Geisenheim Irrigation Scheduling 2014

Geisenheim Irrigation Scheduling 2014
- using the original PENMAN-equation The "Geisenheim Irrigation Scheduling" involves the following four steps:
1. Saturating the soil with water
To start the calculation of the water balance, the soil should be moistened to field capacity.
2. Amount of water to be distributed at each irrigation time
The amount of irrigation water applied has to be high enough to assure moistening the
whole root zone. The amount of water available to the plant depends on soil characteristics, the kind of vegetable
and its actual rooting
stage 1
stage 2
stage 3
root depth 0-30 cm
root depth 0-60 cm
root depth 0-90 cm
depth.
Example:
10 mm
20 mm
30 mm
Cauliflower sandy soil
3. Calculating the daily balance = (transpirationPENMAN x kc) - precipitation
The crop coefficient (kc)
depends on the kind of
vegetable and its stage of
development. The PENMAN
transpiration is available
e. g. from the German
Weather Service.
stage 1
after transplanting
Example:
Cauliflower stage 2:
stage 2
≥ 8 leaves
kc 0.5
transpiration
(PENMAN)
[mm]
(6.0
kc 0.8
kc
cauliflower
stage 2
x
stage 3
diameter
≥ 70%
precipitation
0.8)
kc 1.2
[mm]
daily
balance
[mm]
-2
= 2.8
4. Calculating the balance sum
The daily balances are
added until the available
water for the vegetable is
reached (e. g. 24/7). The
amount of irrigation applied is subtracted from
the balance sum and the
balancing is continued (e.
g. 25/7). If the precipitation
is greater than the balance
sum, the balance is reduced to zero (e. g. 27/7).
Example:
Cauliflower stage 2&3:
date
transpiration
(PENMAN)
kc
cauliflower
stage 2&3
[mm]
precipitation
daily
balance
irrigation
balance
sum
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
-2
+ 2.8
2.8
7/21
6.0
0.8
7/22
7.0
0.8
+ 5.6
= 8.4
7/23
8.0
0.8
+ 6.4
= 14.8
7/24
7.0
0.8
+ 5.6
= 20.4
7/25
5.0
0.8
+ 4.0
7/26
4.0
1.2
+ 4.8
= 9.2
7/27
6.0
1.2
- 27.8
= 0.0
- 35
- 20
The Geisenheim crop coefficients are available: http://gemuesebau.hs-geisenheim.de
Hochschule Geisenheim – Institut für Gemüsebau, von-Lade-Straße 1, D- 65366 Geisenheim
Tel. +49 (0)6722 502 - 511 Fax - 510
[email protected]
page 1
19.08.2014
= 4.4
Crop coefficients (kc) for irrigation scheduling of vegetables with the
"Geisenheim Irrigation Scheduling" using the original PENMAN-equation
and the BBCH scales
stage 1
stage 2
stage 3
stage 4
asparagus
first year
≥second year
beetroot
developing
sprouts
end of harvest
after
emergence
BBCH 09
broccoli
after
transplanting
BBCH 12-13
Brussels
sprouts
bush bean
after
transplanting
BBCH 12-13
after
emergence
BBCH 09
butterhead
lettuce
after
transplanting
BBCH 12-13
0.5
0.6
well developed
cladophylls
0.4
≥ 5 leaves
0.5
≥ 8 leaves
0.5
≥ 6 leaves
0.3
0.5
BBCH 15
BBCH 18
BBCH 16
developing
flowers
BBCH 61
30% of diameter
is reached
BBCH 43
0.7 0.8 1
0.8 1.1 1
begin of
September
0.8
≥ 9 leaves
0.8
≥ 14 leaves
0.8
0.8
0.8
BBCH 19
BBCH 114
100% groundcover
BBCH 37
first fruit reaches
maximum length
BBCH 71
60% of diameter
is reached
Hochschule Geisenheim – Institut für Gemüsebau, von-Lade-Straße 1, D- 65366 Geisenheim
Tel. +49 (0)6722 502 - 511 Fax - 510
[email protected]
BBCH 46
0
1.2
100% groundcover
BBCH 39
1.4
1.4
1.2
developing
sprouts
BBCH 41
1.4
1.0
1.2
page 2
19.08.2014
stage 1
cabbage
after
transplanting
BBCH 12-13
carrot
after
emergence
BBCH 09
cauliflower
after
transplanting
BBCH 12-13
celeriac
after
transplanting
BBCH 12-13
chinese
cabbage
corn,
sweet corn
after
transplanting
BBCH 12-13
after
emergence
BBCH 09
stage 2
0.5
≥ 8 leaves
0.3
≥ 5 leaves
0.5
≥ 8 leaves
0.5
≥ 7 leaves
0.5
≥ 6 leaves
0.4
height ≥ 0.5 m
BBCH18
BBCH 15
BBCH 18
BBCH 17
BBCH 16
BBCH 31
stage 3
≥ 11 leaves
0.8
0.6
BBCH 111
100% groundcover
BBCH 43
diameter
≥ 70%
0.8
0.8
BBCH 37
corm starts to
develop
BBCH 42
developing
heads
0.8
0.4 0.5 1
BBCH 41
height ≥ 1.0 m
Hochschule Geisenheim – Institut für Gemüsebau, von-Lade-Straße 1, D- 65366 Geisenheim
Tel. +49 (0)6722 502 - 511 Fax - 510
[email protected]
BBCH 33
1.2
stage 4
developing
heads
BBCH 41
1.3
0.8
1.2
1.1
100% groundcover
BBCH 46
1.4
1.2
0.5 0.6 1
height ≥ 1.5 m
BBCH 35
0.6 0.8 1
page 3
19.08.2014
stage 1
cucumber
after
emergence
BBCH 09
curly kale
after
transplanting
0.5
0.5
BBCH 12-13
endive
after
transplanting
BBCH 12-13
fava bean
after
emergence
BBCH 09
fennel
after
transplanting
BBCH 12-13
grain,
winter
iceberg
lettuce
after
emergence
BBCH 09
after
transplanting
BBCH 12-13
stage 2
developing
flowers
BBCH 61
≥ 6 leaves
stage 3
start of
harvest
0.8
0.8
BBCH 71
intensive
development of
leaves
BBCH 16
0.5
≥ 7 leaves
0.5
height ≥ 10 cm
0.5
≥ 5 leaves
0.4
0.5
BBCH 17
BBCH 13
BBCH 15
running
to seed
BBCH 30
≥ 7-9 leaves
BBCH 17-19
stage 4
1.1
1.2
BBCH 35
0.8
0.8
1.0
0.7
0.8
Hochschule Geisenheim – Institut für Gemüsebau, von-Lade-Straße 1, D- 65366 Geisenheim
Tel. +49 (0)6722 502 - 511 Fax - 510
[email protected]
≥ 10 leaves
BBCH 110
developing
flowers
BBCH 61
≥ 8 leaves
BBCH 18
start of
ripening
BBCH 85
developing
heads
BBCH 41
100% groundcover
1.4
BBCH 39
1.2
1.2
developing
fruits
BBCH 69
1.4
1.4
0
1.0
30% of diameter
is reached
BBCH 43
1.2
page 4
19.08.2014
stage 1
leek
after
transplanting
BBCH 12-13
onion
parsley
potato
after
emergence
BBCH 42
diameter
≥ 16 mm
0.8
BBCH 44
≥ 5 leaves
0.5
1.0
1.2
BBCH 18
after
emergence
≥ 5 leaves
after the 1 yield
0.3
BBCH 15
after
emergence
second sprout
≥ 5 cm
after
emergence
0.4
0.2
after
transplanting
BBCH 13
BBCH 22
≥ 5 leaves
height ≥ 0.75 m
BBCH 16
diameter
≥ 20 mm
BBCH 46
1.4
bending
leaves
0
BBCH 47
0.6
0.4
1.0
100% groundcover
BBCH 39
100% groundcover
BBCH 15
0.5
stage 4
st
0.8
BBCH 09
1.2
≥ 8 leaves
BBCH 15
BBCH 09
tomato
open field
diameter
≥ 13 mm
stage 3
BBCH 09
BBCH 09
sugar beet
0.5
stage 2
0.8
0.6
BBCH 39
0.8
height ≥ 1 m
Hochschule Geisenheim – Institut für Gemüsebau, von-Lade-Straße 1, D- 65366 Geisenheim
Tel. +49 (0)6722 502 - 511 Fax - 510
[email protected]
BBCH 19
leaf senescence
BBCH 91
0
beet diameter
≥ 12 cm
till end of september
0.8
BBCH 45
1.2
page 5
19.08.2014
stage 1
zucchini
after
emergence
BBCH 09
0.5
stage 2
first flowers are
developing
BBCH 61
0.8
stage 3
100% groundcover
BBCH 71
stage 4
1.2
abscised leaved have to be counted too
diameter: percentage of the maximum value
1
) depending on the development of plants
References:

ALLEN, R. G., PEREIRA, L. S., RAES, D., AND SMITH, M. (1998): Crop evapotranspiration: Guidelines for computing crop water
requirements. United Nations FAO, Irrigation and Drainage, N.Y., Paper No. 56.

HARTMANN, PFÜLB, ZENGERLE (2000): Wasserverbrauch und Bewässerung von Gemüse.
Geisenheimer Berichte der Forschungsanstalt Geisenheim, Band 44, 194 S.

MEIER, U. (2001): Entwicklungsstadien mono- und dikotyler Pflanzen – BBCH-Monografie.
Biologische Bundesanstalt für Land- und Forstwirtschaft.

PASCHOLD, P.-J., KLEBER, J., MAYER, N. (2002): Geisenheimer Bewässerungssteuerung 2002:
Zeitschrift für Bewässerungswirtschaft 37, 2002, 1, 5-15

ZINKERNAGEL, J. OLBERZ, M. (2014). „Die Geisenheimer Bewässerungssteuerung - heute und morgen“.
ZVG Gartenbau report 40. 7/8, S. 23–25.
Hochschule Geisenheim – Institut für Gemüsebau, von-Lade-Straße 1, D- 65366 Geisenheim
Tel. +49 (0)6722 502 - 511 Fax - 510
[email protected]
page 6
19.08.2014

Download Report