ«
ÎðÊ½·CtTCNfUC^Þ¿Æ¢¤Vµ¢Ì
È¢áª¢Âàñ³êÄ¢éD³çÉCIT ZpÌW
æÉÅ_ªí³ê½D·`ÌGR}eAÆ¢¤CÂ«
Éº¢CÍñ¾ÌÌæ¤ÉgUªiñÅ§ä·é±Æª
É z ¶ µ ( environmentally conscious jC K µ ½ ( and be
¢ïÈêà éD
nign)Þ¿Ìè`ª±êÅ éDÂ«ÎÞ¿ÌðÍCG
©®Ôp|ÂÖÌN~EßÁ«ÍCÊíÅÍÀSÅ éªCVb_[HöÌãÉÍí¸©ÅÍ éªCÅ¨
hEIuEpCv^ÌæègÝ©çCCtTCNz¶
^ÌæègÝÉÏ»µÄ¢éD
(Z¿N)ª¶¬³êéÂ\«ª éD±Ìæ¤ÉCÞ¿
±êçÌuCtTCNfUC^Þ¿vÍC´cÆ
ÌgpÉÛµÄÌÅ«Ì»fÍC¼ÚIÈÅ«©çCgpã
R{2) Éæè»ÌÁ¥ÉîÃ«CuLQ¨¿t[vCuáÂ
ÌÏ»ÌÂ\«âCs®SÈTCNvZXÈÇÉæé
«×ðvCuTCN«vCu¹¶Y«vÉªÞ³
ë¯«ÜÅl¶µ½µµ¢àÌÆÈÁÄ«Ä¢éD»Ý¢E
ê½D±êçÌÖAðCFig. 1 É¦µ½D
ÉLgp³êÄ¢é¼±ÌfoCXÌpüâTCN
ðl¶·êÎC»êçÌÝvÆgp·éÞ¿ÉÂ¢Äµµ¢
3.
GR}eAÆÂ«ø¦
¢ª}ÉKvÅ éD
±êçÌÛèÉÖµÄCÞ¿ZpÍ±êÜÅàíXÌ
¢Æv£ðÊ½µÄ«½D
uGR}eAvÌTOÈOÉàÂ«×ðá¸·é½
ßÌíXÌÞ¿ªJ³êÄ«½D±êÜÅCÂ«×ðá
±±ÅCCtTCNÆÂ«ø¦ÉÂ¢Äl@·éDÂ
Efficiency)ÍC®Å\³êéD·Èí¿C
«ø¦(EE: Eco_
Â«ø¦(EE)
i¾çêéT[rXE@\)/(CtTCNÂ«×)
(1)
¸µCÂ«âèðÉð§ÂÞ¿ÍCÂ«ÎÞ¿ÆÄÎê
Ä¢éDÂ«ÎÞ¿ÉÖµÄÍC´c¨æÑR{2)ÉæÁ
Å éD±±ÅCCtTCNÂ«×ÍC»Ì»iÌ
ÄC»ÌÁ¥ÉîÃ«Cu@\Î^vCuVXevf^vC
CtTCNSÌðÊµ½ÝÏÂ«×Å éDFig. 2 ÉÝ
uCtTCNfUC^vÉªÞ³ê½D
ÏÂ«×ÌTOð¦·D»¢ÌÂ«× BPCgpÌ
u@\Î^Þ¿vÍCÂ«ÛSÉ¼ÚøCª¯IÉ
Â«× BUCGhEIuECtÅÌpü¨Éæ
ÅÉJ³ê½Þ¿Å éD1970 NãÈOÉÍµÎµ
éÂ«× BE CTCNÉæé×ÌT(_BR )Éæ
ÎCÞ¿ZpÍCLQ¨¿ðÜÞåÊÌfÞÌæèµ¢Éº
èCCtTCNÌÂ«× BL ÍC®Å\³êéD
¢C[ÈÂ«õÉ¼ÊµÄ¢½D±êçÌÂ«õÎ
âO[GlM[JÌ½ßÉCÞ¿ÍÉßÄdvÈð
BLBP{BU{BE|BR
(2)
±±ÅCgpÌÂ«× BU ÍCgpÌGlM[
11
æ

ú{ÌGR}eAÌ»ó
941
üÌ¬ê f ÉîÃ«è³êéªCBP, BE, BR ÍCY»i
vX`bNÍCÍ«Ì¹Å ézÎâ»ÎR¿ð³Æ
ÌÞ¿ÌíÞÆÊÉË¶·éàÌÅ éD
µ½Þ¿ÉärµÄCÂ«×Ìá¢GR}eAÅ ]ÁÄCFig. 3 É¦·æ¤ÉC±êçÌÂ«× BU, BP,
éD©REÅeÕÉÄ¶³êéyðx[XÉµ½\CZ
BE, BR ÍC»ê¼ê SfEbU, SmEbP, SmEbE, SmEbR Å^¦ç
~bNÍCYÆfÞÖÌÄ¶¹pÖÌVµ¢æègÝÅ
êéD±±ÅCb ÍPÊÞ¿Ê ½èÌ×ðÓ¡µÄ¢
éD±êçÍC®( 1 )Ì(¾çêéT[rXE@\)ðü
éD±Ìæ¤ÉµÄCCtTCNfUC^GR}e
ã³¹ClÆÂ«ÉDµ¢Ðïð`¬·é½ßÉñíÉLp
AÍCÇÌÂ«×Úðá¸µ½©ÅÁ¥t¯³êéD
Å ë¤DYÆÅÌ¶¨âpü¨ð´¿Æµ½Þ¿àÂ«
±ÌCtTCNfUC^ÉÁ¦ÄC@\Î^ÆVX
×ðá¸·éD±êçÍCnÂ«©çÌ¹Áïðá
evf^ÌGRø¦ÉÂ¢Äà¢ðsÁ½D±êçÌÞ
¸µCÜ½nÂ«Éß·¨¿àá¸·éD
¿ÍCÂ«ÛSâGlM[óµüPÉÖA·éT[rXð
üP·éàÌÅCFig. 4 ÉÜÆßÄTOð¦µ½D
3.1
T^IÈáÆµÄCssÌDâÄpD©ç»¢³êéG
RZgª éD±êÍCZg´¿ÆµÄÌÎDÎð
í¸Å«CÄpDÌ§Êðí¸Å«éDVµ¢vZXJ
áÂ«×ðÞ¿
ÉæÁÄÂ«×ðá¸µ½áÍCTULC ÊÆÄÎêé
áÂ«×ð(Green Environmental Profile)Þ¿ÍC
|}[í¢X`[ÊÅ éDûÌgpð³µ½h
¹Ì@©çfÞ»¢ÜÅÌ»¢iKÅÌÂ«×Ì¬³¢Þ
CÈ»¢vZXÉæÁÄÌõðh~µC»¢Gl
¿Å éDÄ¶ÍÉDêé¹ðgpµ½Ø¿Þ¿âoCI
M[ðí¸µÄ¢éD
3.2
LQ¨¿t[Þ¿
Fig. 3 Ì¨¿Ì¬ê m ÉÖ·éGR}eAÍCÞ¿
ÌGhEIuECtÅÌÉKvÈGlM[×ð
á¸·é½ßÉCRÉLQ¨¿t[ÅÈ¯êÎÈçÈ
¢DLQ¨¿t[Í»ið»¢·éÛÌÞ¿IðÅCæê
DæÅÈ¯êÎÈçÈ¢D
t[Íñ¾Ct[õí|âàCNt[\
Ê|C³QÈïRÞÉæévX`bNÈÇÍC±Ì^
CvÌæègÝÉæÁÄWµÄ¢éT^IÈáÅ éD
t[Íñ¾ÉÖµÄÍCÄCú{Æ EU Å[h
}bvì¬Ì½ßÌvWFNgª¬³êCíXÌ^Cv
Ìt[Íñ¾ªsêÉñ³êÄ¢éDM[â@B
Fig. 2 Accumulation of the environmental burden during the
life of material.
Fig. 3
iàC¸§ÈØíÁHðs¤½ßÉØíÌÞÆµÄ
ðÜñÅ¢éªCt[@B\¢p|àJ³êCÉã
Simplified relation of the life_time environmental burden.
942
ú { à ® w ï (2004)
íéãÖ¨¿ÌgpâJjYÌÏXªÈ³êÄ¢éDd
æ
68
ª
eÕÆ·é½ßÌCá¦Î`óL¯Þ¿ðp¢½uÕªð«v
CßÁ«|Â\ÊÌN[gwÍCÉßÄDê½ÏH
ð_¢Æµ½Þ¿ÈÇÌAv[`àLè¾éªC¢¾»i
«ðLµÄ¢éªC©®ÔÈÇÌVb_[HöâÄp
ZpÆµÄÌJrãÉ éD
ÉÉí¸©ÅÍ éªC_»NÌêªZ¿NÉ
Ï»·éë¯«ðLµÄ¢é±ÆªmçêC±ÌÎôÆµ
3.4
¹¶Y«Þ¿
ÄCS|[J[ÍCCr t[ÌvR[gdCßÁ
¹¶Y«Þ¿ÍC®( 2 )Ì BU ðá¸·éÞ¿Å «|ÂðJµ½DÜ½CÏM«vX`bNÍCL@n
éDÂ«× BU ÍC»Ì¼ÌÂ«×ÆµÙÈéÓ¡ª
QnïRÜðÜÞàÌÅ Á½ªCnQnÉãíÁ
éDBU ÍC»iÌgpiKÅÌGlM[âR¿Áï f
ÄCVRx[XÌïRÜªJ³êÄ¢éD
Æ¢ÖAðL·é½ßC±ÌÂ«×ÚÌá¸ÍC»i
3.3
TCN«Þ¿
Ì@BI é¢ÍMIÝvÉ§ÚÉÖAµÄ¢éD±êÍ¾
¢·¦êÎC¹¶Y«Þ¿ÆÍCÂ«Év£·éÝvð
TCN«ÍCYÆpÞ¿ÌªìÅCà¤êÂdvÈ
è¯·éÞ¿Å éDf ðGlM[âR¿ÌüÊCbU
L[[hÅ éDTCN«ÍCGhEIuEC
ð P Ê G l M [ Á ï ½ è Ì Â « × Æ µ Ä C BU Í
tÅÌÌÂ«×ðá¸µCVµ¢Þ¿Ì¶YiKÌ
SfEbU Å»³êé©çCBU Ìí¸ÍCÌñÂÌû@ÅB
×ðá¸·éDñûVXe¨æÑTCNÌvZXZ
¬³êéD·Èí¿CPÊT[rX½èÌ bU ðº°éû
pªCTCNÉÖ·éÅåÌâè_Å éÆ¾¦éD
@ÆC
i f/service)ðº°éû@Å éD
ßNCTCN«ðßéæ¤É»iðfUC·éÂ
Ú®¨¿ÌyÊ»ÍCi f/service)ðº°éT^IÈáÅ
«ÝvÖÌæègÝªdv³êÄ¢éD±ÌâèÍCÞ¿
éDZîÌfMàCõKÈZð¾ÈªçGlM[ü
©ÌÌÝvÉà¯lÈóµÅ éD·Èí¿CÙÆñÇSÄ
f ðá¸·éàÌÅ éDPÊT[rX½èÌ bU ðº°
ÌÞ¿ÍC\ÊâCà³fÌ¶ÝChâÚÈÇC
éÞ¿ÆµÄÍCp[gCVXeÌüPÉv£·é
½ç©Ì}NIÈ¡Þ¿Å é©çÅ éD±Ìæ¤È
Þ¿âúÒÌå«¢R¿drÌæ¤ÈVµ¢ÃIÈGl
æÅCTCNeÕÝvÍCÞ¿ZpªìÅàÉßÄd
M[VXeðÀ»·éÞ¿Å éD
vÅ éD`IÈàÝvè@ÍC½íÞÌYÁ³fðÁ
¦Äi¿ðüP·éàÌÅ éD±êçÌYÁ³fÍTC
NÌáQÉÈèÕ¢D±Ì½ßCTCN«üPÌ½ß
ÌVµ¢æègÝÍCYÁ³fÉ½æç¸C÷×gD§äð
4.
ú{YÆEÌGR}eA
4.1
²¸û@
s¤±ÆÅi¿üPðs¤àÌÅ éD¡Þ¿ÍC\¬Þ
]Æõ 5000 lÈãÌú{éÆÉÂ¢ÄCC^[lbg
¿ðª£µÈ¯êÎÈç¸CêÊIÉTCNª¢ïÅ Å Web_site ð²¸·éû@Éæèú{éÆÌGR}eA
èC±ÌüPªS¯êÌ»wg¬ÅCÙÈéÞ¿ðL·é
Ì»ó²¸ðsÁ½DeYÆªìÉÂ¢ÄC]ÆõÌ½
¡Þ¿Ì»¢âTCNãâèÌÈ¢»wg¬ðÁ½
¢éÆ©ç²¸ðißCeéÆÌz[y[W¨æÑÂ
XÎ@\Þ¿Ì»¢ªÝçêÄ¢éDÈ¨CTCNð
«ñ©çCGR}eAðIÑoµC6 ÂÌÂ«Je
Fig. 4 Relation of the keywords of ecomaterials and the environmental burden in each life stage. ``'' means the reduction of en
vironmental burden in the life stage, and ``'' means the improvement of the deduction of the recycling and increase of the service.
11
æ

ú{ÌGR}eAÌ»ó
S[ÉªÞµ½Dz[y[WÍC2001 NÉAbv[
943
S|YÆ
hµ½àeÅ èCÂ«ñÍC2001 NÅÉîÃ¢Ä¢
Pb t[Þ¿CN[gt[Þ¿Cft[v
éD±±ÅÍãs³êÄ¢éGR}eAðÎÛÆµÄC
X`bNnÈÇÌ 13 íÌLQ¨¿t[Þ¿ªC7 ÐÌé
JÅsêÉoÄ¢È¢àÌÍ¢½D
ÆÉæÁÄ¶Y³êÄ¢éDÜ½C¹¶Y«Þ¿âáÂ
{ñÅÍC±êÜÅÉ²¸ðI¹µ½ 70 ÐÉÂ¢ÄÔ
«×ðÞ¿à½ÌéÆÌ¤JÉæÁÄ¶Ýo³ê
IÈæèÜÆßðs¢C16 ÌYÆªìÉæª¯µÄ¢µ
Ä¢éDTCN«Þ¿ÉÖµÄÍC7 ÐÌÅ½Á½
½DAµCSn 2 ÐÆ»n 1 Ð¨æÑòin 2 ÐÍC
1 ÐªCXeX»Ì@Bð¦µÄ¢é¾¯Å èCS|
²¸éÆªÈ¢½ßCÆè ¦¸ 1 O[vÉÜÆß
éÆªS|Þ¿»ê©ÌðTCN«ªDêÄ¢éÆF¯
½DeYÆªìÉÂ¢ÄC¨Ì¨ÌÌÂ«JeS[ÉG
µÄÁÊÌz¶ðµÄ¢È¢±Æð½fµÄ¢éD
R}eAÌð»ÌYÆªìÌéÆÅèCêÐ ñSà®YÆ
½èÌ½ÏGR}eAðß½D
4.2
åÉCmnQÞ¿CPb t[Þ¿¨æÑft
[Þ¿Ì 3 íÌLQ¨¿t[Þ¿ª±ÌÆEÅ¶Y³
²¸ÊÆ¢
êÄ¢éD
²¸µ½ 70 ÐÌéÆÌ¤¿C42 Ðªp¶Â«ñ6_47)
ðö\µÄ¨èCÞ¿ÉÖ·éLqª©çê½D10 ÐÍC
»wYÆ
½Ì@\Î^Þ¿ªC±ÌÆE©çsêÉo³êÄ¨
a¶ÌÂ«ñ48_57) ¾¯ªö\³êÄ¢½ªCGR}e
èC¼ÚÂ«ÛìÉð§ÁÄ¢éD±êçÌT^IÈáÍC
AÉÖµÄLqª©çê½DÜ½ÊÌ 10 ÐÍCÂ«ñ
âóCÌò»Éð§ÂtB^[Þ¿âG}Þ¿Czp
(a¶)ÉGR}eAÌLqªÈCeéÆÌz[
«Yfâ¿ò»Ì½ßÌóÈÇÅ éDÈGl
y[Wð²¸µÄCGR}eAð²¸µ½DcèÌéÆ
M[ÉLpÈÞ¿à¯lÉ½©çêéD
É¨¢ÄÍCÂ«ñªì¬³êÄ¢È¢½ßC»ÌéÆ
ICCRs[^iÆE
±ÌÆEÅÍCLQ¨¿t[^Þ¿ÉÅàÍðüêÄ¢
Ìz[y[W©ç²¸ðsÁ½D
±êçÌ²¸Êð Fig. 5 É ¦·DfÞYÆÌ 5 ªì
éDTCN«Þ¿¨æÑáÂ«×ðÞ¿ÍCåÉ
ÍCêéÆ ½èÌGR}eA(½Ï)ÅãÊÌ 10 Ô
»iÌAp(«ïpÈÇ)Ép¢çêÄ¢éD¹¶Y«
ÈàÉÜÜêÄ¢éD±êçÌfÞYÆÆÍCS|CñSà
Þ¿ÍCÜ¾dvÈ»iÉåvÈÞÆµÄÁL³êé×«
®C»wCIC ÆRs[^C¨æÑZgÆEÅ iKÉÍÁÄ¢È¢æ¤Å éD
éDfÞYÆÍCGR}eAð_¸éãÅñíÉdvÅ
ZgÆE
éDfÞYÆÌGR}eAÌÁ¥ÍCfÞÌíÞÉæ
ÁÄè³êC»ÌÁ¥ÍÈºÌæ¤ÈàÌÅ éD
íXÌi¿Å·õ½Ì¹¶Y«^ZgªJ³
êÄ¢éDFZgÌæ¤Èpü¨Äp^ÌGR}e
Aà¢Â©ãs³êÄ¢éDµ©µC»Ì¼Ì^ÌG
Fig. 5
Number of ecomaterials reported from each companies.
944
ú { à ® w ï (2004)
R}eAÍFßçêÈ¢D
æ
68
ª
mêÈ¢Dµ©µ»ÌêûÅC
u@\Î^Þ¿vªCWeb_
site z[y[WÉ(éÆÌ)é`Þ¿ÆµÄêèÌðè
dCEdqÆEC¸§@BÆE
p\Râv^[ÈÇÌêÉFßçêéæ¤ÉC±
ßÄ¢éÀàÚ·×«_Å éD
ÌÆEÅÍCLQ¨¿t[^»iÉÅåÌÍ_ª¨©êÄ
±êÍCÂ«âèªàÍâÁèÌvgâuÉÀè³
¢éDÜ½C»i«\üãðÚIÆµÄC¹¶Y«Þ¿
êéàÌÅÍÈCÁïÒªúíIÉgp·é»iÉ§ÚÉ
à½J³êÄ¢éDú{ÌuÆdTCN@vÉÎ
ÑÂ¢Ä¢é±ÆðÓ¡·éàÌÆl¦ÄÇ¢DÜ½Cú
·é½ßÉÍCÞÌgÝí¹ÆÚû@ðüP·éûü
ÒÉ½µÄuTCN«Þ¿vªÈ¢±ÆÍC»ÝÌ
ÅÌÝvÌÏXÉÍ_ª¨©êÄ¢éæ¤É©ó¯çêéD
¨¿zÂ`Ôª®SÉÏ»·éßöÉ ÁÄCÝvÉ¨¯é
±Ì½ß©CTCN«^GR}eAª©ÈèÈ
Þ¿ÌIðû@»ê©ÌªÏ»Ìßö(Ü³ÉÏ»)Å é
¢D
±ÆðÓ¡µÄ¢éÌ©àmêÈ¢D
Fig. 7 ÉC©®ÔCÆd¨æÑz¨ÉÖ·éGR}e
ÝÆE
z\¢¨Ì·õ½»ð}é½ßÌ¹¶Y«Þ¿ª½
AÌKpóÔð¦·D©®ÔÉÖµÄÍCRïüãÉÖA
©çêéDáÂ«×ðÞ¿ÍCÃÈÁ½ègp³ê
·é¹¶Y«Þ¿ªC¼ªÈãðèßÄ¢éDêûCÆ
ÈÈÁ½z¨ÈÇÌÝpÞÌÄpð£i·éÓ¡Å
d»iÅÍCLQ¨¿t[Þ¿ªCÙÚ¼ªÅ éD±ê
gp³êÄ¢éDµ©µC±ÌÝpÞâèÍ¢¾âè_ª
ÍCÁïÒÉæéÆd»iÌpüÌâèÉÎµÄ¢éÆ
½C¡ãêwÌ¤JªKvÅC}Èðª]ÜêéD
©çêéDz¨ÉÖµÄÍCi©®ÔÆ¯lÉ)¹¶Y
»Ì¼
«Þ¿ª©çêC»ÌàeÍCfMââ[ÈÇÌMI§äÉ
SC»C»òÆEÌGR}eAÌp^[ÍCf
¨¯éGlM[Áïðá¸·é½ßÌàÌÅ éDÜ½
Þ»¢[J[Ìp^[ÆÞµÄ¢éDZîC©®ÔC
uáÂ«×ðÞ¿vª±ÌªìÅñ 30÷Æå«¢±Æ
@B»¢éÆÈÇÅÍCGR}eAÍ Üè½ÈC
ÍC±ÌªìÅÌÞ¿gpÊªå«¢±Æð¦µÄ¢éD
±êçÌéÆÌnÂ«âèÖÌe¿Ìå«³ðl¦éÆC
êwÌ¤JªKvÅ éD
ÆEÖWÌÜÆß
Fig. 6 ÉÆESÌÌGR}eAðÜÆßÄ¦·DuL
Q¨t[Þ¿vÆu¹¶Y«Þ¿vª»ê¼êñ
30÷ðèßC½Å éDÉCuáÂ«×ðÞ¿vª
ñ 20÷ éDuTCN«Þ¿vÍCñ 10÷Å éD
±êÍC±ê©çú{ªTCN^ÐïÉÚsµÄs±¤
ÆµÄ¢éî¨ðl¶·êÎCúÒÉ½µ½á³Å éD
u@\Î^Þ¿vÆuVXevf^Þ¿vÍC©Èè
á¢xÅ éD±êçÌÞ¿ÉÖµÄÍC½í½lÈv
gâYÆvZXÌÞÆµÄgÝÜêÄ¢é½Ì
Þð Web_site z[y[WÉöJ·é±Æª¢ïÅ é
±Æðl¶·éÆC{²¸û@ÉÍC²¸ÌÀEª é©à
Fig. 7
Fig. 6 Share of each type of ecomaterials published in en
vironmental reports and homepages in Japanese Companies.
Comparison of the share of ecomaterials among several application.
æ
11

ú{ÌGR}eAÌ»ó
±Ìæ¤ÉCGR}eAÌÁ¥ÍC»ÌÎÛÆ·éÆ
EÉæÁÄ©ÈèÙÈélð¦·DIÉ©éÆCu
CtTCNfUC^vCu@\Î^v¨æÑuVXe
vf^vÌåªÞÅ®µÄCuCtTCNfUC^
Þ¿vªSÌÌ 96÷ðèßÄ¢éD±êÍCu@\Î^v
¨æÑuVXevf^vÌÞ¿ªJ³êÄ¢È¢CÆ¢
¤Ó¡ÅÍ³¢D»¤ÅÍÈCz[y[W²¸©çC
u@\Î^v¨æÑuVXevf^vÌÞ¿ð®µÄ
ø«o·±ÆÌ¢ï³ð¦·àÌÅ éD±êçÌÚÍC
êÊÁïÒü¯Æ¢¤æèCÞµë»iÝvÒÉü¯é×«
ZpîñÅ é©çCWeb ÉÍöJ³êÈ¢àÌÅ ë¤D
êûCuCtTCNfUC^Þ¿vÍCÂ«âèÎ
Þ¿ÆµÄCêÊÁïÒÉµÁ©èÆªðºëµyµ
½CÆ¾¦éDu@\Î^v¨æÑuVXevf^vÌ
Þ¿ÍC«ÍêÊÁïÒÉð³êyµÄCWeb_site
z[y[WÉöJ³êéæ¤ÈóÔÆÈé±Æª]Üê
éDÂ«ò»ÉLpÆúÒ³ê Web ÉöJ³êÄ¢éá
ÍCR¿drÌõ½·ÈÇÅ éDÂ«ÉDµ¢Gl
M[uªiàµÄXÉyµÄs±ÆªCu@\Î
^v¨æÑuVXevf^vÌÞ¿ÌðªCêÊÁïÒ
ÉÆÁÄð³êéæ¤ÉÈéàÌÆúÒ·éD
±êçÍCGRø¦ðl¶µ½ÛÌuT[rXvüãÉð
§ÂO[vÉüéÌÅC«Cu@\Î^v¨æÑuV
Xevf^vÌÞ¿ª»iÌÅêÊÁïÒÉAs[·
éóÔÉÈÁ½ÉÍC±êçÌWÆyªVµ¢iKÉ
Bµ½Æ»fÅ«éÅ ë¤D
5.

_
ú{ÌsêÉ¨¢ÄCGR}eAªÇÌæ¤Égíê
Ä¢é©Cð²¸·éÚIÅCéÆÌ Web_site z[y[
WÆÂ«ñð²¸µCGR}eAðIoµCuC
tTCNvÆuGRø¦vðl¶µÄªÞµ½DuCt
TCNfUC^Þ¿vª©ÈèyµÄC±êÜÅgp
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
14)
15)
16)
17)
18)
19)
20)
21)
22)
23)
24)
25)
26)
27)
28)
29)
30)
31)
32)
33)
34)
35)
36)
37)
38)
39)
40)
41)
42)
ÁÉC
u¹¶Y«Þ¿vÆuLQ¨¿t[Þ¿vªC
43)
44)
45)
46)
47)
¢ä¦ðèßÄ¢éDúÒÉ½µÄCuTCN«Þ
48)
³êÄ«½Þ¿ÉãíÁÄgp³êC»igpÌÂ«×
ðáº³¹Ä¢éD
¿vÍCêÊÁïÒÜÅÌyÍÈ³êÄ¢È¢D»óÅ
ÍCTCN«ÍCÞ¿ZpÅÍÈC»iÝvðÊ¶
49)
ÄB¬µæ¤ÆµÄ¢éæ¤É©ó¯çêéDu@\Î^v
50)
¨æÑuVXevf^vÌÞ¿ÍC¢Ü¾êÊÁïÒÉL
51)
yµ½óÔÅÍÈC«ÌWª]ÜêéD
¶
£
1) K. Halada and R. Yamamoto: Bull. Japan Inst. Metals 31(1992)
505_
511 [in Japanese].
2) K. Halada and R. Yamamoto: MRS Bulletin 26(2001) 871_879.
3) World Resource Institute: Resource Flows, Washington D.C.
(1977).
4) K. Halada, K. Ijima, N. Katagiri and M. Ohkura: J. Japan Inst.
570 [in Japanese].
Metals 65(2001) 564_
26 [in
5) K. Halada: Energy and Resources 23(2002) 21_
52)
53)
54)
55)
56)
57)
945
Japanese].
Nippon Steel: Nippon Steel Environmental report 2001 (2001).
NKK: 2001 Environmental Report (2001).
Kawasaki Steel Corp.: Environmental report 2001 (2001).
Sumitomo Metals: Environmental report 2001 (2001).
Kobe Steel: Environmental Report 2001 (2001).
Nisshin Steel: Environmental report 2000 (2001).
Hitachi Metals, Ltd.: Environmental Report 2001 (2001).
Furukawa Electric: Environmental Report 2001 (2001).
Mitsubishi Materials: 2000 Environmental Report (2001).
Taiheiyo Cement: Environmental Report 2001 (2001).
Mitsubishi Chemical Corp.: Responsible Care Activities Report_
RC Report FY2001 (2001).
Asahi KASEI Co. Ltd.: Responsible Care Report: Environmental
Preservation, Product Safety, Operational Safety and Health 2001
Edition (2001).
Teijin Co., Ltd.: Environment, Safety and Health: 2001 TEIJIN
GROUP Report on the Environment, Safety and Health (Record
for Fiscal 2000) (2001).
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.: 2001 Environmenntal Report
(2001).
Komatsu, Ltd.: KOMATSU Environmental Activities 2001
(2001).
Kubota Corp.: Environmental Report 2001 (2001).
Koyo Seiko Co.: Environmental Report 2001 (2001).
NSK Ltd.: Environmental Report 2001 (2001).
Canon Ltd.: Canon Environmental Report 2001 (2001).
Olympus Optical Co., Ltd.: Environmental Report 2001 (2001).
Seiko Epson Ltd.: Seiko Epson 2001 Environmental Report
(2001).
Toyota Motor Corp.: 2001 Environmental Report (2001).
Nissan Motors Ltd.: NISSAN Environmental and Social Report
2001 (2001).
Honda Motors Ltd.: Honda Environmental Annual Report 2001
(2001).
AISIN SEIKI Co., Ltd.: Environmental report 2001 (2001).
Fuji Heavy Industries Ltd.: 2001 Environmental Report (2001).
Kyocera Corp.: 2001 Environmental Report (2001).
Toppan Printing Co., Ltd.: Toppan Environmental Report 2001
(2001).
TDK Corp.: TDK's Environmental Report 2001 (2001).
Hitachi Group: Hitachi Group Environment report 2001 (2001).
Toshiba Corp.: Toshiba Environmental Report 2001 (2001).
Mitsubishi Electric Co., Ltd.: Environmental Sustainability
Report 2001 (2001).
Ricoh Co., Ltd.: Ricoh Group Sustainability Report 2001 (2001).
Omron Corp.: Environmental Report 2001 (2001).
Yokogawa Electric Corp.: Yokogawa Group Environmental
Report 2001 (2001).
Fuji Zerox Co., Ltd.: Environmental Report 2001 (2001).
Matsushita Electric Group: Environmental Sustainability Report
2001 (2001).
Sharp Corp.: SHARPS Environmental Report 2001 (2001).
Pioneer Corp.: Environmental Report 2001 (2001).
Fujitsu Ltd.: 2001 Environmental Report (2001).
NEC Corp.: Annual Environmental Report 2001 (2001).
TERUMO Corp.: TERUMO Environmental Report 2001
(2001).
Victor Company of Japan, Ltd.: Environmental Report 2001
[in Japanese], (2001).
Yamaha Corp.: Environmental data sheet 2001 [in Japanese],
(2001).
Hitachi Cable Ltd.: Environmental Report 2001 [in Japanese],
(2001).
Sumitomo Osaka Cement: Environmental Report 2001 [in
Japanese], (2001).
Ube Group: Responsible Care Report 2001, The UBE Group
Working for the Environment, Safety and Health (2001) [in
Japanese].
Mitsubishi Rayon: Environmental and Safety Report 2001 [in
Japanese] (2001).
Bridgestone Co., Ltd.: Environmental Report 2001 [in
Japanese], (2001).
Yokohama Rubber: Environmental Report 2001 [in Japanese],
(2001).
Oji Paper Co., Ltd.: Environmental Report 2001 [in Japanese],
(2001).
Sankyo Co., Ltd.: Environmental Report 2001 [in Japanese],
(2001).

Download Report