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1-4. 超電導ケーブル標準化
低温工学協会・第1回超電導応用研究会シンポジウム
2010年7月16日
佐藤謙一
フェロー
材料技術研究開発本部・技師長
住友電気工業株式会社
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国際標準のメリット
• ①製品開発初期における国際的な
市場拡大
• ②製品のビジネス拡大期におけるコ
ストダウン獲得
• 国際標準は、WTO(World Trade Organization, 世界貿易
機関)の「貿易の技術的障害に関する協定」で各国標準の基
礎として用いられることを義務づけられている
新宅純二郎，江藤学, “コンセンサス標準戦略”，日本経済新聞社，東京，
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Lord Kelvin
IEC's First President (1906)
'If you cannot measure it,
you cannot improve it.'
The International Electrotechnical Commission
TECHNICAL COMMITTEE No. 90:
SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
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Established: 1989
Chairperson Country: U.S.A.
Secretariat: Japan
Scope:
– To deal with technical aspects, problems and
standards activities related to superconducting
material and devices.
– All classes of superconductors will be covered.
• Liaison: A) : VAMAS (Versailles Project on
Advanced Materials and Standards)
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TECHNICAL COMMITTEE No. 90:
SUPERCONDUCTIVITY - Membership
• Chairman: Dr. Loren F. GOODRICH
National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S.A.
• Secretary: Dr. Ken-ichi SATO
Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd., Japan
• Assistant Secretary: Mr. Jun FUJIKAMI
Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd., Japan
• Membership: Number of Participating countries: 11,
Number of Observer countries: 14
– P- member country:
– AUSTRIA, CHINA, FRANCE, GERMANY, ITALY, JAPAN,
KOREA (REPUBLIC OF), POLAND, ROMANIA, RUSSIAN
FEDERATION, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
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Items for standardization
• 1. Terms and definitions.
• 2. Measurements.
– 2.1 Raw materials (including materials used for
superconductors and real apparatus).
– 2.2 Wire, bulk and film.
• 3. Material specification.
– 3.1 Raw materials.
– 3.2 Wire, bulk and film.
• 4. Equipment and device performance and
tests specifications.
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TC90 Meeting History
・1st TC meeting was held in Tokyo in May 1990
・2nd meeting in Paris in November 1992
・3rd meeting in Boulder in April 1995
・4th meeting in Beijing in October 1996
・5th meeting in Frankfurt in June 1998
・6th meeting in Boulder in March 2000
・7th meeting in Seoul in September 2001
・8th meeting in Vienna in February 2003
・9th meeting in Argonne in September 2004
・10th meeting in Kyoto in June 2006
・11th meeting in Berlin in June 2008
・12th meeting will be in Seattle in October 2010
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Working Groups in TC90
WG 1 : Terms and definitions
WG 2 : Critical current measurement of Nb-Ti composite superconductors
WG 3 : Critical current measurement method of oxide superconductors
WG 4 : Test method for residual resistivity ratio of Cu/Nb-Ti and Nb3Sn
composite superconductors
WG 5 : Tensile test of composite superconductors
WG 6 : Matrix composition ratio of Cu/Nb-Ti composite superconductors
WG 7 : Critical current measurement method of Nb3Sn composite
superconductors
WG 8 : Electronic characteristic measurements
WG 9 : Measurement method for AC losses in superconducting wires
WG 10 : Measurement for bulk high temperature superconductors - Trapped
flux density in large grain oxide superconductors
WG 11 : Critical temperature measurement - Critical temperature of
composite superconductors
WG 12 : Current Leads (established, January, 2007)
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Publications issued by TC 90
• IEC 60050-815: 2000 International Electrotechnical Vocabulary – Part
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815: Superconductivity
IEC 61788-1 Ed. 2.0: Superconductivity - Part 1: Critical current
measurement - DC critical current of Cu/Nb-Ti composite
superconductors
IEC 61788-2 Ed. 2.0: Superconductivity - Part 2: Critical current
measurement - DC critical current of Nb3Sn composite superconductors
IEC 61788-3 Ed. 2.0: Superconductivity - Part 3: Critical current
measurement - DC critical current of Ag-sheathed Bi-2212 and Bi-2223
oxide superconductors
IEC 61788-4 Ed. 2.0: Superconductivity - Part 4: Residual resistance
ratio measurement - Residual resistance ratio of Nb-Ti composite
superconductors
IEC 61788-5 Ed. 1.0: Superconductivity - Part 5: Matrix to
superconductor volume ratio measurement - Copper to superconductor
volume ratio of Cu/Nb-Ti composite superconductors
IEC 61788-6 Ed. 2.0: Superconductivity - Part 6: Mechanical properties
measurement - Room temperature tensile test of Cu/Nb-Ti composite
superconductors
IEC 61788-7 Ed. 2.0: Superconductivity - Part 7: Electronic
characteristic measurements - Surface resistance of superconductors at
microwave frequencies
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Publications issued by TC 90 –continued• IEC 61788-8 Ed. 2.0: Superconductivity - Part 8: AC loss measurements Total AC loss measurement of Cu/Nb-Ti composite superconducting wires
exposed to a transverse alternating magnetic field by a pickup coil method
• IEC 61788-9 Ed. 1.0: Superconductivity - Part 9: Measurements for bulk
high temperature superconductors - Trapped flux density of large grain oxide
superconductors
• IEC 61788-10 Ed. 2.0: Superconductivity - Part 10: Critical temperature
measurement - Critical temperature of Nb-Ti, Nb3Sn, and Bi-system oxide
composite superconductors by a resistance method
• IEC 61788-11 Ed. 1.0: Superconductivity - Part 11: Residual resistance ratio
measurement - Residual resistance ratio of Nb3Sn composite
superconductors
• IEC 61788-12 Ed. 1.0: Superconductivity - Part 12: Matrix to superconductor
volume ratio measurement - Copper to non-copper volume ratio of Nb3Sn
composite superconducting wires
• IEC 61788-13 Ed. 1.0: Superconductivity - Part 13: AC loss measurements Magnetometer methods for hysteresis loss in Cu/Nb-Ti multifilamentary
composites
• IEC 61788-14 Ed. 1.0: Superconductivity - Part 14: Superconducting power
devices – General requirements for characteristic tests of current leads
designed for powering superconducting devices (2010-06)
15 IEC International Standards published
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世界の主な超電導ケーブルプロジェクト
□: In operation (Lab & Grid)
□: Future grid operation
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Panel Discussions for future
standardization works held by TC90
Year
Venue
Conference
October, 2004
Jacksonville, USA
Applied Superconductivity Conference
September, 2005
Vienna, Austria
European Conference on Applied
Superconductivity
September, 2005
Genoa, Italy
Magnet Technology - 19
November, 2005
Tsukuba, Japan
International Superconductivity Conference
August, 2006
Seattle, USA
Applied Superconductivity Conference
October, 2006
Nagoya, Japan
International Superconductivity Conference
August, 2007
Philadelphia, USA
Magnet Technology - 20
November, 2007
Tsukuba, Japan
International Superconductivity Conference
November, 2008
Tsukuba, Japan
International Superconductivity Conference
September, 2009
Dresden, Germany
European Conference on Applied
Superconductivity
August, 2010
Washington DC, USA
Applied Superconductivity Conference
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2008年：超電導ケーブル標準化に向けて活動開始
• Started to communicate with Product TCs, first with
TC20: Electric Cables, for superconducting Power
Cable on April, 2008
• Agreed at the 11th TC90 Meeting at Berlin in June:
TC20 & TC90 will jointly propose to CIGRE SC B1:
Insulated Cables, to ask Pre-standardization Work.
• TC20 meeting at Rome in October, 2008: Confirmed
to ask CIGRE jointly with TC90
• CIGRE SC B1: Task Force started in December, 2008
to study the necessity of creation of a new WG for
further work on HTS cables (Convenor: D. Lindsay,
Southwire)
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Recommendations from TC90 discussed at
IEC Sector Board 1 meeting in 2007 Beijing &
2008 Newcastle
• TC90 should construct liaison relations with related
TCs in IEC to deal with superconducting power
equipments, for examples, power cables with TC20
and others
• TC90 should make a communication with SB1 on
market needs for superconducting power
equipments in transmission and distribution area
• TC90 will proceed with standardization works for
superconducting properties, such as long high
temperature superconducting wire properties, and
superconducting devices based upon its activities
IEC Sector Board 1: Transmission and distribution
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Example: Optical Fiber (1)
• IEC
60793-1-1:
Optical
fibres
–
Measurement
methods
and
test
procedures – Part 1-1: General and
guidance
• Publications in the IEC 60793-1 series concern measurement
methods and test procedures as they apply to optical fibres.
Within the same series, several different areas are grouped, as
follows:
• parts 1-10 to 1-19: General
• parts 1-20 to 1-29: Measurement methods and test procedures for
dimensions
• parts 1-30 to 1-39: Measurement methods and test procedures for
mechanical characteristics
• parts 1-40 to 1-49: Measurement methods and test procedures for
transmission and optical characteristics
• parts 1-50 to 1-59: Measurement methods and test procedures for
environmental characteristics.
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Example: Optical Fiber (2)
• IEC 60793-2: Optical fibres – Part 2:
Product specifications – General
• IEC 60793-2 consists of the following parts, under the
general title Optical fibres:
• Part 2-10: Product specifications - Sectional specification
for category A1 multimode fibres
• Part 2-20: Product specifications - Sectional specification
for category A2 multimode fibres
• Part 2-30: Product specifications - Sectional specification
for category A3 multimode fibres
• Part 2-40: Product specifications - Sectional specification
for category A4 multimode fibres
• Part 2-50: Product specifications - Sectional specification
for category B single-mode fibres
• Part 2-60: Product specifications - Sectional specification
for category C single-mode intraconnection fibres
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CIGRE Task Force B1.31
(TESTING OF SUPERCONDUCTING CABLE SYSTEMS)
Working year : 2008-2009
Conclusion:
The TF unanimously agrees and recommends B1 form
a WG to develop and testing guideline for superconducting
cable systems.
Development and implementation of this technology
will continue and a proper guideline is required
for the industry.
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CIGRE WG B1.31
(TESTING OF SUPERCONDUCTING CABLE SYSTEMS)
Back ground : IEC TC20 and TC90 has requested B1 to provide
testing recommendations for HTSC cable systems, as the
technology has made notable progress during the last years.
Convener : David Lindsay (US)
Created: 2010, Disband: 2013
Members :
Alex Geschiere (NL, Alliander), Ray Awad (CA, Hydro Quebec),
Su-Kil Lee (KO, LS cable), Frank Schmidt (GE, Nexans)
Nicolas Lallouet (FR, Nexans), Massimo Bechis (IT, Prysmian)
Javier Iglesias Diaz( ES), Takato Masuda (JP, Sumitomo)
Shinichi Mukoyama (observer, JP, Furukawa)
David Lindsay (US, Southwire)
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CIGRE WG B1.31
(TESTING OF SUPERCONDUCTING CABLE SYSTEMS)
Terms of Reference:
1.Scope of the WG should be limited to AC High Temperature Superconductors (HTS) only (not
including DC cable) and exclude those materials considered Low Temperature Superconductors
(LTS). Voltage range: 10 to 145 kV
2.Cryogenic cooling hardware is outside the scope. However, Performance specification,
reliability, functional requirements should be addressed
3.The WG shall collect detailed experience from existing HTS cable projects.
4.The WG shall address HTS cable systems operating under normal and short circuit conditions
– including cable, joints and terminations.
5.The guideline shall include considerations for all known cable design options including singlecore, three-core and three concentric phases.
6.The guideline shall address those test requirements associated with design and operation of a
pressurized piping and pressure-vessel system as applicable to HTS cable systems.
7.The WG shall recommend testing requirements and guidelines for HTS cable system in the
following areas:
· Type / Qualification tests , · Factory Tests, · After Laying Tests
8.The WG shall discuss and document the prospective of technology up scaling to 275 kV
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CIGRE WG B1.31
(TESTING OF SUPERCONDUCTING CABLE SYSTEMS)
The full report shall be made available for final review
at the B1 annual meeting in 2013.
Deliverables:
• An Executive Summary article for Electra
• A full report to be published as a Technical Brochure
• A Tutorial
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HTS Cable Projects and IEC Standards
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
KEPRI &
DAPAS, KR
Albany, US
Ohio, US
LIPA 1, Us
Yokohama, JP
Hydra, US
Amsterdam,
NL
Standard
Preliminary Stage/CIGRE: Task Force
→
WG
IEC/TC90: 現在までのまとめと今後
• 現在までの国際規格発行：測定方法14件(TC90)および超電
導関連用語1件(TC1：用語＋TC90)←日本からの提案が大
多数
• IEC規格作成のノウハウが各WGのConvenorやWGエキス
パートの間に定着するには、10年かかった
→人脈形成、国際標準制定までの各国との落としどころ協議
→標準作成のフォーマット
• Pre-standard活動として実施された先進国間の協力である
VAMAS *の成果をIEC規格へ取り込んできた（*先進材料と
標準におけるベルサイユサミットの合意）－外部との連携が
重要
• 将来方針の合意を常に形成する努力が必要
• EU諸国からの国の代表は、同じ会社の異なる国の代表とし
て出席する場合もある。規格が機器ﾚﾍﾞﾙになり利害が衝突
するようになると、日本としては、票を多く取りにくい。→中国、
韓国との連携など重要
• 超電導のように、産業として成熟していない分野は、国の積
極的な関与が不可欠（受益者負担の考えだけでは難かしい）
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