Chiba University 研究紹介 Research introductions ヨサファット テトォコ スリ スマンティヨ Josaphat Tetuko Sri Sumantyo 千葉大学大学院自然科学研究科像科学専攻 Graduate School of Science and Technology, Chiba University クラカトア山島群 Situation map Sumatera island Lampung bay N SAR mosaic Indonesia Lampung Legundi island Sertung island Krakatau volcano complex Panjang island Rakata island Banten Panaitan island Java island 0 15 km Volcanoes in Indonesia : 129 volcanoes Sumatera : 12 Java : 21 Bali : 2 Nusa Tenggara : 20 Banda sea : 9 North Sulawesi : 6 Sangihe : 5 Halmahera : 5 Krakatau volcano complex (ESDM, Indonesia) 歴史：クラカトア山島群の誕生 ② ① Panjang Rakata ③ Panjang caldera before 1883 Danan Perbuwatan Sertung after gigantic eruption with the lost of volcano dome in 60,000 years ago ancient Krakatau 60,000 years ago Rakata sertung growing up of Rakata, Danan and Perbuwatan volcanoes 17th century North ④ Panjang Rakata ⑤ Panjang Danan Perbuwatan Sertung Rakata, Danan and Perbuwatan volcanoes activities stopped in 1681. Rakata ⑥ Panjang caldera after 1883 Sertung paroxymal explotion of Danan and Perbuwatan volcanoes on August 27, 1883 → 36,417 people killed and swept 295 villages Rakata Anak krakatau Sertung Krakatau volcano complex growing slowly nowadays and always create spectacular history … 歴史：クラカトア山島群の誕生 350 Height [meter asl] 300 Anak Krakatau 250 200 150 100 50 0 1930 1952 1953 1968 1973 Observation year Photographs : ESDM, Indonesia 1983 1996 合成開口レーダ画像生成過程 Range JERS-1 satellite range compressed image North Azimuth raw data North sensor illumination azimuth compressed image rotated image 合成開口レーダ画像生成過程 North North Sertung island Panjang island Anak Krakatau island Rakata island Full scene of JERS-1 SAR 19980731 Subset of JERS-1 SAR 19980731 クラカトア山島群地質図とＳＡＲ画像の関係 N Panjang island Sertung island Anak Krakatau island Rakata island JERS-1 SAR 19980731 N Map legend Lav Lavas in 1963, 1972, 1975, 1980 Sertung island Panjang island Pca1 Pyroclastic airfall layer of ash, scoriaeous lapilli, sand exposed in 1982. Pca2 Pyroclastic airfall layer of ash, scoreae, lapilli, sand exposed in 1956. Smd Material deposit of the rock such as silt, sand or block size, andesites, basaltic andesite, and obsidian fragments Hal Hyperstene augite andesite lava Anak Krakatau island Rakata island Pf 1883 Pyroclastic flow Bal Basaltic lava Roc1 Rock distribution Roc2 Estimated rock distribution Landsat TM 19920518 クラカトア山島群地質図とＳＡＲ画像の関係 N N Panjang island Sertung island Panjang island Sertung island Anak Krakatau island Rakata island JERS-1 SAR 19980731 Anak Krakatau island Rakata island Landsat TM 19920518 Geological cross section クラカトア火山活動 19941105 North 19961122 19941105 19980913 19961122 19980913 0 2 km composited SAR images 後方散乱係数の見方 A B 2000m 1500m Rakata island Sertung island 1000m Bal Hal Pf 1883 Pf 1883 Sea level 500m Hal 0m sigma-null o [dB] A 0 B 1994 1996 1998 -5 -10 -15 -20 0 50 A 100 B 後方散乱係数の見方 C D Sertung island Anak Krakatau island Hal Lav 1972/1973 Pf 1883 Pca2 Pca1 1000m Panjang island Hal Pca2 750m Pf 1883 Smd 250m Sea level Sea level 0m C sigma-null o [dB] 500m D 0 1994 1996 1998 -5 -10 -15 -20 0 50 C 100 D 後方散乱係数の見方 F E 1000m Panjang island 750m Anak Krakatau island Pca2 Lav 1972/1973 Pca1 Hal Pca2 Pf 1883 500m Smd 250m Sea level 0m sigma-null o [dB] E 0 F 1994 1996 1998 -5 -10 -15 -20 0 50 E 100 F 後方散乱係数と火山活動の関係 #1 sigma-null o [dB] 0 -5 -10 5 dB 4 dB -15 -20 19941105 19961122 19980913 1994 1996 1998 後方散乱係数と火山活動の関係 #2 sigma-null o [dB] 0 -5 -10 -15 -20 19941105 19961122 19980913 1994 1996 1998 後方散乱係数と火山活動の関係 1994 #3 sigma-null o [dB] 0 -5 -10 -15 -20 19941105 19961122 19980913 5 dB 7 dB 1996 1998 後方散乱係数と火山活動の関係 #4 sigma-null o [dB] 0 -5 -10 3 dB -15 -20 19941105 19961122 19980913 1994 5 dB 1996 1998 後方散乱係数と火山活動の関係 Backscattering coefficient of each soil type Pf 1883 -8 dB Pca1 -10 dB Pca2 -6 dB Lav 1972/1973 -10 dB Hal -12 dB Smd -9 dB Sea surface -16 dB Radar respons / backscattering coefficient of new lava around Anak Krakatau Volcano Northern area : 5 ~ 7 dB increased Western area : 4 ~ 5 dB increased North-eastern area : 3 ~ 5 dB increased
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